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Green Materials in Civil Engineering provides a comprehensive resource for practitioners to learn more about the utilization of these materials in civil engineering, as well as their practical applications. Novel green materials such as fly ash, slag, fiber-reinforced concrete and soil, smart materials, biological materials, and waste materials such as mineral wastes, building and demolition waste, recycled asphalt, coal gangue and industrial by-products are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on understanding the qualities, selection criteria, products and applications, durability, life cycle, and recyclability of these materials. The book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists, and civil engineers who are working in the development of construction materials, utilization of waste, and other fine by-products in the production of concrete and other construction materials.

Chitosan-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials focuses on chitosan, an abundantly occurring biopolymer, to present possibilities for the removal of contaminants and a greener approach towards a cleaner environment - combining nanotechnology with the deployment of naturally occurring materials to remedy environmental challenges. This book fills research gaps and what is known about chitosan-based nanomaterials. Considering the importance of naturally occurring materials with the applied knowledge of nanotechnology in the field of environmental restoration, this book is an ideal resource for interested parties and career professionals.

Functionalized Magnetic Nanosystems for Diagnostic Tools and Devices: Current and Emerging Research Trends explores the various aspects of functionalization of magnetic nanosystems in great detail, providing a thorough review of the associated benefits and challenges. The book begins with an overview of each key pillar for the design and application of functionalized magnetic nanosystems, from the synthesis, processing methods, and characterization techniques, to biocompatibility and toxicity considerations. Later chapters focus on specific nanomaterials and targeted biomedical applications, including point-of-care diagnosis, cancer therapy, medical imaging, biosensing and more. Importance is given to the safety considerations, environmental, legal and ethical implications, and commercial aspects of functionalized magnetic nanosystems, thus providing guidance relevant for advancing research into clinical practice.

Environmentally friendly sustainable biocomposites are obtained by using reinforcing agents, including natural fibers, particulates, nanomaterials, and polymer matrices, where at least one of these components is bio-based. Advances in Biocomposites and their Applications presents a detailed review of the latest progress in this important research field. The book begins with a brief introduction to the various types of reinforcing agents that are used for fabricating biocomposites. Processing and fabrication methods are then discussed in detail as well as their important mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological properties. The book then goes on to discuss various mechanisms that can be used to improve these properties as well as various fields of application, including those in automotive, aerospace, marine, building materials, biomaterials, electrical, and electronic engineering sectors. The economic impact, safety, toxicity, and future directions for these materials are also discussed in detail. The book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists, and engineers, and all those working in the fields of polymer science, composite materials, and biocomposites.

Urban Risk Management in China: Principles, Methods and Practices discusses the management of urban risk, the practical application of risk prevention, and the practice of control in the industry. Urban risk management is an emerging and interdisciplinary research field, and this book meets the urgent need to identify, analyze, and summarize urban risks and management difficulties that are experienced worldwide, especially in metropolitan cities. With rapid and large-scale urbanization, China's urban management experience in facing a series of comprehensive challenges provides a helpful way forward for urban planners around the world.This book clarifies the concept of urban risk, which includes urban land use, housing, infrastructure construction, economic and social development, and environmental protection, with an aim of analyzing the obstacles to urban risk management, forming a cognitive framework, organizing the practice of urban risk management, and finally forming a workable urban risk management system.

Computational Phytochemistry, Second Edition, explores how recent advances in computational techniques and methods have been embraced by phytochemical researchers to enhance many of their operations, refocusing and expanding the possibilities of phytochemical studies. By applying computational aids and mathematical models to extraction, isolation, structure determination, and bioactivity testing, researchers can obtain highly detailed information about phytochemicals and optimize working approaches. This book aims to support and encourage researchers currently working with or looking to incorporate computational methods into their phytochemical work. Topics in this book include computational methods for predicting medicinal properties, optimizing extraction, isolating plant secondary metabolites, and building dereplicated phytochemical libraries. The roles of high-throughput screening, spectral data for structural prediction, plant metabolomics, and biosynthesis are all reviewed before the application of computational aids for assessing bioactivities and virtual screening is discussed. Illustrated with detailed figures and supported by practical examples, this book is an indispensable guide for all those involved with the identification, extraction, and application of active agents from natural products. This new edition captures remarkable advancements in mathematical modeling and computational methods that have been incorporated in phytochemical research, addressing, e.g., extraction, isolation, structure determination, and bioactivity testing of phytochemicals.

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products.

