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Written by one of the world's leading experts in the field, the book reviews the basic principles, design and processes used in braiding. The book also discusses specialised braiding techniques such as spiral braiding and lace technology.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Resource Recovery from Wastes includes the latest and innovative research and technological developments in the biotechnology and bioengineering pertaining to various resource(s) recovery from wastes. The contents are organized into two broader sections covering resource recovery from industrial wastewater and resource recovery from solid wastes. Sections cover energy, bioproducts, nutrients, municipal food wastes, electronic wastes, agricultural waste and others. The state-of-the-art situation, potential advantages and limitations are also provided, along with strategies to overcome limitations. This book is a useful guide into research demands in solid and liquid waste treatment and management for environmental/economic sustainability. Provides state-of-art information and applications on microbiological and biotechnological interventions for resource recoveryCovers municipal food wastes, electronic wastes and agricultural wastesReviews current information relating to bioremediationContains recent information, clearly illustrated with tables, figures and pictures Outlines different technological and biological aspects of resource recovery from industrial waste and effluents

Catalysis, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Energy: New Technologies for Novel Business Opportunities offers new possibilities for businesses who want to address the current global transition period to adopt low carbon and sustainable energy production. This comprehensive source provides an integrated view of new possibilities within catalysis and green chemistry in an economic context, showing how these potential new technologies may become useful to business. Fundamentals and specific examples are included to guide the transformation of idea to innovation and business. Offering an overview of the new possibilities for creating business in catalysis, energy and green chemistry, this book is a beneficial tool for students, researchers and academics in chemical and biochemical engineering.Discusses new developments in catalysis, energy and green chemistry from the perspective of converting ideas to innovation and businessPresents case histories, preparation of business plans, patent protection and IP rights, creation of start-ups, research funds and successful written proposalsOffers an interdisciplinary approach combining science and business

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Microbial Biofilms is divided into three sections: microbial adhesion/biofilms in medical settings, microbial adhesion/biofilms in agriculture, and microbial adhesion/biofilm in the environment and industry. Chapters cover adhesion and biofilm formation by pathogenic microbes on tissue and on indwelling medical devices, including sections on human infections, microbial communication during biofilm mode of growth, host defense and antimicrobial resistance, and more. Other sections cover the biofilms of agriculturally important and environmental friendly microbes, including biofilm formation on plants, in soil, and in aquatic environments. Finally, the latest scientific research on microbial adhesion and biofilm formation in the environment and in industry is covered.Provides an overview on the growth, structure, cell-to-cell interactions, and control/dispersal of bacterial and fungal of in vitro and in vivo biofilmsPresents an overview on the microbial adhesion, biofilm formation and structures of single-species and multi-species biofilms on human tissues/medical devices, agriculture, environment and chemical industriesIncludes chapters on microbial biofilms of pathogenic microbes on human tissues and in medical indwelling devicesCovers factors affecting microbial biofilm, adhesion and formation

Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Recent Advances in Development of Platform Chemicals provides a detailed overview on the experimentally developed methods that facilitate platform chemicals derivation from biomass-based substrates with robust catalyst systems. In addition, the book highlights the green chemistry approach towards platform chemical production. Chapters discuss platform chemicals and global market volumes, the optimization of process schemes and reaction parameters with respect to achieving a high yield of targeted platform chemicals, such as sugars and furonic compounds by modifying the respective catalytic system, the influence of solvents on reaction selectivity and product distribution, and the long-term stability of employed catalysts. Overall, the objectives of the book are to provide the reader with an understanding of the societal importance of platform chemicals, an assessment of the techno-economic viability of biomass valorization processes, catalyst design for a specific reaction, and the design of a catalytic system.Covers recent developments on platform chemicalsProvides comprehensive technological developments on specific platform chemicalsCovers organic transformations, catalytic synthesis, thermal stability, reaction parameters and solvent effectIncludes case studies on the production of a number of chemicals, such as Levulinic acid, glycerol, phenol derivatives, and more

Shows how quantum mechanics is applied to chemistry to give it a theoretical foundation. From the Schroedinger equation to electronic and nuclear motion to intermolecular interactions, this book covers the primary quantum underpinnings of chemical systems.

