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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Biosystems: Biophysical interface at Lower Dimensions provides a thoroughly comprehensive overview of all major aspects of carbon-based nanomaterials, their biophysical response, and biotechnological applications. The book articulates the underlying physics, chemistry, and the basic phenomenon of the broad-range carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) with biological systems, particularly the interface analysis. Organized in six sections, it discusses state-of art technological interventions of carbon-based nanomaterials and their application in biomedical sectors in healthcare, food sciences, and technology. The book also highlights the carrying capacity of different CNMs in payload efficiency mechanisms in various biomedical fields. The theranostic efficiency and the safety of various forms of CNMs is assessed. This book will be a helpful resource to those specializing in the areas of nanomedicine, bionanomaterials, and nanotechnology applications.

Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA.

Aging: How Aging Works, How We Reverse Aging, and Prospects for Curing Aging Diseases explains the process of aging beyond mere entropy, exposing it as a complicated and dynamic process that undercuts maintenance and permits age-related disease. With a deeper understanding of the aging process, intervention becomes both easy to understand and clinically feasible. With a solid academic approach, this proposed book builds upon the substantial work published over the past 20 years, citing the newest data, up-to-date models based upon that data, and the implications for improved clinical intervention, including recent developments in gene and cell therapy. Coverage of age-related diseases includes neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, bone and joint, immune system, renal, pulmonary, and skin aging. Future directions of the field focus on interventions, including a summary of previous attempts to intervene in aging and age-related disease, the status of current research, and proposed biotech interventions, as well as their potential obstacles, risks, and benefits. This is the perfect reference for scientists, clinicians, and researchers interested in the translational research opportunities such as drug discovery, pharmacogenetics, and experimental therapeutics, not only summarizing where the field stands, but giving a clear and cogent view of where clinical medicine is going in the next decade.

Strigolactones: Synthesis, Application and Role in Plants presents the current state of the science for this recently discovered class of plant hormones, offering foundational insights. The book covers the structure of natural and synthetic SLs, synthesis, transport, signaling, and their application, role in the growth and development of plants like seed germination, root growth, and stem branching plant architecture. Further, the crosstalk of SLs with other plant hormones and signaling molecules are discussed. Finally, the role of SLs in plant defense systems, particularly in biotic and abiotic stresses, heavy metals, salt, temperature, radiation, pesticide drought, and flood stress on plants. Concluding with the latest discoveries, future perspectives, and challenges in plant biology, this book will be a valuable reference for those in plant and agricultural sciences.

Picture Fuzzy Logic and Its Applications in Decision Making Problems provides methodological frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the field of picture fuzzy operators and their applications in scientific research and real-world engineering problems. In this book, picture fuzzy sets are investigated, and different types of operators are defined to solve a number of important decision-making and optimization problems. The hybrid operator on picture fuzzy set based on the combination of picture fuzzy weighted averaging operators and picture fuzzy weighted geometric operators is developed and named Hybrid Picture Fuzzy Weighted Averaging Geometric (H-PFWAG) operator. In addition, another operator is developed for interval-valued picture fuzzy environment, which is named Hybrid Interval-Valued Picture Fuzzy Weighted Averaging Geometric (H-IVPFWAG) operator. These two operators are then demonstrated as solutions to Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) problems. The picture fuzzy soft weighted aggregation operators (averaging and geometric) are defined, and these are applied to develop a multi-criteria group decision making system.

Transglutaminase: Fundamentals and Applications, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology series, stands as a comprehensive resource on this increasingly important class of enzymes. Following an introduction to the field, international experts discuss basic biology and structure - function relationships of transglutaminases, ongoing fundamental research, and new application areas, including food processing, material synthesis, biomedicine, disease treatment, and biotechnology. Approaches for sourcing transglutaminases from animals, plants, and microorganisms are considered, followed by chapters on applied uses in biomedicine, skin, bone biology, medicine, drug development, tissue engineering, seafood bioprocessing, dairy bioprocessing, synthesis of materials and polymers, and as an immobilization agent.Research protocols are also provided, including research rationale, design, substrates, assays, and microassay steps for studying transglutaminases.