Eco-efficient Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Infrastructures, Second Edition provides an updated, state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in this important research field. The first section is brought fully up-to-date and focuses on deterioration assessment methods. The second section contains brand new chapters on innovative concrete repair and rehabilitation materials, including fly ash-based alkali-activated repair materials for concrete exposed to aggressive environments, retrofitting of concrete structures with biomaterials, and the assessment of concrete after repair operations and durability of concrete repair. The final section has been revised to include new chapters on climate change’s influence and life cycle assessment (LCA). These chapters include deterioration of concrete infrastructure due to climate change, influence of climate change on bridge deterioration, probabilistic modeling of chloride diffusion in repaired reinforced concrete structures, and LCA of concrete repaired with recycled aggregates.

The eighth edition of this seminal guide is designed to support public health practitioners in keeping up-to-date amid the rapidly changing, complex challenges and contexts facing population health in the twenty-first century. Suitable for both undergraduates and postgraduates across a range of professions, the Practical Guide provides theories, principles and competencies for effective health promotion in multiple settings. The book is organised into three parts, covering an overview of the public health landscape, the essentials of planning and management, and how to develop capabilities across a range of activities. The text has been fully updated to examine new issues facing public health, including restructuring of the UK sector post-European Union; COVID-19 and its public health impact and legacy; economic and cost of living influences on population health; and the role of the internet and social media misinformation. Includes promotion of healthier living, working with communities and effective communicationOutlines new research on the comparative effectiveness of different approaches to health promotion and public health practiceExplores the increasing influence of the internet, both in terms of its use for health promotion and its negative influence on wellbeing and healthDescribes changes to the structure and organisation of public health in the UK, including the latest policies and national strategies Accessible writing style - makes it easy to learn and rememberCase studies bring theory to lifePractice points help readers structure studyLatest evidence on the response to the COVID-19 pandemic - a permeating theme throughout the bookAll policy sections updated to reflect current policy frameworks and agendasNew health data plus recent research on the comparative effectiveness of different approaches to health promotion and public health practiceAll case studies replaced with current scenarios; more global examples of public health and health promotion actionFully updated references and practice examples

Nanohybrid Fungicides: New Frontiers in Plant Pathology - addresses new nanohybrid fungicides and the opportunities that nanoagrochemicals can provide. Organized into two parts, this book addresses the types of nanohybrid fungicides and general applications, commercialization, and remediation. Furthermore, nanohybrid fungicides represent an exciting new frontier in plant pathology. Their ability to enhance the efficacy of conventional fungicides, boost plant defense mechanisms, and reduce environmental impact makes them a promising tool for sustainable disease management in agriculture. Further research and development are necessary to overcome the existing challenges and fully harness the potential of nanohybrid. Plant scientists, plant pathologists, agriculture and food scientists, and professionals and students working in related fields will all benefit from this timely resource.

Blue Energy Extraction Using Salinity Gradients: A Critical Evaluation of Case Studies presents a collection of case studies on real-world power plants from around the world that involve sustainable energy extraction via salinity gradients. Using real-world examples, the book explains and demonstrates the fundamentals, technologies, processes, and application of salinity gradient energy extraction methods, while also offering practical solutions. The book provides an overview of the fundamentals and technologies of salinity gradient energy, with each chapter analyzing a real-world salinity gradient power plant from a different region of the world. Examples from developed and developing economies on three continents are covered. For each case study, key aspects of performance are evaluated, and benefits and operational challenges are discussed. Validated mathematical models are also included to improve readers understanding of how to control operating parameters.

Nanotechnology for Hydrogen Production and Storage: Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces presents an evaluation of the various nano-based systems for hydrogen generation and storage. With a focus on challenges and recent developments, the book analyzes nanomaterials with the potential to boost hydrogen production and improve storage. It assesses the potential improvements to industrially important hydrogen production technologies by way of better surface-interface control through nanostructures of strategical composites of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, plasmonic metals, conducting polymers, carbonaceous materials, and bio-interfaces with different types of algae and bacteria. In addition, the efficiency of various photochemical water splitting processes to generate renewable hydrogen energy are reviewed, with a focus on natural water splitting via photosynthesis, and the use of various metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials in anthropogenic/artificial water splitting processes is analyzed. Finally, the potential of nanomaterials in enhancing hydrogen generation in dark- and photo-fermentative organisms is explored, along with various nano-based systems for hydrogen generation and associated significant challenges and advances in biohydrogen research and development.

