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Heat Transfer Enhancement in Chemical Processes combines process technologies with heat exchange equipment to study heat transfer enhancement. The book provides guidance for the progress of process technologies and the application of enhanced heat transfer equipment. It analyzes the basic principles of heat transfer and summarizes the theories and methods of heat transfer enhancement, while also focusing on three representative processes in petrochemical industry, including oil refining, aromatics, and ethylene production. The book summarizes in a systematical way the practical application of heat transfer enhancement in the petrochemical industry, from the equipment components, the processes, and the whole plant.

Nanozymes: Approachable Bio-applications provides an in-depth overview of nanozymes, with a special focus on nanozymes synthesis and their various applications in biological sciences. The book starts with introductory chapters exploring the enzymatic mechanism of nanozymes and providing the concept of engineering to surface modification to achieve enhanced nanozymatic properties. Subsequent chapters focus on the application of nanozymes in many different fields, including biomedical science, agriculture, environmental science and more.This work is an important reference source for worldwide materials scientists and researchers interested on the resent developments, challenges, and future directions of nanozymes research.

Emerging Developments in Constructed Wetlands aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information on recent trends and advances in the domain of constructed wetlands. The book contains consolidated insights into distinctive research areas with application potential and commercialization possibilities. It also offers access to updated fundamental knowledge, current trends, and research advances worthy of potential implementations in the field. Although there has been significant research progress in the domain of constructed wetlands over the last years, there is no book available with actual case studies to meet growing demands.

Bacterial Enzymes as Targets for Drug Discovery: Meeting the Challenges of Antibiotic Resistance addresses the gap between medical microbiology, structural biology, and genomic science in the development of new antibacterial drug development. This book consolidates detailed profiling of bacterial target enzyme families for the drug discovery process and methodologies for use and validation of the potential drug targets. The contents cover the foundations of the antibiotic drug discovery process and focus on bacterial enzymes as drug targets, building across these disciplines to provide a comprehensive resource in bacterial structural biology and genomics. This is the ideal reference for antibiotic drug discovery researchers in the pharma industry and academia. Biochemists, microbiologists, and medicinal chemists will also benefit from this books’ content.

Bio Refinery of Wastewater Treatment: Way to Generate Waste to Value focuses on the exploitation of various wastewater treatment technologies and microbial, chemical, and physical processes as tools for simultaneous value generation during treatment, degradation, detoxification, and stabilization of toxic and hazardous contaminants and restoring contaminated sites. The book provides recents advancements in integrative and cost-effective wastewater treatment strategies and stipulates all pros and cons of each strategy. Bio Refinery of Wastewater Treatment: Way to Generate Waste to Value is valuable to researchers and scientists, who are working in the field of effluent treatment plants/biodegradation of environmental contaminants for environmental protection and sustainable development.

Handbook of Neural Engineering: A Modern Approach provides a comprehensive overview of the field from biology to recent technological advances through an interdisciplinary lens. The book is divided into three sections: 1) Biological Considerations for Neural Engineering, 2) Neural Engineering Strategies, and 3) Emerging Technologies for Neural Engineering. It provides the first comprehensive text that addresses this combination of subjects. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis, represent an enormous healthcare burden, and many of these diseases lack true cures, making it imperative to study the biological systems that become disordered to understand potential treatment options. This book covers the basic neurobiology and physiology, common neural engineering strategies, and emerging technologies in this field. It is designed to support an upper year/graduate elective course in neural engineering, and will provide a foundational overview of the field for interdisciplinary researchers, clinicians, engineers, and industry professionals. The handbook provides readers with a strong base in both biological and engineering principles along with the concepts necessary to implement solutions using Neural Engineering.