Polymer-Protein Conjugates: From Pegylation and Beyond helps researchers by offering a unique reference and guide into this fascinating area. Sections cover the challenges surrounding the homogeneity of conjugates, their purity and polymer toxicity on long-term use, and how to deal with the risk of immunogenicity. These discussions help researchers design new projects by taking into account the latest innovations for safe and site selective polymer conjugation to proteins. PEG has been the gold standard and likely will play this role for many years, but alternatives are coming into the market, some of which have already been launched. After five decades of improvements, the ideas in this book are entering into a new era of innovation because of the advances in genetic engineering, biochemistry and a better understanding of the results from clinical use of PEG conjugates in humans.Provides an overview on the state-of-the-art of protein polymer conjugationPresents both the pros and cons of polymer-protein conjugates from the point-of-view of their clinical outcomesOutlines advantages and potential risks of present technology based on PEGOffers new alternatives for PEG and new approaches for on site-selective protein modificationIdentifies future direction of research in this field

Further Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cybercartography, Third Edition, Volume Nine, presents a substantively updated edition of a classic text on cybercartography, presenting new and returning readers alike with the latest advances in the field. The book examines the major elements of cybercartography and embraces an interactive, dynamic, multisensory format with the use of multimedia and multimodal interfaces. Material covering the major elements, key ideas and definitions of cybercartography is newly supplemented by several chapters on two emerging areas of study, including international dimensions and language mapping. This new edition delves deep into Mexico, Brazil, Denmark, Iran and Kyrgyzstan, demonstrating how insights emerge when cybercartography is applied in different cultural contexts. Meanwhile, other chapters contain case studies by a talented group of linguists who are breaking new ground by applying cybercartography to language mapping, a breakthrough that will provide new ways of understanding the distribution and movement of language and culture.Highlights the relationship between cybercartography and critical geographyIncorporates the latest developments in the field of cybercartography, including International Dimensions and Language MappingShowcases the legal, ethical and policy implications of mapping local and traditional knowledge

Methods of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Including Pharmacogenetics, Second Edition, Volume Seven in the Handbook of Analytical Separations series, covers all aspects of drug monitoring, including laboratory work, pharmacokinetic analysis and clinical aspects, thus enabling readers from different fields to understand the whole process of therapeutic drug monitoring and how to avoid common pitfalls. The book contains analytical techniques for the quantification of drugs, along with pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic methods. Also included are updates on sample preparation, including dried blood spot technology and microextraction methods. In addition, the book includes new drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the monitoring of immunosuppressant drugs. Presents a unique, interdisciplinary approach that appeals to a wide range of usersWritten by authors from international labs, providing a global perspective that can be applied in various regulatory environmentsFeatures additional therapeutic drugs to reflect the rising number of immunocompromised patientsIncludes a new mass spectroscopic methods chapter to capture the frequent use in TDM and the improved availability of LC-MS across laboratories

Physical Security in the Process Industry: Theory with Applications deals with physical security in the field of critical infrastructures where hazardous materials are a factor, along with the state-of-the-art thinking and modeling methods for enhancing physical security. The book offers approaches based on scientific insights, mainly addressing terrorist attacks. Moreover, the use of innovative techniques is explained, including Bayesian networks, game-theory and petri-networks. Dealing with economic parameters and constraints and calculating the costs and benefits of security measures are also included. The book will be of interest to security (and safety) scientists, security managers and the public at large. Discusses how to achieve inherent physical security using a scientific approachExplores how to take adequate add-on physical security measuresCovers risk assessment tools and applications for practical use in the industryDemonstrates how to optimize security decisions using security models and approachesConsiders economic aspects of security decisions

Global Change and Forest Soils: Cultivating Stewardship of a Finite Natural Resource, Volume 36, provides a state-of-the-science summary and synthesis of global forest soils that identifies concerns, issues and opportunities for soil adaptation and mitigation as external pressures from global changes arise. Where, how and why some soils are resilient to global change while others are at risk is explored, as are upcoming train wrecks and success stories across boreal, temperate, and tropical forests. Each chapter offers multiple sections written by leading soil scientists who comment on wildfires, climate change and forest harvesting effects, while also introducing examples of current global issues. Readers will find this book to be an integrated, up-to-date assessment on global forest soils.Presents sections on boreal, temperate and tropical soils for a diverse audienceServes as an important reference source for anyone interested in both a big-picture assessment of global soil issues and an in-depth examination of specific environmental topicsProvides a unique synthesis of forest soils and their collective ability to respond to global changeOffers chapters written by leading soil scientists Prepares readers to meet the daily challenges of drafting multi-resource environmental science and policy documents