Microbiome Drivers of Ecosystem Function, the latest release in the Microbiome Research in Plants and Soil series, focuses on advancements in microbial technologies towards harnessing the microbiome for improved crop productivity and health. The book provides insights into the diversity of endophytic microbiomes and their potential utility in agricultural production. As increased crop yield through chemical interventions have limit thresholds and alternative, natural, and/or integrated approaches are increasingly needed, this book serves as an ideal reference for researchers and students in the fields of agricultural biotechnology, biochemistry, environmental science, plant biology, agricultural sciences, and agricultural engineering.Microbial inoculants provide ways in which food production efficiency can be improved. Plant growth-promoting soil organisms increase net crop uptake of soil nutrients, resulting in larger crops and higher yields of harvested food. These and other symbiotic associations between plants and microbes can ultimately be exploited for the increased food production necessary to feed the world, in addition to creating safer farming techniques that minimize ecological disruption.

Protein Digestion-Derived Peptides: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Health Effects presents the latest international advances in fundamental and applied research on the impact of gastrointestinal digestion on the release of bioactive peptides from food sources. This book covers the fundamentals and applications of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption models as well as the impact of food matrices, their components and protein characteristics, and peptide bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability. Moreover, the book expands coverage in vitro and in vivo approaches to simulate gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins and absorption models to evaluate the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of released peptides. Developed for nutrition researchers, food scientists, and pharmaceutical scientists, this book is a welcomed resource for those who wish to understand the impact of peptides on chronic disease.

Suitable for a first undergraduate course in applied probability, this book introduces elementary probability theory and stochastic processes, and shows how probability theory can be applied fields such as engineering, computer science, management science, the physical and social sciences, and operations research.

Frozen Shoulder: Present and Future provides insights into one of the most mysterious diseases of the human body, frozen shoulder, a condition characterized by severe shoulder pain and functional restriction of shoulder motion. About 4% of the general population develops a frozen shoulder, with numbers rising to 59% in patients with diabetes mellitus. It curiously only develops between the age of 40 and 60 years, affects more women than men, and seems to be more common in patients with sedentary jobs. Disease duration varies between 1 and 3 years and consequently has a large impact on health and economic well-being.

Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria contains detailed cross referencing of subjects while covering important areas including photosynthesis and anoxygenic phototropic bacteria; systematics and characteristic of each taxon; ecology and cultivation; photosynthetic electron transfer systems; metabolism; pigments and lipids; light-harvesting systems and reaction centers; photosynthetic genes and regulation of gene expression; origin and evolution of photosynthesis; and utilization of anoxygenic phototropic bacteria.

Machine Learning and Noisy Labels: Definitions, Theory, Techniques and Solutions provides an ideal introduction to machine learning with noisy labels that is suitable for senior undergraduates, post graduate students, researchers and practitioners using, and researching, machine learning methods. Most of the modern machine learning models based on deep learning techniques depend on carefully curated and cleanly labeled training sets to be reliably trained and deployed. However, the expensive labeling process involved in the acquisition of such training sets limits the number and size of datasets available to build new models, slowing down progress in the field. This book defines the different types of label noise, introduces the theory behind the problem, presents the main techniques that enable the effective use of noisy-label training sets, and explains the most accurate methods.

Microbial Essentialism: An Industrial Prospective refers to properties specifically possessed by microbes, including the secretion of metabolites which make them unique. These microorganisms can be commercially exploited for beneficial purposes such as the production of whole microbial cells, for products for direct use, or as starting raw materials in the manufacture of other commercial products. The book reviews the newest techniques, approaches, and options in the use of microorganisms for the manufacture of industrially important products such as pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, chemicals, proteins, foods and beverages, and fuels. Additional sections cover fundamental principles of established and innovative industrial microbiology and biotechnology processes and products while also discussing industrial microorganisms and the technology required for large-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentation products.