Modern systems have become increasingly complex to design and build, while the demand for reliability and cost-effective enhancement continues. Robust international competition has further intensified the need for all designers, managers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers to ensure a level of reliability of their products and processes before release at the lowest cost. Developments in Reliability Engineering equips its audience with the necessary information to keep up with the latest original research and state-of-the-art advances in reliability engineering. The volume offers an excursus from historical theories and methods to the present-world practical utility of these concepts with worked-out examples.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Scientific Approach to Healthy Ageing and Optimized Nutrition looks at the biochemistry of long chain fatty acids and their importance to health, well-being, and the reduction of inflammation in the body. Divided into two parts, the book first explains the history, chemical background, and physiological pathways of how EPA and DHA influence our inflammatory response and their importance as structural building blocks within our cell membranes. Readers will learn about increasing the anti-inflammatory effects from polyunsaturated-fatty-acid intake by combining Omega-3s and Omega-6s, as well as the differences, safety aspects, nutritional values of plant Omegas verse animal Omegas.In additions, sections will update on the benefits of different Omega fatty acids derived from various food sources such as seeds, fish, eggs, and nuts. Part Two is dedicated to healthy aging and discusses the results of numerous clinical trials and mechanisms of action that address heart, immune, bone, muscle, cognitive, and vision health. Readers will gain insight to methods of sustainable sourcing to ensure maximum benefits and optimized nutrition.

Provide comprehensive primary care for the growing number of children with chronic conditions. Featuring contributions from more than 50 expert nurse practitioners and their interprofessional colleagues, Primary Care of Children with Chronic Conditions offers expert guidance on the management of children with special needs and their families. Comprehensive coverage presents the most current knowledge and insights available on these specific conditions, including information on the COVID-19 pandemic. This valuable resource helps providers improve pediatric care for chronic conditions and addresses the need for transitional care to adulthood and the issues and gaps in healthcare that may hinder the quality of care for this unique population. The only book authored by Nurse Practitioners and their colleagues focusing on managing the primary health care needs of children with chronic conditions. More than 50 expert contributors provide the most current information available on specific conditions. Comprehensive summary boxes at the end of chronic conditions chapters provide at-a-glance access to key information. Full-color format enhances readability and highlights key information for quick access. Up-to-date references ensure access to the most current, evidence-based coverage with the latest research findings and management protocols.

In this issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Peter A. Lee and John S. Fuqua bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Precocious and Delayed Puberty Revisited. Top experts provide practical discussions of physical evidence of early or late pubertal development, offering a reasonable approach to patients presenting with these chief complaints.Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including normal puberty; isolated vaginal bleeding before the onset of puberty; diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of males with CPP; hormone therapy during infancy or early childhood: has the time come?; and more.Provides in-depth clinical reviews on precocious and delayed puberty, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Urban Computing and Artificial Intelligence: A Data-Driven Tool for Urban Heat Mitigation is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on climate change, urban warming, and the future of resilient cities. The book helps city governments better understand how to plan for the effects of climate change and impending natural disasters. It compiles the concepts, strategies, and technologies associated with resilient cities, and provides an outline of what constitutes climate change and its behavior relating to urban systems. Finally, the book develops a comprehensive concept for the future resiliency of cities related to hydro-climatology and extreme events. Next, it explains the physical principles governing the formation of distinct hydro-climatology and resilient cities, and then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of swift and haphazard urban development (energy, peak electricity demand, health, comfort, economy, and environment) and help to create more sustainable and resilient cities for the future. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged growing field, this timely book fulfils the need to bring together the disparate parts of urban climate research in global cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students, researchers, and policymakers in the fields of urban climate, urban architecture and planning, environmental engineering, urban design, and redevelopment.

