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Fintech services and E-commerce are the terms used to describe the use of technology in financial services and commerce transactions. Fintech is the main driver for financial inclusion, focusing on providing all financial services at a low cost with a larger scale and broader reach. The E-commerce platforms provide an amazing solution for more complex problems, provide very high efficiency in supply chain management. They make the cash cycle more fast and efficient as well as can easily control business processes. E-commerce will be a reduction in costs, as well as boost the marketing strategies, and thus can also increase the traffic on the businesses' E-commerce platforms.The compilation of the content of this monograph book provides the specific contents of behavioral assessments of using Fintech services and E-commerce. The quantitative models in the behavioral assessments of using Fintech services and E-commerce are introduced to find out the factors affecting the behavioral assessments of using Fintech services and E-commerce. The content of the book, "Behavioral Assessments of Using Fintech Services and E-Commerce" associates the Fintech services and E-commerce with the quantitative models, not going into proving the testing tools of econometrics but focusing on application tools in analyzing the results of quantitative models. Each quantitative model used in the behavioral assessments of using Fintech services and E-commerce has important implications in many angles. The quantitative models will provide theoretical and empirical foundations that contribute positively to research and practical applications for many readers, students and postgraduate students.

Actualmente en Ecuador las instituciones públicas se preocupan más por la sociedad y el medio ambiente, pero sus esfuerzos no son suficientes para abarcar sus necesidades, por lo que las empresas han optado por desarrollar estrategias de negocio que se encarguen de encontrar una oportunidad dentro de estas necesidades. Por esto existen empresas que adoptaron el concepto de valor compartido, debido a que les permite obtener progreso económico y a su vez asumir de manera voluntaria su responsabilidad con la sociedad y el medioambiente. A través de este documento se pretende exponer las iniciativas que Nestlé Ecuador adoptó tras una exitosa implementación del concepto de valor compartido y la importancia que estas tienen en contraste con la sociedad y el medioambiente, con el objetivo de proponer un manual de implementación del concepto de valor compartido para la empresa XYZ.

Feminist Writings on the Violation of Women Rights in Tamilnadu by Dr.R.Kalaivani and Dr.V.Venkatraman was a revelation of the struggle of the forerunners of Women Rights Movement especially the Women's Indian Association for the removal of evil practices affecting the women and children of Tamilnadu for the period between 1917 and 1967.The authors of this book clearly brought out the struggle in achieving the progressive changes in Women's life in Tamilnadu and in India at large along with the earlier leaders in removing sati and other evil practices. They have given exhaustive information based on the original archival evidences, which will be very useful for the present generation to know more about the sacrifices of Indian Women and their social problems.

Schools producing academic excellence are made up of more than just a school, learners, teachers and parents. Rather, they pull throughout the ecosystem creating a thriving network of actors centered on building the best learning opportunities for learners. Creating effective school business partnerships is critical and useful for public schools in particular, to produce and sustain academic results. In Sub Saharan countries and poor countries of the world, school business partnership is the panacea for eradicating inequities, lack of education access, maximising opportunities, ending poverty and providing decent quality public education for all. As COVID19 has pushed back the boundaries that existed for a long time and brought in innovative technological tools that reached broadly children of marginalised sectors of the society, the research work whets the appetite to reimagine the traditional ways of school business practices. The work explores and examines working across sectors, creating a network of sectors that collaborate and partner for creativity, producing genius for better school outcomes. Creativity is a team sport indeed, even in the education sector it is true unless if the society choose the route to perish and our children underperform in literacy and numeracy in primary and secondary schooling. The study recommends collaborative structures, teams, processes, tools for innovation to make learning more accessible and equitable to all.

