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It can be argued that ATP is the most important molecule in cells. Not only is ATP the key energy source for cells, but it is also the source of phosphate groups that are transferred to a variety of substrate proteins via the action of elaborate families of protein kinases. An equally elaborate array of protein phosphatases can remove phosphate groups from proteins. It is now well established that protein phosphorylation is a widely used mechanism for cells to selectively modulate the function of a variety of proteins including enzymes, ion channels and pumps and structural proteins. In this volume of ACAG leading experts describe the evidence that protein phosphorylation is altered in aging and age-related disease. Protein phosphorylation controls fundamental processes such as transcription and translation, regulation of the cell cycle, signalling within and between cells, cell motility, synaptic function and so on. Recent findings are revealing how phosphorylation dependent signalling cascades may control lifespan with a prime example being the insulin-signalling pathway first described in c-elegans and now emerging as an important regulator of lifespan of mammals also. Many of the functional changes that occur during aging such as impaired learning and memory and altered energy metabolism are controlled by protein phosphorylation and it is, therefore, important to understand how mechanisms of protein phosphorylation may either mediate aging or provide adaptive responses that allow successful disease-free aging. The authors in addition to considering the roles of protein phosphorylation in aging describe the evidence that abnormalities in protein phosphorylation contribute to the pathogenesis of major age-related diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Aims to foster the study of the legal system by economists. This two volume set forms a comprehensive and accessible survey of the state of the field.

Intended to provide scientists, R & D workers, students, technologists and international trade experts with a vocabulary of terms relating to pulping and papermaking technologies, this work contains a selection of the most frequently used terms in pulp and papermaking. It also includes terms related to pulpwood and other raw materials for pulping.

Deals with the synthesis of metal nanoclusters along all known methodologies. This book covers the physical and chemical properties of metal nanoclusters relevant to their applications in chemical processing and materials science.

The cluster science is concerned with the properties of materials on the nano-metre scale. This book addresses both fundamental and practical aspects of the physics and chemistry of a novel state of matter, namely clusters of small numbers of atoms of nanometre scale. It brings together work on both free clusters and those deposited on surfaces.

Presents a comprehensive account of Non-equilibrium Physical Chemistry from theoretical and experimental angle. Thia book covers a wide spectrum of non-equilibrium phenomena such as: steady state close to equilibrium to non-linear region involving transition to bistability, temporal oscillations, and spatio-temporal oscillations.

Electrochemistry plays a key role in the exploration of inorganic and organic compounds, biochemical and biological systems, corrosion, energy applications, and nanoscale investigations. This book provides experimental considerations, representative calculations and illustrations of the possibilities available in electrochemical experimentation.

Provides an understanding of developments and advancements in the study of ataxic disorders. This book gives clinicians a reference for the management of the many etiologies and neurological manifestations of ataxic disorders.

What are the patterns of electrical activity that serve such a fundamental role in our cognitive abilities? How can it go wrong in these networks resulting in different types of brain pathologies, such as mental retardation, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy or schizophrenia? This book deals with neuronal networks within the brain.

Law can be viewed as a body of rules and legal sanctions that channel behavior in socially desirable directions for example, by encouraging individuals to take proper precautions to prevent accidents or by discouraging competitors from colluding to raise prices. This title offers a survey of the state of the field.

This volume contains five articles presenting reviews of several topics of current research which are likely to be of interest to optical scientists and optical engineers. Topics include the dynamics of feedback-induced instability and chaos, and the nonlinear interaction of ultrafast pulses.

The second volume of this work contains Parts 2 and 3 of the "Handbook of Coding Theory". Part 2, "Connections", is devoted to connections between coding theory and other branches of mathematics and computer science. Part 3, "Applications", deals with a variety of applications for coding.

Covers a wide range of measurement techniques broadly referred to as Optical Metrology, with emphasis on their applications to nondestructive testing. This book is intended as a tribute to the career of Professor Leopold Pflug.

Gives an overview about insular ecology of the vast Indonesian archipelago to any interested person or working ecologist. This work contains over 300 figures, and provides a glossary and bibliography, as well as tables of abbreviations, conversation factors, international system of units and a geological time table.