In this issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics, guest editor Leslie Altimier, DNP, RNC, NE-BC, brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Neonatal Nursing: Clinical Concepts and Practice Implications, Part 2. Top experts provide clinical reviews covering prenatal bonding, optimizing family-centered care, neonatal pain, palliative care, language developments in infants, and much more, with a focus on best practices and improving patient outcomes.Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including neuroprotective infant and family centered developmental care for the tiniest NICU babies: perspectives from the team; new opioids, psychoactive drugs, and synthetic marijuana; neonatal abstinence syndrome and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome; best practices to support maternal mental health during the transition from NICU to home; parental views about autopsy, organ donation, and research donation; and more.Provides in-depth clinical reviews on neonatal nursing, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Drs. David K. Stevenson and Gary M. Shaw, along with research scientist Ron J. Wong, bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Preterm Birth. Preterm birth is the leading cause of death among children, with one million children dying due to preterm birth before the age of five years. This issue is a key resource for perinatologists who seek to predict and improve outcomes for preterm births, providing actionable clinical information in hopes of reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to end all preventable deaths of newborns and children aged under five years by 2030.Contains 15 practice-oriented topics including genomics of preterm birth; predicting preterm birth using proteomics; predicting preterm birth using the microbiome; predicting preterm birth using the immunome; a new taxonomy of preterm birth; and more.Provides in-depth clinical reviews of preterm birth, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Use this study tool to prepare for success in your courses and certification exams! Written by and for veterinary technicians, Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition provides complete preparation for the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE®) as well as other state/provincial examinations in veterinary technology. An easy-to-read outline format breaks down and simplifies important information, and hundreds of review questions in the book and on the Evolve website help you assess your understanding of the material. Realistic practice exams help you polish your test-taking skills. From experienced educators Monica Tighe and Marg Brown, this book is also ideal for vet tech graduates who need a quick, everyday reference.Review of all areas of the veterinary technology curriculum is mapped to VTNE® domains, tasks, and knowledge statements.Streamlined outline format makes content easy to read and simplifies the classification and grouping of the material.Comprehensive, full-color coverage includes all areas of veterinary technology, such as A&P, clinical sciences, diagnostics, restraint and handling, animal nutrition, pharmacology and anesthesia, and professional and practice management skills.Comprehensive 350-question test in the book includes an answer key and provides a solid review of the vet tech curriculum and the information you need to know to pass the VTNE. Coverage of dogs, cats, large animals, birds, reptiles, and laboratory animals ensures you are prepared for all aspects of the national board examination.Learning features include chapter outlines, key terms, learning objectives, a glossary, summary boxes and tables, and end-of-chapter review questions.Online practice exam engine on the Evolve website simulates the computer-based VTNE testing environment with 500 questions (three times the number on the exam), allowing you to take a timed mock examination or to study in quiz mode and to randomize test questions, receive instant feedback, and obtain test scores.Practical appendices include abbreviations and symbols, the metric system and equivalents, medical terminology, species names, and normal values.NEW! New photos and illustrations make it easier to understand and recognize essential concepts including histology, hematology, diagnostic microbiology and mycology, virology, urinalysis, and parasitology.NEW! Discussion and review questions throughout the book are thoroughly reviewed and updated by experts in the field.

Bio-derived Carbon Nanostructures: Fundamentals, Synthesis and Applications explores the entire journey, from selecting the right source materials to crafting them into precisely engineered carbon nanostructures with a purpose.Opening with an exploration of raw materials and their structural intricacies, offering readers a profound insight into the transformation of bio-based resources into highly functional carbon nanostructures. These remarkable materials find applications that span energy, environmental solutions, catalysis, and innovative additives. Unveiling the latest technological advancements, this book delves into the exciting realm of emerging applications and the challenges of scaling up these technologies for widespread use. These novel materials originate from nature, promising a sustainable future.Ideal for students, researchers and those in industry focusing on materials science and biomass utilization, and chemical engineers, this book is the key to unlocking the potential of novel carbon-based nanomaterials for a sustainable tomorrow.

This book is designed to help you become one of the few applicants to get into a highly competitive medicine degree, based on the insights of over 300 medical students across 32 UK medical schools. Written in a clear and engaging style, the Unofficial Guide offers unique content to help you stand out from the crowd with useful tips and information at every stage of the process. It demystifies what you can expect from the degree, talks you though writing the application, covers what you need to know (and appear to know) for the interview, and provides a full guide to exam preparation. Updated to incorporate recent post-COVID changes to the admission process, and full of real-life examples from those who have succeeded before you, this will be a much-cherished companion for every would-be doctor. Unique, highly relevant and inspirational content, all based on real-life experiencesComplete approach that focuses on every aspect of getting into medical schoolWritten by doctors and medical students - full of tips and tricks that workImprove your application - covers what admission tutors are looking for when making their selectionBlitz the interview - strategies and techniques, the top 120 most commonly encountered questions, plus all the extra-curricular background reading requiredAce your entrance exams - 20-hour preparation strategyWrite a fantastic personal statement - step-by-step support using previous successful examplesGraduate medicine applications and dedicated section for international studentsIncludes a section dedicated to international studentsContent updated to include post-COVID changes to the processMore real-life examplesHow to select the best medical school to increase your chancesNew diagrams

