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Volumes 5 and 6 of the Handbook of Labor Economics will systematically review the research topics, empirical findings, and methods that constitute frontier research in the field. The focus will be on the most important research advances that have taken place since the publication of the previous Handbook Volume 4 almost 15 years ago.

Mathematical Methods in Medical and Biological Sciences presents mathematical methods for computational models arising in medical and biological sciences. The book presents several real-life medical and biological models, such as infectious and non-infectious diseases, that can be modeled mathematically to accomplish profound research in virtual environments when the cost of laboratory expenses is relatively high. The book focuses on mathematical techniques that provide global solutions for models arising in medical and biological sciences by considering their long-term benefits. In addition, the book provides leading-edge developments and insights for a range of applications, including epidemiological modeling of pandemic dynamics, viral infection developments, cancer developments, blood oxygen dynamics, HIV infection spread, reaction-diffusion models, polio infection spread, and chaos modeling with fractional order derivatives.

Advances in Neural Engineering: Brain-Computer Interfaces, Volume Two covers the broad spectrum of neural engineering subfields and applications. The set provides a comprehensive review of dominant feature extraction methods and classification algorithms in the brain-computer interfaces for motor imagery tasks. The book's authors discuss existing challenges in the domain of motor imagery brain-computer interface and suggest possible research directions. The field of neural engineering deals with many aspects of basic and clinical problems associated with neural dysfunction, including sensory and motor information, stimulation of the neuromuscular system to control muscle activation and movement, analysis and visualization of complex neural systems, and more.

Handbook of Gun Violence covers a variety of subjects and disciplines related to gun violence research. The first section provides an updated overview of the prevalence of gun violence, including a dedicated section to the surge in violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second section covers biopsychosocial risk and protective factors for violence, including genetics, psychopathology, neurocognitive function, and community influences. The last section reviews options for Gun violence prevention and intervention, including treatments for youth delinquency and violence and antisocial behavior.

Encyclopedia of Libraries, Librarianship, and Information Science, Four Volume Set is the definitive, essential, state-of-the-art reference work in this field. The last 40 years have seen a revolution in the way in which information and knowledge has been created, stored, disseminated, and exploited. Seismic shifts are set to continue, with COVID and climate change being but two of the most significant challenges to human existence and endeavor at the present time. The crucial role of library and information services has been recognized and revitalized during the recent pandemic. This reference is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate students, plus teaching staff and librarians who have an interest in this field. Coverage includes:, Types of Libraries, Information Media, AI, Informatics, Metadata, Collection Management and Development, Operation and Management, Information Access/Freedom, and Copyright/Intellectual Property.

Fuzzy Methods for Assessment and Decision Making presents the assessment of learning and problem-solving skills with qualitative grades. These methods are outcomes of the author’s research work on the subject for more than 20 years. In particular, a hybrid assessment model uses the Center of Gravity (COG) defuzzification technique, closed real intervals (grey numbers), neutrosophic sets, and soft sets as tools. The book starts with the basic mathematical background that is needed for an understanding of its contents. The Rectangular Fuzzy Assessment Model (RFAM) of Subbotin and Voskoglou is presented next, the outcomes of which are compared to those of the GPA index.The book presents innovative fuzzy assessment methods, enabling readers to assess the mean and quality performance of learning or problem-solving skills of a group of students when qualitative (linguistic) grades are used for this purpose. In the case of using linguistic grades for the assessment of a group’s skills, the classical method of calculating the mean value of the (numerical) grades cannot be applied. Also, no safe conclusions can be obtained on comparing the quality performance of two groups when the values of their GPA index are equal.

Computational Intelligence in Sustainable Computing and Optimization: Trends and Applications focuses on developing and evolving advanced computational intelligence algorithms for the analysis of data involved in applications, such as agriculture, biomedical systems, bioinformatics, business intelligence, economics, disaster management, e-learning, education management, financial management, and environmental policies. The book presents research in sustainable computing and optimization, combining methods from engineering, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and computer science to optimize environmental resourcesComputational intelligence in the field of sustainable computing combines computer science and engineering in applications ranging from Internet of Things (IoT), information security systems, smart storage, cloud computing, intelligent transport management, cognitive and bio-inspired computing, and management science. In addition, data intelligence techniques play a critical role in sustainable computing. Recent advances in data management, data modeling, data analysis, and artificial intelligence are finding applications in energy networks and thus making our environment more sustainable.