The position of women in society has been explained in several different ways. Scholars have put forward diametrically opposite views regarding her place in different stages of civilization. On the one hand, she is conceived as little better than a slave or beast of burden, condemned to perform the hardest drudgery, bought as chattel and treated as such. On the other hand, she is viewed as the undisputed mistress of the family with all the powers relating to the house vested in her. There is so much variability in the relation of women to society that any general statement must be taken with caution. Her utility, her resourcefulness in domestic life, her refreshing company and the affectionate care of children have always proved to be a great asset to her partner in life and have, to a considerable extent, determined her status at different stages of civilization. The position of women in the polyandrous society is a little bit stranger if seen from a whole perspective. Polyandry in the Himalayas, as elsewhere, has been attributed to the poverty of the people. It has been practised long in some areas of Himachal Pradesh and it is worthwhile to note its effects on the life of the hill people in the various phases of their activities.

This book is an extension of the author's PHD work. The broad ideology behind this work is the gap in financial literacy among youth (educated/uneducated) in urban areas. Taking right decisions about investments and savings is a challenge throughout the world and as we see major policy changes in the social security schemes of developing economies, it is mandatory to develop a strong understanding about long term financial planning. In the process of financial planning the financial attitude and financial behavior of the people will play instrumental role. This book highlights the importance of financial literacy and a proper financial plan to diversify investments so that there is a perpetual source of revenue for the present youth during their old age.this research work further dives into the concepts of strong planning with farsightedness which is again based on financial awareness. the youth should be flexible enough in spending for a long span of time. The policy concerns from the government side cannot be disregarded which is again a dynamic area and in a developing country like India it very much depends on the political ideologies of the ruling party. Further empowerment among middle class can only come by having a sound financial background. As the middle class has limited income and diversifying sources of expenditure, the pros and cons of each investment should be strongly vetted to have a secured future. In the recent few years we see that women workforce and participation is increasing hence incentivising women to save can also be an important macro variable to increase savings in the economy which will help central investment processes.

It is vital to enforce the distinguished assimilation of sustainability entities in higher education (HE) and to establish an academia-wide collective curriculum on sustainability as an efficient manner to disseminate and stimulate thoughts with forthcoming generations. The remit of this paper is to document the available literature and map the research landscape into a coherent taxonomy. This research adds to the available literature and, moreover, it could also aid to the community comprehension of education in sustainable development (ESD) implementation and/or integration into higher education institutions (HEIs). We perform an attentive search in relation to education sustainable development (ESD) in three relevant electronic databases, namely, the Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore. The result of the review is a taxonomy that includes 148 articles published in between early 2014 and mid-2019 that are then categorized into six classes, namely, the accomplishment of SD, awareness and commitment, evaluation and commentary, structural transformation, course coordination and university management. Additionally, we acknowledge varied involvement from different levels of communities supporting and promoting education to achieve sustainable development (SD).

Due to an increased consumption of fossil fuel and rise in the cost of diesel and petroleum products, developing nations such as India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh have been focusing on alternative energy resources such as the production of biodiesel from biomass or related wastes. The biodiesel can be generated from dedicated energy crops such as Karanja and Jatropha. Biomass can be used for energy, fuels and chemicals production has generated significant concerns across the globe, especially in developing nations, due to the shortage of food and cultivable land and extremely high population density. This has led to the use of non-edible biomass resources such as Karanja, Jatropha, Neem, Mahua, and Sorghum. The current book focuses on the thermochemical conversion process called pyrolysis. The pyrolysis is one of the most promising methods to produce bio-oil, bio-char and gases, from the thermal degradation of biomass in an inert atmosphere. The present study has utilized with different de-oiled seed cake generated from variety of biomass. The focus of the research work is pyrolysis of press seed cake produced from lignocellulosic biomass regardless of the type of original plant source was carried out in a fixed bed batch reactor to study the effects of temperature, retention time, and nitrogen (N2) flow rate on bio-oil and bio-char yields. In this book Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimum operating conditions to maximize the bio-oil and bio-char yield. The results obtained from the current study have made a significant contribution in demonstrating the value addition to various seed cake from dedicated energy crops.

Solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal (CLCsolid) is one-dimensional photonic material, reflects only one-handed circularly polarized light depending on the handedness of its helical pitch. The helical structure has the spatial modulation of refractive index that creates energy band structure for photons, which either allows or stops the propagation of light of certain wavelength ranges. The wavelength of the reflected color is directly related to the length of helical pitch of the corresponding CLCsolid. Therefore, these photonic materials can be developed to give an optical response to external stimuli such as pH, mechanical force, temperature, and humidity which can alter the helical pitch of CLCsolid. This dissertation describes the research conducted to develop stimuli responsive smart CLCsolid. The pH responsive smart CLCsolid was developed through an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of the weak polyelectrolytes in CLCsolid. The volume of this intertwined polyelectrolyte hydrogel is expanded on pH change which increases the helical pitch of the CLCsolid. Thus, the reflected color of the smart CLCsolid shifts to red. In this research, we used smart CLCsolid as an optical biosensor for the detection of biomolecules such as glucose and urea.

This book is about how customer satisfaction can be achieved in the service industry in order to gain competitive advantage. There are many aspects to look at however the focus here is on the role of entrepreneurial orientation. About the Author: Catherine Gachanja is currently studying her PhD at The Africa Nazarene University, Nairobi Kenya. She aspires to continue with her post-doctoral studies to continue writing more journals, articles that other fellow students and practitioners can benefit from. An avid reader of non-fictional books, Catherine holds a Masters Degree from Africa Nazarene University and a Bachelors of Commerce Degree from University of South Africa (UNISA).

Globally, asthma is one of the major non-communicable diseases with 235 million people currently suffering from the condition. In Saudi Arabia, there is a 4% prevalence of asthma amongst the adult population. Review of current evidence identified that asthma was more prevalent in individuals with less education and those less activated lo self-manage the condition. Local culture and developing a program with health professionals played an important role in improving the education of patients managing the disease. This study aimed to develop an adult asthma patient self-management education programme that took into account the Saudi context and culture.

This book is about my life as a hospital doctor in Ireland (1970-2011). It begins with graduation from University College Dublin (UCD), marriage, and early years in the Federated Voluntary Hospitals (FDVH) training scheme in Dublin. The journey to America to obtain specialist training, not knowing if we would ever return to Ireland, follows. It includes the gamble of returning to Ireland, the difficulties of obtaining a consultant post and of setting up a research laboratory.A few visits to the Middle East are remembered but most of all my training in Seattle, USA, to become a 'Bone Marrow Transplanter' and the subsequent difficulties encountered while endeavouring to establish a new medical service in Ireland. My role in the Hepatitis C crisis and the difficulties involved are also recounted. My eventual move to the School of Medicine, Trinity College as Professor of Academic Medicine in 2006, and the accompanying successes and failures are described.The book ends with some comments on the Irish Health Service and the current pandemic. Finally, my recent diagnosis with cancer of the lymph glands and the strangeness of being treated in a unit I had built up and been in charge of for over 20 years is described. Shaun McCann, an internationally renowned Irish haematologist charts his career through a period of immense change, not only in science and medicine but also in society. To the story he brings his personal perspective, a charming combination of humour and old school values with an underlying determination to embrace, and indeed drive, change, even when it created enemies.Jane Apperley, Professor of Haemato-oncology, Imperial College, London, UK. Prof. McCann's breadth of knowledge in diverse fields is exceptional. For the past 3 years he has contributed a monthly editorial to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION on the unlikely intersection between haematology (blood disorders) and oenology which have been very well received, highly-cited and published as a book (Wine and Blood: an unlikely pairing' ISBN 978-99753417-7-6). He has published more than 200 scientific articles listed in the US National Library of Medicine. He performed the first bone marrow transplant in Ireland.Prof. McCann's memoir, is most impressive with an interesting content and lively writing style.Robert Peter Gale. Visiting Professor of Haematology, Imperial College, London, UK.