Emerging Contaminants: Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment provides a thorough, comprehensive, and interdisciplinary overview of the many categories of emerging pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, insecticides, personal care items, and industrial chemicals, that are currently impacting the environment. With insights into the exposure associated consequences on crops and edible plants, this book is designed to enable foundational understanding as the basis for future research, as well as providing practical application guidance in current environments. Water resource shortages, declining arable land, environmental contamination with different exiting or ECs, shortcomings in the procedures for protecting cultivated land, and inefficiencies in the management of land tenure rights continue to pose challenges for agricultural sustainable development around the world. This book focuses on the impacts of ECs on sustainable agricultural production and explores possible response approaches. Following an introduction to environmental contaminants, this book discusses their fate in soils, presents the most up-to-date analytical methods for detecting them in different environmental matrices, and addresses current regulatory restrictions. Finally, this book ends with a chapter dedicated to conclusions and future perspectives. Emerging Contaminants is an ideal resource for researchers and professionals from a variety of sciences including agricultural, plant, and environmental.

Understanding the Tensile Properties of Concrete: In Statistics and Dynamics, Second Edition summarizes recent research on this important subject. After an introduction to concrete, the book is divided into two distinct parts. Part One starts with a summary chapter on the most important parameters that affect the tensile response of concrete. Chapters show how multiscale modeling is used to relate concrete composition to tensile properties. Part Two focuses on dynamic response and starts with an introduction to the different regimes of dynamic loading, ranging from low frequency loading by wind or earthquakes to extreme dynamic conditions due to explosions and ballistic impacts. Following chapters review dynamic testing techniques and devices that deal with the various regimes of dynamic loading. Later chapters highlight the dynamic behavior of concrete from different viewpoints, and the book ends with a chapter on practical examples of how detailed knowledge on tensile properties is used by engineers in structural applications. Drawing on the work of some of the leading experts in the field, the book is fully updated and will be a valuable reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those researching this important material.

Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: Degradation Mechanism, Health Estimation, and Lifetime Prediction examines the electrochemical nature of lithium-ion batteries, including battery degradation mechanisms and how to manage the battery state of health (SOH) to meet the demand for sustainable development of electric vehicles. With extensive case studies, methods and applications, the book provides practical, step-by-step guidance on battery tests, degradation mechanisms, and modeling and management strategies. The book begins with an overview of Li-ion battery aging and battery aging tests before discussing battery degradation mechanisms and methods for analysis. Further methods are then presented for battery state of health estimation and battery lifetime prediction, providing a range of case studies and techniques. The book concludes with a thorough examination of lifetime management strategies for electric vehicles, making it an essential resource for students, researchers, and engineers needing a range of approaches to tackle battery degradation in electric vehicles.

Aging and Durability of FRP Composites and Nanocomposites focuses on the latest developments in durability and long-term aging studies of composite materials, especially those used in civil and structural engineering applications. The book will be a valuable reference resource for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about the long-term service life and durability behavior of composites under different environmental conditions. The usage of composites is a broad and growing area of scientific research, especially in developed and developing countries. These materials are used in a broad range of applications in both structural and civil engineering sectors. In many of these applications, FRPs are exposed to one or more environmental influences, so they need to be designed to meet durability requirements to withstand even the harshest of environments.

Smart Metering: Infrastructure, Methodologies, Applications and Challenges combines the fundamentals of smart meters in smart grids with the latest advances and technologies in advanced smart infrastructure. With a strong focus on practical guidance and applications, this book examines the design and implementation of smart meters, as well as cybersecurity and data management challenges. Following an introduction to smart grid architecture, the book details design elements of smart meters to enable them for specific applications such as recording the energy consumption of users, load forecasting, resilience enhancement and energy theft detection. A deep dive into smart meter data analytics is then presented, accompanied by load forecasting methods and their advantages and challenges. Subsequent chapters also discuss outage management, fault identification and other applications of smart meters, including power network connection verifications. This is a comprehensive resource on smart metering and a valuable read to students, researchers and engineers interested in power systems engineering, smart grids, and smart energy technologies.

Geotechnical Interpretations in Field Practice: An Introduction provides the latest on field test results and theoretical knowledge, interpretation and engineering judgement and how this data is essential for proper planning and execution of ground investigations. Maximum subsurface information can be extracted with lesser budget if proper interpretation is made. In other words, no amount of site investigation is adequate without proper interpretation and application of engineering judgement. With this in consideration in mind, this book presents a special focus on the importance of interpretation and engineering judgment in geotechnical projects.

Provides a fully organized, comprehensive, and holistic analysis of the impact of urban overheating, mitigation, and adaptation on energy, health, environmental quality, survivability, quality of life, and economy Mitigation and Adaptation of Urban Overheating aims to analyze and present all existing relative studies to investigate the global magnitude and characteristics of the ambient temperature drop and the reduction of the heat burden resulting from modified climate conditions due to the implementation of urban mitigation and adaptation technologies and policies. This book will discuss urban overheating, urban heat mitigation, governance, anthropogenic heat emissions, adaptation and adaptation technologies, and their impacts on urban environmental quality, urban health, energy supply and demand, low-income and aged populations, and the economy of cities. This book incorporates recent developments on urban climatology, urban overheating, mitigation, and adaptation technologies.