Computation and Modeling for Fractional Order Systems provides readers with problem-solving techniques for obtaining exact and/or approximate solutions of governing equations arising in fractional dynamical systems presented using various analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical methods. Various analytical/semi-analytical/numerical methods are applied for solving real-life fractional order problems. The comprehensive descriptions of different recently developed fractional singular, non-singular, fractal-fractional, and discrete fractional operators, along with computationally efficient methods, are included for the reader to understand how these may be applied to real-world systems, and a wide variety of dynamical systems such as deterministic, stochastic, continuous, and discrete are addressed. Fractional calculus has gained increasing popularity and relevance over the last few decades, due to its well-established applications in various fields of science and engineering. It deals with the differential and integral operators with non-integral powers. Fractional differential equations are the pillar of various systems occurring in a wide range of science and engineering disciplines, namely physics, chemical engineering, mathematical biology, financial mathematics, structural mechanics, control theory, circuit analysis, and biomechanics, among others.

Nanofluids: Preparation, Applications and Simulation Methods provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in this important research field. Different approaches for preparing some remarkable families of nanofluids such as aluminum oxide-based nanofluids, CuO/Cu-based nanofluids, carbon nanotubes/graphene-based nanofluids, ZnO-based nanofluids, Fe3O4 based nanofluids, and SiO2 based nanofluids are discussed in detail , along with their current and potential applications. Different approaches for numerical, semi-analytical, and analytical simulations are also discussed, including the Lattice Boltzmann method, as well as advanced analytical techniques such as the Differential Transform Method, the Homotopy Analysis Method, and Optimal Homotopy Analysis. The book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists and engineers, nanotechnologists, and chemists working in the development of nanomaterials and nanofluids for heat transfer in energy and engineering applications.

In this issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Erin A. Gillaspie brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Surgical Conditions of the Diaphragm. Top experts provide up-to-date coverage of managing the diaphragmatic injuries of congenital defects, hiatal hernia, and trauma. This issue also includes articles on imaging, pediatrics, and anatomy and physiologyContains 9 relevant, practice-oriented topics including reconstructive techniques for diaphragm resection; management of congenital hernias in adults: foramen of Morgagni hernia; management of traumatic diaphragmatic injury; management of diaphragmatic paralysis and eventration; congenital hernias in adults: Bochdalek hernias; and more.Provides in-depth clinical reviews on surgical conditions of the diaphragm, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Grassland Degradation, Restoration and Sustainable Management of Global Alpine Area involves the stripping and regeneration of the grassland's mattic epipedon. The stripping of the mattic epipedon is a unique phenomenon on the global alpine area, which has left many unanswered questions. Is stripping degradation an inherent, inevitable feature of the alpine grassland ecosystem? Is it an avoidable occurrence? Why is ecological restoration of stripped degraded grassland extremely difficult? Does restoration rely on reconstructing the grassland's mattic epipedon? Or can it be done in another way? How can sustainable ecological restoration be achieved?Frontline researchers in global alpine area have used observational evidence from field studies to respond to these questions and to present a comprehensive picture of the problems and drivers of grassland degradation. The climate-environment interaction mechanism of grassland degradation is revealed by the holistic approach in this book. Ecological restoration is discussed through social and economic participation, and past and present restoration actions are analyzed from the perspective of traditional culture and ecological ethics. The future sustainable management of grassland under climate change and social and economic development trend is also covered. This book will alert people to the dangers of degradation and to the difficulties encountered in ecological restoration.

Energy Efficiency of Modern Power and Energy Systems introduces students and researchers to a broad range of power system management challenges, technologies, and solutions. This book examines the critical intersection of energy efficiency, power quality, and renewable energy integration. It primarily emphasizes applications, with each chapter outlining the problem’s fundamental structure to provide a basic understanding of the approaches discussed. Providing meticulously researched literature reviews for guiding deeper reading, this book leads readers from contextual understanding to specific case studies and solutions for sustainable power systems.

The History of Gynecological Treatment of Women's Pelvic Pain and the Recent Emergence of Pain Sensitization is a historical account on how women have been treated for the problems of pelvic pain. It describes the earliest reports of women suffering from pelvic pain that seem to suggest the presence of something beyond any understanding prior to the late twentieth century. This book is for awareness of the condition and will help readers understand the complex presentations of pelvic pain: the shift from episodic to persistent pain, referred pain, pain from a non-painful stimulus (allodynia), and excessive pain from a painful stimulus (hyperalgesia). This is a novel reference that provides a detailed chronology of past treatments and how the absence of awareness of pain sensitization led to some disreputable surgical procedures. In addition, it is an historical analysis on the emergence of central pain sensitization as an explanation for the historical challenges of the past to current developments.

Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies Beyond Li-ion Batteries: Fundamentals, Materials, Devices focuses on an overview of the current research directions to enable the commercial translation of electrochemical energy storage technologies. The principles of energy storage mechanisms and device design considerations are introduced, along with advances in candidate materials and their path to commercialization and industrialization. Electrochemical energy storage technologies reviewed include rocking chair batteries, metal-air batteries, redox flow batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This book is suitable for materials scientists and chemists in academia and industry. It may also be of interest to physicists and energy scientists and practitioners.

The Resistance of Cervical Cancer to Chemotherapy and its Reversal provides a holistic understanding of cervical cancer development, immune-evading mechanisms of HPV, immunotherapies available, methods to study cervical cancer and the development of newer drugs. Content shows the involvement of signaling pathways during chemoresistance in cervical cancer, the involvement of genes in drug resistance, and introduces long noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers. In 10 chapters, this book first provides an introduction and history of cervical cancer; next, it discusses the influence of viruses on cervical cancer and finally, it describes therapies to overcome chemotherapy resistance in cervical cancer. This is the perfect reference to provide the fundamental base of knowledge needed for oncologists, pharmacologists, translational investigators, immunotherapists, scientists, and clinicians interested in building a comprehensive understanding of the field.

Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Foundations of Neuro-Oncology provides an in-depth review of common cognitive, psychological, and social manifestations that occur in patients with brain cancer and other neuro-oncological issues. Chapters discuss primary CNS tumors, brain metastases, leptomeningeal disease, paraneoplastic disorders, and many other topics. Effects of CNS and systemic cancer treatment (i.e., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy) are also examined, as are current practices for rehabilitation and targets for essential future interventions in vulnerable populations. This book is fully illustrated with pathology photomicrographs, CT and MRI images, tables, and molecular pathway diagrams. Bringing neuropsychological and behavioral health trial knowledge from the bench to the bedside, this volume is an essential reference for practicing neuro-oncologists, neuropsychologists, nurses, and others working in the field of neuro-oncology.

High-Temperature Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage covers the fundamentals, thermal characteristics, measurement, design, and applications of high-temperature phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage, supported by examples and numerical modeling. The differences between low-temperature and high-temperature PCMs are examined with respect to thermophysical properties, phase change properties, and melting/solidification processes, with detailed coverage of how to alter or shorten the phase transition temperature range between melting and solidification, providing routes for the utilization of PCMs for specific high-temperature applications. The book also addresses key challenges, such as the design of PCM containers, phase transition temperature with little deviation, high latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, efficiency, ecocompatibility, and cost. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, advanced students, and scientists across the areas of energy storage, power generation, energy engineering, thermodynamics, materials science, renewable energy, energy management, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering as well as engineers, research and development professionals, and other industry personnel with an interest in thermal energy storage design and materials.

Biorefinery of Industrial Effluents for a Sustainable Circular Economy provides a combined approach on environmental engineering, which involves the improvement of the natural environment or remediation of polluted sites. In addition, it discusses bioprocess engineering involving the development of processes for the manufacture of products from biological materials to produce a valuable bioproduct. It covers sources, impacts, and applications of industrial effluents that could potentially be used as feedstock for the IEB with examples of applied research that demonstrates the relationship between the effluents, biorefinery, treatment and bioproduct recovery. Materials that can be produced from IEB and the treatment processes for such are considered.

Environmental Remediation in Agri-Food Industry Using Nanotechnology and Sustainable Strategies presents remediation practices to remove environmental pollutants caused by food manufacturing processes. The book explores AOPs, BiOX photocatalysts, perovskite materials, Zirconium oxide-based nanocomposites, and heterostructured semiconductor nanomaterials. It looks at environmental pollutants from the meat industry, fish production, horticulture, grains and other food manufacturing, and explores remediation of soil, water, and air. Contributors represent expertise from backgrounds in materials chemistry, nanotechnology, environmental chemistry, green technologies, analytical and physical chemistry, and agricultural and food science, providing a multidisciplinary approach for use in industry and public policy toward solving food security and environmental issues.