The papers in this book deal with various aspects of firm behavior and firm performance. All of them use micro data and micro-econometric methods to investigate the role of firm characteristics for the dynamics of enterprises. Four papers (in chapters 1 - 4) look at exports with a focus on productivity, innovation and the share of exports to low-income countries; firm dynamics in the so-called Great Export Collapse in the financial crisis of 2008/2009; the role of credit constraints for extensive margins of exports; and the role of "soft power" - the rate of approval of the job performance of the leadership of a home country among the people of a foreign country - for exports from the home country to this country. Three papers (in chapters 5 - 7) investigate the links between the presence of a firm on the web - i.e. having a website of its own - and various aspects of firm performance like productivity, firm size, international firm activities, and firm survival in times of COVID-19. The big picture is that better firms do have a website and that a website helped to survive the pandemic. Firm survival in the COVID-19 pandemic is the topic of chapter 8, too, with a focus on the role of the gender of the firm owner. It turns out that the effect of female ownership is positive after controlling for various firm characteristics that are known to be related to firm survival. While 3 papers (in chapters 2, 3 and 4) use firm level data from Germany, the other five chapters are empirical studies based on micro data from many countries. These papers illustrate the usefulness of multi-country studies for understanding aspects of firm dynamics and firm performance.

In the present days of competition among modern industries all are vying for standing in the market for best name and fame of their products production best in quality and design at the lowest cost while keeping optimum values of all the system parameters. Earlier authors have used different methods to derive system equations and then solving these equations involved a huge amount of mathematical calculations and time. In our research we have modeled paper plant using Genetic Algorithm, discussed behavior of digesting unit of paper industry based on queuing theory, reliability prediction of systems with preventive maintenance. Moreover the management employ repairmen and service personnel for maintain the subunits and servicing the whole plant but have no idea which units need more care over the other unit(s) for obtaining targeted values of system parameters, here we have modeled four system parameters of few industrial plants and discussed sensitivity analysis of four system parameters due to failure and repair rates of individual units by preparing corresponding tables, drawing graphs followed by conclusions and discussions. These recommendations if followed by concerned industries may be helpful to them in achieving the desired results. Future researchers may follow methods discussed to evaluate and model systems with more conditions/situations.

Peter Chew theorem is AI age knowledge because the theorem can help convert all Quadratic Surds . In addition, the theorem can help convert easier and faster than current method. Applying Peter Chew theorem in AI age calculator, PCET calculator can help the calculator solve all problem of Quadratic Surds. This will cause students to increase their interest in using PCET calculator and increase the promotion of effective mathematics learning. When the future epidemics such as Covid-19 occur in the future, it can effectively help mathematics teaching, especially for students studying at home. Presenting numbers in surd form is quite common in science and engineering especially where a calculator is either not allowed or unavailable, and the calculations to be undertaken involve irrational values. Therefore, the application of Peter Chew theorem in Mechanical Engineering can make the teaching and learning of Mechanical Engineering easier. About the Author: Peter Chew is Mathematician, Inventor and Biochemist from National University Of Malaysia (UKM). Global issue analyst and Reviewer for Eliva Press. Peter Chew also is CEO PCET, Malaysia, PCET is a long research associate of IMRF (International Multidisciplinary Research Foundation), Institute of higher Education & Research with its HQ at India and Academic Chapters all over the world.Peter Chew obtain the Certificate of appreciation from Malaysian Health Minister Datuk Seri Dr. Adam Baba(2021), PSB Singapore. National QC Convention STAR AWARD (2 STAR), IMRF Outstanding Analyst Award 2019, IMFR Inventor Award 2020, the Best Presentation Award ICEMP 2019 in Ningbo, China . Invited speaker at the ATCM 2019, China. iCon-MESSSH'20 and iCon-MESSSH'21 Special Talk Speaker the 100th CONF of the IMRF, Goa, India. Keynote Speaker of the ICCEMS 2019 and the ICPCE 2020.