Sprouted Grains: Nutritional Value, Production and Applications, Second Edition includes new chapters on sprouted grains as new plant-based protein sources, Fatty Acids Content and Profiling in Sprouted Grains, Amylase Activity in Sprouted Grains, and The Role of Sprouted Grains in Human Gut Health. As sprouted grains are one of the hottest topics in cereal and grain science, this comprehensive reference presents essential reading, from grain germination from both a genetic and physiological perspective, the nutrients and bioactive compounds present in spouted grains, equipment and technical innovations for processors and manufacturers of sprouted grains and subsequent products, and more.

Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, Second Edition provides a complete resource for researchers, students, and lecturers with an interest in mathematical physics. The book enables readers to access basic information on topics peripheral to their own areas by providing a repository of core information that can be used to refresh even the experienced researcher's memory and aid teachers in directing students to entries relevant to their course-work. The impressive amount of information in this work - approximately 290 chapters - has been distilled, organized into 10 distinct sections and presented as a complete reference tool to the user The book is a stimulus for new researchers working in mathematical physics-or in areas using the methods originating from work in mathematical physics-providing them with focused, high-quality background information.

The International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Third Edition, Five Volume Set is an authoritative and comprehensive guide to the major issues, challenges, methods, and approaches of global public health. Spanning across 5 volumes, 13 subject areas and 480 chapters, this new edition takes a multidisciplinary approach and presents the history, methodology, and latest advances in biomedical research and related scientific fields, including social sciences, life sciences, and bioengineering to address public health research, disease, health processes, and disciplines. The book offers readers evidence-based analysis and information on solutions to real-world problems in global and local health through a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach. Covering all dimensions of the field, from the details of specific diseases, to the organization of social insurance agencies, the articles included comprise the fundamental research areas of global public health: historical roots, scientific research methodology and approaches, public health of vulnerable population subgroups (the aged, children and adolescents, at-risk populations), environmental and occupational epidemiology, and much more.

Encyclopedia of Adolescence, Second Edition presents a comprehensive overview of the theories, methods, and empirical evidence needed to understand this critical developmental period. Split across 3 volumes, and spanning over 130 chapters, the title begins with an overview of the history of the study of adolescence and the emerging theories and tools used to study adolescent development, as well as normative changes of adolescence, encompassing a broad range of adolescent experiences. It then examines the interpersonal and socioecological contexts which are both shaped by the adolescent and play a formative role in the adolescent's development. In conclusion, the book examines those experiences that can compromise healthy development in adolescence and the specific mental health challenges that are common or emergent during the adolescent years. This updated edition addresses identified gaps in the earlier edition, and in similar works, expanding coverage to topics that have often been overlooked but are key experiences, tasks, or contexts affecting adolescent development.

Educational Practices in Human Services Organizations: EnvisionSMARTT: A Melmark Model of Administration and Operation covers these HSO groups, both public and private, who have one main goal, to enhance human well-being. These organizations provide a variety of services for both children and adults, including mental health care and educational programs. With decreases in federal funding, many private HSOs have been created to supplement the void. To ensure adequate services to their patients, it is vital that HSOs adopt an effective model. Each volume in this series highlights key concepts and applications pertinent to each division of HSOs. This book demonstrates how to develop an educational program within HSOs while adhering to state and federal guidelines. It then reviews various evidence-based instructional methodologies, including discrete trial training, errorless learning, and incidental teaching. Finally, the authors provide instructions and templates on how to record students' progress helping to drive data informed decisions.

Fractography in Failure Analysis of Polymers, Second Edition provides a practical guide to the science of fractography and its application in the failure analysis of plastic components. In addition to a brief background on the theory of fractography, the book's authors discuss the various fractographic tools and techniques used to identify key fracture characteristics. Case studies in this new edition have been expanded, including a wide range of polymer types, new technologies, applications, and failure modes, as well as best practice guidelines. Detailed images and their appropriate context are presented for reference in failure investigations. This text is vital for engineers who must determine the root causes of failure when it occurs, helping them further study the ramifications of product liability claims, environmental concerns, and brand image. This is also a valuable resource for all plastics professionals, including manufacturers, product designers, and consultants, forensic investigators, as well as educators in materials science.

Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Four Volume Set is the most up-to-date reference work for system based coastal and estuarine ecosystem science and management. It addresses the big issues facing the estuaries and coastal zone; in particular how to best use multi- and inter-disciplinary science to ensure the sustainability of the environment. It focusses on the need to protect and maintain the natural functioning of the estuaries and coasts worldwide while delivering the ecosystem services from which society extract goods and benefits. Structured chapters, written by leaders in the field, include reference lists and additional reading, copious diagrams, case-studies, and especially provide synthesis diagrams and conceptual models of complex issues. The Treatise covers both the natural and social sciences, serving a wide audience which ranges from undergraduate students to established researchers and practitioners. The work avoids autecological studies but focusses on inter-linked physical-chemical-biological-ecosystem processes and associated socio-economic issues in the coastal zone. It examines estuaries and coasts, and their interactions and feedbacks with humanity, from the inland catchment/river basin to the ocean shelf. The new edition builds on and expands the previous version with significant updates and a whole new section on Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems, covering the resistance and resilience of the estuaries, coasts and other transitional habitats to climate change, thereby determining changes and responses needed over the coming decades.

Huntington¿s Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Implications for Therapeutics reviews the most up-do-date content on HD pathogenic mechanisms and cutting-edge testing of therapeutic strategies for HD. Chapters explore areas such as normal Huntington biology in brain development and function, genetic modifiers of HD in patients, molecular pathogenic mechanism in HD, and mechanisms underlying selective neuronal vulnerability. As Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a clinical trial of movement disorder, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms, this book is an ideal reference for readers interested in its pathologies.

The Solo Librarian: A Practical Handbook provides an internationally applicable and practical handbook that shows a timeline of key activities that happen throughout, in this example, an academic year. Sections provide examples on Acquisitions, cataloguing, updating library guidance (before academic year start - September), Student and Staff Inductions (September/October), Quarterly Business Review to review updates and library usage (Oct ¿ Dec), Library cover over student/staff holiday period (Dec), Quarterly Business Review (Jan ¿ Mar), Quality standard(s) re-accreditation (April), Research methods/study skills webinars (April), Library cover over student holiday period (April), Quarterly Business Review (April ¿June), and much more. The idea behind this practical handbook is to provide guidance and templates to cover responsibilities, challenges, benchmarking, acquisitions, classification, archiving, copyright management, and so much more.

Computational Intelligence and Blockchain in Complex Systems: System Security and Interdisciplinary Applications provides readers with a guide to understanding the dynamics of AI, machine learning, and computational intelligence in blockchain, and how these rapidly developing technologies are revolutionizing a variety of interdisciplinary research fields and applications. This book examines the role of computational intelligence and machine learning in the development of algorithms to deploy blockchain technology across a number of applications, including healthcare, insurance, smart grid, smart contracts, digital currency, precision agriculture, and supply chain. The authors cover the unique and developing intersection between cyber security and blockchain in modern networks, as well as in-depth studies on cybersecurity challenges and multidisciplinary methods in modern blockchain networks. Readers will find mathematical equations throughout the book as part of the underlying concepts and foundational methods, especially the complex algorithms involved in blockchain security aspects for hashing, coding, and decoding. This book also provides readers with the most in-depth technical guide to the intersection of computational intelligence and blockchain, two of the most important technologies for the development of next-generation complex systems

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: From Ethical, Social, and Legal Perspectives provides answers on how to improve acceptance and diminish the anxiety of the use of AI-assisted medicine. Through a series of social, ethical, and legal discussions from clinicians, social scientists, ethicists, and legal experts, this important reference has coverage that includes good data custodianship and stewardship, data access, data bias, data & healthcare equity, privacy and confidentiality, algorithmic understanding, and regulatory guidance, accountability, and legal responsibility.This reference will explain to healthcare providers how AI will enhance healthcare, will introduce to scientists and researchers the ethical and social aspect of AI that needs to be addressed, and will urge policymakers and health authorities to consider the legal framework needed to implement AI technology in healthcare.