Clinical Trial Project Management provides a detailed overview of how to conduct clinical trials in an international context. The process of conducting clinical studies across nations is based on a set of regulatory regimes developed by respective regulatory agencies. The book focuses on clinical study protocol approval processes, Ethics Committee approval processes, clinical study feasibilities, site selection, site initiation, site monitoring, database lock, sit close-out, clinical data processing and management, SAE reporting and compensation, randomization procedure, pharmacovigilance, statistical tools, BA/BE studies, and clinical study report writing. The book comprehensively covers the entire clinical trial process of conductance. In addition, the author also incorporates the clinical trial approval processes of USFDA, EMA, and JAPAN for conducting clinical trials.

Good and Bad Testosterone is a unique reference to understand and learn about the biology and psychophysical aspects of this hormone.Unlike most other hormones, testosterone regulates not only the biological functions of the body but also many psychological functions. This wide spectrum of effects, influencing nearly all biological and behavioral features of a males, makes testosterone particularly interesting.This book takes a historical approach to understanding testosterone. It provides is a comprehensive description of the functions of testosterone and its role in determining the biological, medical, psychological, behavioral, and cultural features of the male sex/gender and the male/female differences. Sex/gender issues are of great interest for a wide readership, including the general public and experts from various disciplines.

Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 123 continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topics of microbiology.

Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Colonic Disorders presents state-of-the-art methods for targeted drug delivery to the colon. These methods can prolong drug half-lives, improve bioavailability, optimize pharmacokinetics, and reduce medication dosing frequency. Chapters allow readers to not only become familiar with advancements, but also understand concepts by providing illustrations, figures, and informative tables. Contents cover an overview of colonic diseases, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, current and traditional therapeutic approaches, biomaterials, oral drug delivery methods, targeted drug delivery, nutraceuticals and herbal medicine approaches, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics, nanomedicine approaches, and the status of clinical trials. This book is the perfect resources for researchers in pharma, biomaterials, and nutrition to help familiarize them with new and upcoming therapeutic methods. Research physicians in GI can also benefit from reading this book for its clinical applications.

Cyanobacteria: Metabolisms to Molecules covers diversity, fundamental metabolisms, crucial metabolities, their synthesis, and bioinformatics topics surrounding cyanobacteria, an organism regarded as the most important organism to sustain life on the planet during ancient times. Cyanobacteria are among the first pioneering communities on various harsh habitat, hydrarch or xerarch, which finally facilitate the emergence of vast communities including higher plants. Being the progenitor of chloroplast, the cyanobacterial metabolisms has always fascinated microbiologists. Additionally, the ability of these prokaryotes to produce valuable and prolific sources of natural products signified their role in an array of industrial sectors. Therefore, in this book, the book's authors accumulate the current knowledge of cyanobacterial metabolisms and molecules as a valuable asset for students, researchers, and biotechnologists.

New Experimental Probes for Enzyme Specificity and Mechanism, Volume 685, the latest release in the Methods of Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics including Subverting Hedgehog Protein Autoprocessing by Chemical Induction of Paracatalysis, New Mechanistic Probes to Identify Novel Substrates for N-Myristoyltransferases, Phosphonate and a Fluorophosphonate Analogues of D Glucose 6 Phosphate as Active-Site Probes of 1L-Myo-Inositol 1 phosphate Synthase, Kinetic Mechanism of Nicotine-Degrading Enzyme Probed by Stopped-Flow Kinetic Analyses, Kinetics and Mechanism for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions of Substrate Pieces, and more. Additional chapters cover Kinetics and Mechanism for Reactions of Enzyme Pieces, Evaluation of allostery for the bienzyme assembly of a 3-deoxy-D-arabino heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase and chorismate mutase, Recognition and Catalysis of Reactions of Chiral Substrates by Mandelate Racemase, Innovative and emerging modalities of EGFR kinase inhibitors, Characterization of the Aminoacrylate Intermediate of Tyrosine Phenol-Lyases, and much more.