The research journey takes strides and reaches the destination and extend comprehensive solution that makes life easier and more enjoyable. Experiential research is always an immersive process that could take the researcher to the jewel of understanding through several dives and bring back an array of effective responses to make life easier and more meaningful. Since travel is a fascination for mankind, ensuring such provision for the present and future generations is humankind's responsibility. A rational observer, the researcher's responsivity to act as a watchdog of sustainability in resource identification, mobilization, and use is imbibed and expected. Exploring and presenting some of the niche practices of travel and tourism to humankind based on experiential learning is more authentic and understandable. Gaining insights from such experience will be a guiding light for the stakeholders of the travel and tourism sector. The book materializes such remarkable strategic practices and discusses in detail to motivate such practices to support the long-term agenda of sustainability of travel and tourism operations. The community-level intervention was more pragmatic in ensuring sustainability practices in tourism both on the demand and supply side. In this direction, the two case study is discussed from both the demand and supply side to reinvigorate the discourses on sustainability in travel and tourism customer friendly and stakeholder specific.

There are many different kinds of sweet potatoes, and each one has its own set of specific nutritional characteristics. In a general sense, sweet potatoes are indigenous to subtropical areas that have conditions of moderate temperature. This particular sweet potato must spend the first half of its life in an environment with an annual rainfall of 110 centimetres and an average temperature range of 25-28 degree Celsius. It takes this plant an average of 120-130 days from the time it is planted until it has completed its life cycle and is ready to be harvested. It is possible to gather the seeds during the time of the blooming process, but those seeds will not be employed in the following planting process. Slips are what are used during the majority of the planting procedure for sweet potatoes almost exclusively. The seeds that were gathered are employed in the process of sprouting after they have been taken from the fruit and collected and then utilised. After a certain amount of time has elapsed, these sprouts will either be transplanted or transferred [7]. Sweet potatoes are known to be susceptible to a variety of abiotic elements such as heat, soil salinity, drought, and cold temperatures throughout their extremely short life cycles. All of these abiotic conditions lead plants to generate lesser yields in the form of tubers.

The fact that worldwide business experts and practitioners are becoming more aware of the industry's fast development and negative environmental and social repercussions is a matter of interest to the readers. As a result, global societies are focusing on manufacturing and expansion techniques that foster resilience in the existing and upcoming marketplaces. The focus on low-cost supply networks to manage costs has magnified the impact of even minor disruptions at any step of the chain. Firm resilience is the company's capacity to be aware of supply chain disruptions, adapt and respond quickly to changes brought about by a supply chain disruption, and recover and return to a state of normalcy. Supply chain procedures have always been the backbone of any company and have been susceptible to uncertainties and risks that have a direct influence on the performance of the organization. Companies currently face intense competition, pushing managers to study creative applications to improve quality while reducing costs and decreasing lead times. Managers have to adopt numerous measures to overcome and mitigate any unanticipated issues that may damage strategic objectives. Since a consequence, it is essential to place a greater emphasis on supplier selection and evaluation, as this may lower rejection rates, costs, and time-to-market while improving product quality. This book gives insight into some of the internationally significant themes and includes examples in the form of brief research studies on supply chain management difficulties and their solutions.