Securing Integrated Transportation Networks provides a comprehensive look at multimodal transportation security-its dynamics, evolving threats, and technology advances that enhance operational security and related infrastructure protection and hardening, as well as the regulatory environment. As threats are evolving, so is the technology used in enhancing transportation security, operational procedures, and regulations. This book addresses this dynamic evolution of transportation security, serving as a primary reference for information on the range of activities and components involved in transportation security. It covers the myriad parts involved in the relationship between, and among, logistics, the supply chains and transportation entities, and more. In addition, it looks at operations, infrastructure, equipment, laws and regulations, policies and procedures, and risk focused on transportation safety and security by mode and transportation in general. Cooperation and partnering with and among the industry, to include transportation providers and government agencies, is the way forward to ensure that security is maintained and keeps pace with the evolving threat and regulatory landscape.

With its straightforward writing style and extraordinary breadth of content, Physiology in Childbearing is an ideal textbook for students of midwifery wanting to master the physiology of pregnancy, childbirth, the neonate and breastfeeding. This popular book has been fully updated to incorporate new knowledge and guidelines, and has a stronger focus on diversity. It covers basic biochemistry, cellular biology, genetics and fertility, as well as embryology and fetal growth, the physiology of pregnancy, and complications of labour. It then goes on to examine the neonate, infant feeding and bio-behavioural aspects of parenting. The complexities of this fundamental topic area are explained with boxes of key points, full colour diagrams and images, and tips on applying content to practice, making this book a must-have for students and practising midwives alike. Covers everything midwives need to know about physiology - comprehensive content suitable for both training and practising midwives Easy to read with straightforward language - ideal for students to master difficult concepts Clear, full-colour diagrams and images bring theory to life Demystifies basic biochemistry, cellular biology and genetics for those who have no prior knowledge of these subject areas Evidence-based approach to improve safety and quality of care for mothers and babies, both in the developed world and those countries where the provision of adequate care remains limited Helps the reader apply theory to practice, including how to recognise pathology and help prevent morbidity and mortality 'Main Points' boxes and online question bank with downloadable image collection to support learning Full colour artwork program Expanded information and clinical application boxes covering the diverse populations and cultures using maternity care The RCOG PROMPT manual, current NMC and NICE guidelines integrated throughout Key issues highlighted the current MBRRACE report are emphasised Self-assessment multiple choice question bank on Evolve platform

This expert guide offers a new approach to physiotherapy education. It supports you to formulate your own approach to different scenarios, then compare this with what the experts say - helping you learn the facts and how to problem solve at the same time! More than 50 chapters cover a wide variety of topics that physiotherapists will come across in practice, including the ICU, paediatrics, women's health and disability scenarios. Each presents a case study and asks you to develop a diagnosis and treatment plan, followed by the expert view at the end of each case. The Student Physiotherapist's Companion is produced by some of the UK's leading physiotherapy experts including consultants, academics, managers and clinical interest groups, many of them writing about scenarios that do not appear in any other textbook. More than 50 chapters written by experts in their field Written with physiotherapy students in mind - addresses your specific needs Illustrations support understanding Varied case studies help to develop a wide range of expertise across different settings

Practical, brief, and easy to understand, Rowan's Primer of EEG, 3rd Edition, teaches the difficult technical aspects of how to perform and interpret EEGs. Direct, concise text, numerous illustrations and teaching points, and an extensive video library make this up-to-date reference a valuable resource for students, residents, neurologists, and epileptologists alike. Features a vibrant, full-color design and brief, to-the-point text from experts in the field. Discusses advances in the field such as intracranial EEG and quantitative EEG in the ICU. Includes dozens of videos detailing clinical descriptions of seizures and EEG interpretation, both with and without annotations, so you can practice reading EEGs firsthand and then learn from the annotations. Offers enhanced coverage of epilepsy syndromes with a quick-access chart highlighting age of onset, prognosis, clinical characteristics, and EEG characteristics. Contains pediatric content and a concise chart of the EEG changes throughout the neonatal period. Provides self-assessment questions and answers online for each chapter. Uses the recently updated nomenclature from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. Any additional digital ancillary content may publish up to 6 weeks following the publication date.