Pancreatic Cancer: Basic Mechanisms and Therapies, Volume 159 in the Advances in Cancer Research, presents the latest release in this ongoing, well-regarded serial with invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Greater than 90% PCs are Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) which have a dismal estimated 5-year overall survival of only 11%. PDAC is predicted to become the second leading cause of mortality in the United States by 2030. In the clinic, the PDAC patients often present with incurable disease at the time of first diagnosis. This cancer is particularly lethal because of its propensity to spread quickly to distant organs including the lymphatic system. PDAC metastasis occurs shortly after tumor initiation and is caused by a complex interaction between autonomous tumor cells and cellular elements of the tumor microenvironment. Although PDAC remains a challenging disease to treat and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, progress is being made in disease etiology and pathogenesis, and intensive research is focused on developing optimal treatment approaches for patients. Considering the continuous progress being made in understanding PDAC pathogenesis and designing new therapies, it was considered timely to develop an up-to-date thematic issue of Advances in Cancer Research (ACR) focused on PDAC. In this thematic issue, we have included ten review articles by experts that cover cancer disparities, PDAC pathobiology, the roles of the tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, PC stem cells, genetic and signaling events critical for PDAC pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and chemoresistance in PDAC, and different PDAC mouse models. This special issue highlights recent research progress in PDAC, which bridges the gap between basic and clinical research.

Revealing Unchartered Biology with Single Intact Cells: Case Studies explores the path to research success, key projects, the role of techniques, the selection process, other alternatives considered, what other paths have led to dead ends, detailed protocols followed, and how the analysis of generated data allowed researchers to visualize unchartered biology. Focusing on the research journey that led to the publication of each article, the book's editors interviewed the researchers on the use of the Multiplex Single Cell technique and how it helped hone in on the biological quest. These methods can be expanded to a wide variety of research objectives. In conclusion to each chapter, the authors critically review their process and provide suggestions of improvement or alternate techniques that could be employed. This book is the ideal reference for researchers new to the world of single-cell multiplex techniques. The discussion on failures encountered along the research path provides insights on how to avoid repeating the same errors.

Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume 141, latest release in this definitive series, combines descriptive synthetic chemistry and mechanistic insight to yield an understanding of how chemistry drives the preparation and useful properties of heterocyclic compounds. Chapters in this new release include Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5-Membered Heterocycles via Domino and Multicomponent Reactions (from 2017-2022), Recent Advances in Application of the Stetter Reaction in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Recent Developments in the Hantzsch Synthesis of Dihydropyridines, Recent Developments in the Chemistry of 1H- and 4H-1,2,4-Triazoles, and much more.

Advances in Parasitology, Volume 122, the latest release in this ongoing series, includes medical studies of parasites of major influence, along with reviews of more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy and life history.

Approx.400 pages

Wetzel's Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, Fourth Edition, presents a fully updated revision of the classic Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems - published in 2001. The coverage remains rigorous and uncompromising and has been thoroughly reviewed and updated with evolving recent research results and theoretical understanding. This new edition brings a new format to this well-established work as we see each chapter fully updated by an individual contributor, or contributor team. Each contributor is an expert in the field and brings a comprehensive and global perspective. The editors provide a clear voice throughout, ensuring the chapters have strong continuity. This is an essential text for an undergraduate on any limnology course.

Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Second Edition, Four Volume Set provides an authoritative one-stop reference work covering all aspects of the field. Specific focus lies in the book's coverage of key industry developments over the last ten years, including: (i) detailed understanding of infectious agents and toxins and their route into the food chain; (ii) sophisticated detection and identification methods; (iii) effective control mechanisms, like heat treatment, refrigeration and sanitizers; (iv) education of food processors, handlers and consumers about safe food handling practices; (v) sanctioned food production, processing, storage and transport control protocols, like HACCP; and (vi) a strong policy and regulatory environment. With approximately 270 outstandingly written chapters from the world¿s leading experts in food science, the book covers all aspects of food safety along the entire food chain and in one complete work, thus providing the ideal reference tool for professionals working across the multiple scientific disciplines and technologies that constitute modern food safety.