The Global Hunger Index, ranked Nepal as 44 out of 76 countries in 2014. For Nepalese farmers it is high time to diversify their food items as well as production, and gain better market access with competency. In this case Chestnut can be the potential one. Chestnut is a high-demanding nut with a unique nutrient quality that distinguishes it from other nuts. Its demand is increasing in country as well globally. Chestnuts' elevated its use confectionery, associated with their health benefits, and is anticipated to push the chestnuts market forward. Increasing the health consciousness of the people and increasing research on the analysis of the nutritional constituent and their role in human health its importance is flourishing. Chestnut flour is now becoming quite prevalent in pastries, which is propelling the worldwide manufacturing and trade market for chestnuts. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization Asia-Pacific dominates the market. Nepal too is predicted to have a wonderful production opportunity and market place due to its geographical comparative advantages. Nepal has a good opportunity to utilize the wild cultivar as the root-stock to make high yielding varieties by grafting it with some high yielding varieties (Japanese and Chinese) and has the possibility of upgrading the utilization of underutilized land and resources to enhance the economy. Further research and extension work, variety improvement and collaboration among the concerned authorities are most for improvement, commercial production and increasing import of chestnut.

This book discusses potential challenges to be faced during the divestiture process of the oil refineries held by state-owned company Petrobras. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the oil price war between Saudi Arabia and Russia, there was a significant drop in demand and price of oil products. Those changes in the dynamics of the oil and gas market may adversely affect the divestitures plans of Petrobras, once the sector has been facing serious uncertainties on when the oil consumption and price levels will return to the pre pandemic scenario. The current situation may impair the attractiveness of the assets to be divested, the degree of risks considered acceptable by potential investors, the applicable rates of return, payback periods, and the incentives for new players to enter into the Brazilian refining sector. In addition to that, there are material institutional ambiguities surrounding Petrobras' divestitures plans and the fulfillment of the divestiture agreement signed by Petrobras with CADE, the Brazilian Antitrust Authority. Even though the Brazilian Supreme Court has temporarily affirmed the legality of the divestiture plans, there is still room for litigation. Exacerbated activism by administrative and judicial authorities, obstacles caused by legislative and regulatory bodies, and resistance from political parties and unions may still hinder the divestiture process. In light of the peculiarities of the sector, there are also relevant antitrust and economic issues that were not carefully considered by CADE when designing the divestitures agreement.

The nature of cyberspace is not established by territoriality and it is rather ubiquitous. So, the legal regime has to confront the norms of a new reality, as it is structured online.Cyberspace is an amorphous space that does not occupy a set physical or geographic location. An introduction to the significance of the Digital Rights Management Systems with a comment in Lex Informatica. You probably need to know how the online content owners ( of music, films, photos, videos for example ) monitor their intellectual property in cyberspace. You probably want to know how the online world deals with dispute resolutions and the prInciples of such activities. This is a guide of basic knowledge regarding the abovementioned issues, useful for students as well as for practicioners in the field of intellectual property.What to expect; A friendly approach to subjects like Intellectual property, content owners, sovereignty, territoriality, html, data privacy, cyberspace jurisdiction, consumer contracts in the digital world. Simplified explanation is the main goal of this book and the ambition of the author is to share his knowledge with a broad audience.

The intention of this book is to summarise the long course of a researcher in both law and psychology, so that he can learn in a few hours all that I learned in so many years, sacrificing money, time and energy, without forgetting multiple disgraces and disappointments I am a jurist, specialised in law and public administration, graduate of the university of Yaounde 2 soa. I opted for a training in management, option; professional insertion and development of the individual capacities. Graduate of the higher institute of public management, I would like to put my knowledge at the disposal of the young pupils and students in their searches for a future decent employment. Make - good use of it...

Chromium(Cr) is undoubtedly a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metal derived from natural processes and evolution activities such as iron steel, electroplating, aircraft painting, textile manufacturing, cement and dies, and animal skin industries. Due to its harmful nature towards humans and aquatics, it is responsible for diseases related to different body parts like the eyes, respiratory tract, skin, vascular system, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to remove Chromium from waste matter to avoid environmental pollution and to recycle Chromium within the context of the long-term circular economy. Several ways are possible to take away the Chromium from binary compound solutions and industrial effluents. Phenol from the wastewater can be removed by various techniques including biodegradation, photo decomposition and adsorption. This paper presents removal of phenol from synthetic effluent using batch adsorption with leaf litters as new adsorbent. Effects of various parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, particle size on rate of adsorption have been studied and optimum parameters were identified. The present experimental results were compared with the already known conventional activated caron adsorption. Sustainable development of the mankind is the key objective of studies and investigations in science and technology. Chemical and allied industries consume lot of water and produce large amount of liquid effluent. This liquid effluent contaminates groundwater resources. The increasing population and its need for potable water calls for careful use of water. Efforts are being taken by governments and non-government organizations to promote use of water recycling systems. Recycling of domestic and industrial wastewater serves both the purposes. It decreases wastewater disposal problem and also to certain extent helps in decreasing fresh water requirement.