Petroleum Reservoir Simulation, Second Edition, introduces this novel engineering approach for petroleum reservoir modeling and operations simulations. Updated with new exercises, a new glossary and a new chapter on how to create the data to run a simulation, this comprehensive reference presents step-by-step numerical procedures in an easy to understand format. Packed with practical examples and guidelines, this updated edition continues to deliver an essential tool for all petroleum and reservoir engineers. Includes new exercises, a glossary and referencesBridges research and practice with guidelines on introducing basic reservoir simulation parameters, such as history matching and decision tree content Helps readers apply knowledge with assistance on how to prepare data files to run a reservoir simulator

Primer on Enhanced Oil Recovery gives the oil and gas market the introductory information it needs to cover the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbon reservoir fluids and rock, drilling operations, rock-fluid interactions, recovery methods, and the economy of enhanced oil recovery projects. Beginning with introductory materials on basic physics and oil-rock interaction, the book then progresses into well-known types of EOR, such as gas injection and microbial EOR. Other sections cover hybrid EOR, smart water/low salinity and solar EOR. Worldwide case study examples give engineers the go-to starting point they need to understand the fundamentals of EOR techniques and data.Discusses basic physics and chemistry in oil, oil-rock interaction, variation of oil, and interaction properties with temperatureHelps readers understand why and when EOR can be used Includes data on EOR implementation and economics

Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs delivers a current, state-of-the-art resource for engineers trying to manage unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Going beyond the traditional EOR methods, this book helps readers solve key challenges on the proper methods, technologies and options available. Engineers and researchers will find a systematic list of methods and applications, including gas and water injection, methods to improve liquid recovery, as well as spontaneous and forced imbibition. Rounding out with additional methods, such as air foam drive and energized fluids, this book gives engineers the knowledge they need to tackle the most complex oil and gas assets. Helps readers understand the methods and mechanisms for enhanced oil recovery technology, specifically for shale and tight oil reservoirsIncludes available EOR methods, along with recent practical case studies that cover topics like fracturing fluid flow backTeaches additional methods, such as soaking after fracturing, thermal recovery and microbial EOR

Shale Oil and Gas Production Processes delivers the basics on current production technologies and the processing and refining of shale oil. Starting with the potential of formations and then proceeding to production and completion, this foundational resource also dives into the chemical and physical nature of the precursor of oil shale, kerogen, to help users understand and optimize its properties in shale. Rounding out with reporting, in situ retorting, refining and environmental aspects, this book gives engineers and managers a strong starting point on how to manage the challenges and processes necessary for the further development of these complex resources.Helps readers grasp current research on production from shale formations, including properties and compositionFill in the gaps between research and practical application, including discussions of existing literature Includes a glossary to help readers fully understand key concepts

Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes, Second Edition, provides an analysis of the process steps required to produce hydrocarbons from various raw materials and how the choice of a process depends not only on technology, but also on external effects, such as social and economic developments, political factors affecting the availability of raw materials, and environmental legislation. This book qualitatively examines chemical processes and plant design by showing the factors determining process structures, including the underlying chemistry, feedstock, product specifications and reactor design. The book also compares the processes for different products based on raw materials and manufacturing processes based on their respective applications. With the addition of useful flowcharts that present an overview of the chemical processes, process design and equipment, this book is a valuable resource to industry professionals on how to understand how hydrocarbons are produced from different raw materials and how to develop an instinct for the right process development strategy.Provides a qualitative analysis of chemical processes and plant design by showing the factors determining process structuresPresents chemical processes in an organized, easy-to-read and understandable manner with the use of useful flowcharts and concise descriptionsIncludes updates on changes in existing technological and chemical processes, as well as possible future improvements or changes to other more economic or more readily available feedstocks

Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials provides a comprehensive overview on the most essential characterization techniques of these materials, along with their key applications. The book describes the application of optical spectroscopy of lanthanides doped inorganic phosphor hosts and gives information about their structure and morphology, binding energies, energy of transition and band gap. Also discussed are the properties and applications of rare earth doped inorganic materials and the barriers and potential solutions to enable the commercial realization of phosphors in important applications. The book reviews key information for those entering the field of phosphor research, along with the fundamental knowledge of the properties of transition series elements under UV/Visible/NIR light exposer. Low-cost materials methods to synthesize the materials and spectroscopic characterization methods are also detailed.Reviews the barriers and potential solutions to enable commercial realization of inorganic phosphorsDiscusses low-cost material methods to synthesize and characterize lanthanide doped oxide materialsProvides readers with a comprehensive overview on key properties for the most relevant applications, such as lighting and display, energy conversion and solar cell devices