The Metaverse and Smart Cities: Urban Environments in the Age of Digital Connectivity explores the intersection between the rapidly growing metaverse and the future of cities. The metaverse is a virtual world that is increasingly gaining attention as a new frontier for human interaction and commerce. At the same time, cities are undergoing significant transformation as they face challenges such as population growth, urbanization, and environmental degradation. Urban planners and city administrators will find valuable insights on how the metaverse can be integrated into the planning and development of smart, sustainable, and future cities. The book begins with an introduction to the concepts and technology of the metaverse as well as its history. It then sheds light on the current and future challenges and opportunities that the metaverse presents to cities and the quality of life of urban dwellers. It delves into the ways in which the metaverse can change cities, both in terms of their physical and virtual environments, and the impact it can have on the lives of those who live in them. It brings together the latest research and perspectives from experts in the fields of virtual reality, urban planning, and sustainability, to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of this rapidly evolving field.

Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes: Emerging Technologies for Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspectives provides a holistic overview on the recent advances and challenges associated with pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) removal from water and wastewater. The book covers advanced remediation technologies such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microalgae, and hybrid technologies, and focuses on the environmental sustainability of each technology, using lifecycle assessment.This book will help students and researchers in carrying out research on further advancements in the field, also helping them apply this to the real-world conditions.

Stimuli-responsive Actuating Materials for Micro-robotics examines the latest stimuli-responsive actuating materials with high potential for applications in microrobotics. The material science, functionalities, performance, and synthesis of these materials are reviewed. Then, the common enabling technologies for material and signal integration such as 3/4D printing and interface engineering, and chemo-mechanics modeling of the materials are discussed. Finally, there is a chapter that looks at the prospects of materials for micro-robotics, including case studies for specific applications such as self-folding origami robots and robots for micro-surgery. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners working in the subject areas of materials science and engineering.

Earth Observation: Sustainable Development Perspectives offers expert insights into the latest progress made in terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric processes, and their inter-linkage in the face of changing climate using earth observation. Reviewing contemporary research, this volume addresses various challenges faced in agricultural research and education, crop production forecasting, agroforestry, floriculture, horticulture, crop insurance and marine resources utilization for sustainable development in the warming world. The editors examine the advances made in understanding the changing dynamics of various ecosystems such as land use, water resources, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. In addition, the book addresses ocean-atmosphere interactions, modes of climate variations such as, El Nino and Indian Ocean dipole, extreme events, tropical cyclone, summer monsoon and distribution of organic matter and interlinks among various ocean-atmosphere phenomena. The use of advanced data sets, measurements techniques, modeling and analytics protocols, analyses methods and interpretations are also discussed.

Occurrence and Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Organic Wastes and Their Control Strategies provides updated information on the occurrence, monitoring, and behavior of emerging contaminants discharged into the environment from different anthropogenic activities as well as organic wastes management practices, which can be beneficial in classifying and broadly addressing the assessment, treatment, disposal, and management of organic wastes. This book covers the occurrences of nanoparticles, microplastics, antibiotic resistance genes, disinfection by-products, medical waste, pharmaceutical and personal care products, and other emerging contaminants discharged in different types of organic wastes. Researchers, scientists, graduate, and postgraduate students will find this book to be a timely contribution that will be useful in identifying and comprehensively addressing occurrence and behavior of emerging contaminants in organic wastes.

Introduction to Solid State Chemistry provides a strong background to the structures of solids, along with the factors that determine this structure. The content presented stresses the transformations of solids, both in physical forms and chemical composition. In so doing, topics such as phase transitions, sintering, reactions of coordination compounds, and photovoltaic compounds are described, with kinetics and mechanisms of solid state reactions also covered. This book provides the chemistry of solids, structures of solids, the behavior of solids under applied stresses, the types of reactions that solids undergo, and the phenomenological aspects of reactions in solids. Kinetics of reactions in solids is very seldom covered in current literature and an understanding of the mechanisms of reactions in solids is necessary for many applications. James E. House provides a balanced treatment of structure, dynamics, and behavior of solids at a level commensurate with upper-level undergraduates or beginning graduate students who wish to obtain an introduction and overview to solid state chemistry.

Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Toxic Elements and Environmentally-Related Pollutants highlights the recent technological advancements of sensing applications for a variety of toxic elements and pollutants using small and supra-molecular materials as advanced chemical sensors. During the past decade, there has been an increasing amount of research on the detection of these pollutants due to the growing awareness of environmental contamination. This book focuses on increasing scientific and technological awareness in order to tackle pollutants arising from various industrial and biotechnological sectors. In addition, the book discusses the most advanced industrial scale sensing materials and addresses current challenges during manufacturing and application. It will be a valuable reference source for materializing the synthesis of predesigned small and supramolecular fluorescent sensors of interest by presenting different strategies that can serve as a promising tool for researchers.