The author demonstrates that in exercising income tax jurisdiction, the state can choose to have a link with the personality of the income-earner within its territory whether or not the income was derived from a source within its territory (residence-based taxation). No universal rules for determining the tax residence of a person (either natural or juristic) for tax purposes apply in all circumstances. Thus, the states have different definitional rules of residence as contained in their respective income tax legislation and as interpreted by their courts. The global economic integration makes taxpayers move freely and exploit ambiguity created by the divergence of the definition of the tax jurisdiction between the States. The book explores the possibility of achieving cooperation amongst the States in delimiting the scope of their substantive and enforcement tax jurisdiction without losing their sovereignty. The cooperation envisioned by this research is a departure from the traditional approach, where the focal point of achieving cooperation is either bilateral or multilateral tax treaties. The author argues that the cooperation could be achieved through comparative analysis of the definition rule to ascertain the level of convergence and divergence and how they could extend mutual respect for each other's tax sovereignty and balance their interests against that of the taxpayers in defining the tax residence. The book uses Nigeria and South Africa as a case study. Nigeria has adopted the residence-based system at the inception of its income tax system, while South Africa initially adopted the source-base system but later switched to the residence-based system.

Low-carbon tourism is an emerging issue of tourism industry and academia in recent years. Previous studies have provided us some reasons that tourists participate in low-carbon travel or not, however, these reasons are scattered in literature and not been integrated into the construct of low-carbon travel motivation or low-carbon travel constraint. Meanwhile, previous studies often designed low-carbon package tours through the perspective of operators, few studies have assisted independent tourists on how to save energy and reduce carbon in travel. Therefore, this book is focused into two parts. The purpose of one part is to draw on tourism related literature, to develop and test the Low-Carbon Travel Motivation and Constraint Scales. The purpose of the other part is to draw on tourism related literature, to develop and test the Low-Carbon Travel Behavior Scale.

Street children: Who are they? Why do they live on the streets? Do they deliberately choose to be homeless? What quality of life do they enjoy? What are the characteristics of these children? These questions appear to be simple, but the answers are extremely complex. In general, street children are those who are deprived of their basic rights and dignity as human beings. They do not have proper education and are extremely vulnerable to all types of exploitation. Street children have complex circumstances and are very vulnerable to exploitation and violence. They lack vital services such as education and healthcare because they are marginalized hence, they are deprived of their right to education because they work to support themselves or their families, so a lot of red tape and bureaucracy will be needed to try to get them into school. Very often the public are uninformed about these children, and they instinctively judge and cast aspersions on them. This book presents a clear understanding about some of the issues that street children encounter daily. With the use of existing literature, it tries to provide a definition and quantify the number of street children globally. It explains the difference between children "on" and "of" the streets and highlights some of the notions of street culture and child abuse. It is the firm view that if the public are more cognizant of the reasons why these children live on the streets, they may be more compassionate. This book does not evoke sensationalism but tries as far as possible to create an awareness of the lifestyle of street children.