The Role of the Electronic Resources Librarian focuses on longstanding hurdles to the transition of libraries from print collections, to online information services, all from an Electronic Resources Librarian (ERL) perspective. Problems covered include cost containment for electronic serials, web design, discovery, customer service, efficiency, and adapting organizations to the needs of contemporary users. The title considers the historical development of the ERL role, how the position emerged in North America in the 1990s, how it is represented within the organizational structure of academic libraries, and how the ERL role maps to technology, information services, and professional identity trends.Explores the changing role of the Electronic Resources Librarian (ERL)Identifies long-term trends in Electronic Resource ManagementRecommends best practices for the ERL role in modern librariesContextualizes the current ERL role in historical and current developmentsMaps the ERL role to trends in technology, information services and the shifting professional identity of academic librarians

Sustainable Technologies for Fashion and Textiles combines the latest academic research and industrial practices to shed light on a wide range of activities that influence how the textiles industry affects the natural environment. Pressure from regulators, customers and other stakeholders has pressed companies to translate general sustainability concepts and ideas into business practices. This is leading to improvements in how the industry consumes water, electricity and chemicals, and to a reduction in the amount of waste generated by textile processes. This book groups approaches to these topics under four themes, fiber, yarn and fabric production, chemical processing, garment manufacturing and recycling. Addresses sustainability challenges that occur throughout the supply chain, from the sourcing of raw materials, to recycling finished productsProvides introductions to sustainability-both in general and within the textiles industry-making this topic accessible for readers of all backgroundsCompares the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to sustainability, helping readers avoid pitfalls when devising their own strategies

Dental Implants and Bone Grafts: Materials and Biological Issues brings together cutting-edge research to provide detailed coverage of biomaterials for dental implants and bone graft, enabling scientists and clinicians to gain a thorough knowledge of advances and applications in this field. As tooth loss and alveolar bony defects are common and pose a significant health problem in dental clinics, this book deals with timely topics, including alveolar bone structures and pathological changes, reviews of indications and advantages of biomaterials for dental implants and bone graft, design and surface modification, biological interaction and biocompatibility of modern dental implants and bone graft, and new frontiers. This book is a highly valuable resource for scientists, clinicians and implantologists interested in biomaterial and regenerative strategies for alveolar bone reconstruction.Focuses on the structure, function and pathology of alveolar bone systemConsiders the issues involved in selecting biomaterials for dental implants and bone graftsDiscusses the requirements for optimal dental implant osseointegration and alveolar bone replacements/reconstructionExplains the biological basis of dental implants and bone grafts

Plastics: Microstructure and Applications is a key text for senior students studying the science and engineering of plastics materials (or polymers) and will serve as a valuable introduction to the fundamentals of polymer properties for those new to the field. Starting from microstructure and physical properties, the book covers the mechanical, chemical, transport and electrical properties of plastics materials and also deals in detail with wider issues that today''s engineers and materials scientists need, such as manufacturing processes and the design of plastics products. A thorough revision of the book for this 4th edition reflects advances in the field by including more detailed discussion of characterization techniques, crystallization and molecular structure, thermoplastic composites, 3D printing and electrical properties of plastics. The chapter on materials and shape selection covers sustainability, life cycle analysis and waste disposal considerations for plastics materials. Provides introductory information for students of plastics technology, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering and other fields.A useful introduction to the fundamentals of plastics for academic and industrial researchers from other fields.Includes substantial new coverage of microstructure and morphology of polymers; electrical properties of plastics; modern additive manufacturing and consideration of sustainability and life cycle analysis of plastic materials.