This book includes several studies carried out by the author with the collaboration of various authors.The first study titled "The principle of effective demand and the labor market: Theoretical approach of the Kaleckian model of two goods for Ecuador".The second study titled "Paradox of the abundance: Human development and extractivism at global level 2010-2015".The third study titled "Progressive VAT tax reform: Analyzing poverty and inequality in Ecuador".The fourth study titled "Progressive Tax Policies for Companies in Ecuador: Evidence in Survival and Collection".The fifth study title "Labor income gap in Ecuador due to discrimination, pre and post pandemic: correction of error due to selection bias".The sixth study title "Foreign direct investment in Latin America: effects on growth and development, 1996-2017".The seventh study title "Peripheral Industrialization: policies of structural change and economic diversification, a perspective from Ecuador".The final study is titled "Ecuador with a human face: heterodox stabilization policies to face neoliberalism".The author hopes that the studies carried out for Ecuador from the Post Keynesian vision can be replicated in other developing countries. For this reason, the contribution focuses on the importance of showing that there are public policy alternatives for countries to develop, but at the same time this implies political will of the rulers.

The Constitution of India prescribes freedom at six levels under its Article 19, which include speech & expression, religion, education, movement & residence throughout India, peaceful assembly and formation of unions. Coupled with this comes the recognition of the life under Article 21, which stands as a broad umbrella to incorporate any and all rights bearing sufficient nexus to the notion of life, the most contemporary ones being the right to privacy and the right to speedy trial. This book looks into contemporary legal issues surrounding multi-faceted implementation of freedom vis-a-vis the Indian Constitution. Undertaking a doctrinal approach and reform oriented research, the questions highlighted are The Right to Speedy Trial, The Right to Privacy, Whistleblowing and the Right to access legitimate information and Parliamentary Privileges vis-a-vis Good Governance. The book identifies multiple questions surrounding rights associated with the questions highlighted, and undertakes a legislative and judicial analysis of the surrounding aspects to identify the way forward for effective enforcement and implementation of the rights in question.

The book consists of two studies. The first of them attempts to find the relationship between women's educational enrollment and their workforce participation rate in Bangladesh. Specifically, the study investigates how women's enrollment in schools influence their participation rate in the national workforce. To test the relationship between female education and workforce attendance, the authors have used secondary data from (World Development Index) WDI to run simple linear regressions to find out the nature of the relationship between the relevant factors. The results indicate to a positive impact of women's enrollment rate in the female labour force participation rate. The study has also found a positive relationship between women's cash income and their participation rate in the workforce. In the second study, the authors have tried to investigate the factors that affect trade among the following countries: KSA, Qatar, and UAE. They have tried to explore factors such as the size of the economy and the geographical distance between them, and find out their influence, if any, on trade. The study is based on the Gravity Model of international trade that postulates that trade between countries are positively related to the size of the economy and negatively related to the geographical distance between their borders. The aim of the study is to test the theory based on the trade data and find out whether the model fits the real-world data. While the findings may be endemic, it was found that the trading patterns between countries contradict the findings of the Gravity Model.

The general theory of relativity has allowed a better understanding of the structure of the universe. One of the fundamental problems in the general relativity is finding exact solutions of the Einstein field equations. Some solutions found fundamental applications ins astrophysics, cosmology and more recently in the developments inspired by string theory. Different mathematical formulations that allow to solve Einstein´s field equations have been used to describe the behaviour of objects submitted to strong gravitational fields known as neutron stars, quasars, and white dwarfs. General relativity also allows the analysis, through Einstein's gravity theory, of different cosmological scenarios as the existence of dark energy, dark matter, Phantom and Quintessence fields that were introduced to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity or structure that exists in the universe. In this book, our main goal is to inform latest knowledge about stellar objects and its importance in both astrophysics and knowledge of Cosmology. One of the most advantages about writing this book is to make a connection between mathematical formulation of these phenomena associated with its practical and applied concepts in the universe. The study of stellar objects helps to understand more concepts in the universe such as the reason and nature of forming Black holes and other related aspects in Astronomy and generally in cosmology. We study about stars and their nature. Also, we make a connection between concept of stellar objects with whole concepts of General relativity presented by Albert Einstein.