Dielectric Metamaterials: Fundamentals, Designs, and Applications links fundamental Mie scattering theory with the latest dielectric metamaterial research, providing a valuable reference for new and experienced researchers in the field. The book begins with a historical, evolving overview of Mie scattering theory. Next, the authors describe how to apply Mie theory to analytically solve the scattering of electromagnetic waves by subwavelength particles. Later chapters focus on Mie resonator-based metamaterials, starting with microwaves where particles are much smaller than the free space wavelengths. In addition, several chapters focus on wave-front engineering using dielectric metasurfaces and the nonlinear optical effects, spontaneous emission manipulation, active devices, and 3D effective media using dielectric metamaterials. Highlights a crucial link in fundamental Mie scattering theory with the latest dielectric metamaterial research spanning materials, design and applicationsIncludes coverage of wave-front engineering and 3D metamaterialsProvides computational codes for calculating and simulating Mie resonances

Handbook of Magnetic Materials, Volume 28, covers the expansion of magnetism over the past few decades and its applications in research, notably the magnetism of several classes of novel materials that share the presence of magnetic moments with truly ferromagnetic materials. The book is an ideal reference for scientists active in magnetism research, providing readers with novel trends and achievements in magnetism. Each article contains an extensive description given in graphical, as well as tabular form, with much emphasis placed on the discussion of the experimental material within the framework of physics, chemistry and materials science. Comprises topical review articles written by leading authoritiesIncludes a variety of self-contained introductions to a given area in the field of magnetism without requiring recourse to the published literatureIntroduces given topics in the field of magnetismDescribes novel trends and achievements in magnetism

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 56, is a continuous series of books covering all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics. The book''s main emphasis is on rare earth elements [Sc, Y, and the lanthanides (La through Lu], but whenever relevant, information is also included on the closely related actinide elements. Individual chapters in this release include Lanthanide Molecules for Spin-based Quantum Technologies, Modeling Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Lanthanide Chelates: A Critical Review and Recent Advances, and Superconducting Uranium-Based Materials.Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistryContains Individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviewsProvides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Processing, Analyzing and Learning of Images, Shapes, and Forms: Part 2, Volume 20, surveys the contemporary developments relating to the analysis and learning of images, shapes and forms, covering mathematical models and quick computational techniques. Chapter cover Alternating Diffusion: A Geometric Approach for Sensor Fusion, Generating Structured TV-based Priors and Associated Primal-dual Methods, Graph-based Optimization Approaches for Machine Learning, Uncertainty Quantification and Networks, Extrinsic Shape Analysis from Boundary Representations, Efficient Numerical Methods for Gradient Flows and Phase-field Models, Recent Advances in Denoising of Manifold-Valued Images, Optimal Registration of Images, Surfaces and Shapes, and much more. Covers contemporary developments relating to the analysis and learning of images, shapes and formsPresents mathematical models and quick computational techniques relating to the topicProvides broad coverage, with sample chapters presenting content on Alternating Diffusion and Generating Structured TV-based Priors and Associated Primal-dual Methods

Mathematical Modelling in Motor Neuroscience: State of the Art and Translation to the Clinic, Gaze Orienting Mechanisms and Disease, Volume 249, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Sequential Bayesian updating, Maps and Sensorimotor Transformations for Eye-Head Gaze Shifts: Role of the Midbrain Superior Colliculus, Modeling Gaze Position-Dependent Opsoclonus, Eye Position-Dependent Opsoclonus in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Saccades in Parkinson''s disease -- hypometric, slow, and maladaptive, Brainstem Neural Circuits for Fixation and Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authorsPresents the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research seriesIncludes the latest information on mathematical modeling in motor neuroscience

Advances in Ecological Research, Volume 61, the latest release in this ongoing series includes specific chapters on the Mechanistic links between biodiversity and ecosystem function, A multitrophic, eco-evolutionary perspective on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, Linking species coexistence to ecosystem functioning - a conceptual framework from ecological first principles, Species contributions to above and below ground biodiversity effects in the Trait-Based Experiment, Plant diversity effects on element cycling, Plant diversity effects on consumer community structure, stability, and ecosystem function, Plant community assembly and the consequences for ecosystem function, and more. Provides information that relates to a thorough understanding of the field of ecologyDeals with topical and important reviews on the physiologies, populations and communities of plants and animals

Sharks in Mexico: Research and Conservation, Volume 83 in the Advances in Marine Biology series, provides in-depth and up-to-date reviews on all aspects of marine biology that will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology and biological oceanography. New chapters cover The Sharks of Pacific Mexico and their Conservation - Why Should we Care?, Biodiversity and Conservation of Sharks in Pacific Mexico, Shark Ecology, The Role of the Apex Predator and Current Conservation Status, Review of Current Genetic Analyses for Sharks of Pacific Mexico and Conservation Implications, and much more. Reviews articles on the latest advances in marine biologyAuthored by leading figures in their respective fields of studyPresents material that is widely used by managers, students and academic professionals in the marine sciences