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Introduces the method of lower and upper solutions for ordinary differential equations. Divided into two sections, this book presents the fundamental features of the method. It also pays attention to other settings such as partial differential equations or functional differential equations. It features illustrated theorems by examples.

Features a blend of difference equations theory and its applications to economics. This book deals with the theory of linear (and linearized) difference equations, and nonlinear dynamical systems which have been applied to economic analysis. It studies the important concepts and theorems in difference equations theory.

Discusses the synthesis of high-value dyes and pigments as well as their applications and performance. This title includes chapters that are arranged so that the reader logically advances from the fundamental concepts to more practical aspects of the technology in which they are used.

Deals with an important branch of the dynamical systems theory: the study of the fine (fractal) structure of Poincare recurrences - instants of time when the system almost repeats its initial state. This book presents rules for action to study mathematical models of real systems. It contains standard theorems of dynamical systems theory.

Introduces a study of linear discrete parabolic problems through reducing the starting discrete problem to the Cauchy problem for an evolution equation in discrete time. This book contains a stability theory of discrete evolution equations in Banach space and gives applications of this theory to the analysis of modern discretization methods.

Provides an overview of general strategies used to investigate photochemical processes. This book gives insight into the conceptual and methodological research lines in computational photochemistry. It demonstrates techniques that can be used in the computer-aided design of novel photo responsive materials.

Including a description of the evolution of thinking on Finslerian geometry starting from Riemann, Finsler, Berwald and Elie Cartan, this book gives a treatment of this geometry. It includes the theory of connections of vectors and directions on the unitary tangent fibre bundle; and more.

Atomic collisions offer opportunities to study atomic structure and reaction mechanisms in experiment and theory, especially for projectiles of high atomic number provided by modern accelerators. This book offers an introduction into the field and provides basic understanding of the atomic processes occurring when a projectile hits another atom.

Highlights the biological activity and applications of boron containing compounds. This book surveys the general features of the subject, while exploring novel strategies for preparing certain chemical and natural boron products that are of significant substance in medicinal chemistry. It presents concepts and methods in simple scientific terms.

The modern theory of algebras of binary relations, reformulated by Tarski as an abstract, algebraic, equational theory of relation algebras, has mathematical significance. This work presents a treatment of the theory of relation algebras and the calculus of relations, which is devoted to a systematic development of the subject.

Exhorts the potential existence of covalent bonding in metals and alloys. Through the recognition of the covalent bond in coexistence with the 'free' electron band, this book describes and demonstrates how the many experimental observations on metals and alloys can all be reconciled.

Aiming to bridge historical, philosophical, societal and scientific aspects of heat, this book offers a comprehensive approach to the field of generalized thermodynamics. It covers topics such as: the concept of heat thermometry and calorimetry; concepts of temperature and its gradients; non-equilibrium and quantum thermodynamics; and more.

Biosensors are portable and convenient devices that permit the rapid and reliable analysis of substances. This book focuses on two areas of expanding biosensor development that include the detection of biological and chemical pathogens in the atmosphere, and biomedical applications, especially in healthcare.

Covers the developments in the use of animal models to study the effects of the space flight environment on human physiological systems. This work includes insights into the mechanisms and the potential role of gravity, stress, radiation and other space flight environment factors on physiological systems.

Fuzzy set and logic theory suggest that all natural language linguistic expressions are imprecise and must be assessed as a matter of degree. This work covers such topics as: Ontological grounding; Epistemological justification; Measurement of Membership; Breakdown of equivalences; FDCF is not equivalent to FCCF; Fuzzy Beliefs; and more.

Many developments, related to the interpretation and importance of symmetry relationships, quantum mechanics, general relativity, field theory and mathematics have occurred in the second half of the 20th century. By re-examining basic theories, this work aims to introduce an understanding of old concepts.

Explores the role of interdisciplinary exchange in the development and expansion of medical theory. This book contains essays on the growth and development of medical theories from some of the world's top clinicians and medical researchers, including Werner Arber, Frank Vertosick, and David Weatherall.

An introduction to the theory of bitopological spaces and its applications. It presents different families of subsets of bitopological spaces and various relations between two topologies are analyzed on one and the same set.

Presents a coherent picture of several formalisms of nonmonotonic logics. This book offers completeness and incompleteness results for many variants of preferential, distance based, and other semantics.

Provides readers with the different types of functional equations that they can find in practice, showing how they can be solved. This book also deals with functional networks and their applications, a generalization of neural networks that allows solving many practical problems.

Presents the systematization and description of accumulated knowledge on oceanic fronts of the Norwegian, Greenland, Barents and Bering Seas. This book contains information on the oceanic fronts of the Subarctic Seas, a brief history of their investigation, and detailed description of the thermohaline structure of all frontal zones in this area.

Aims to introduce scientists, from diverse fields to the branch of nanoscience. This volume gives accounts of the key fundamental aspects of nanomagnetism. It also discusses the static, dynamic and thermal properties of magnetic multilayers and nanostructures, and the phenomenon of exchange anisotropy.

Brings together two sets of related articles describing advances made in crystal growth science and technology since World War II. This book describes some of the early history of crystal growth prior to the electronics revolution, and upon which modern crystal growth science and technology is based.

Deep connections are emerging in the physics of non-thermal systems, such as granular media, and other "complex systems" such as glass formers, spin glasses, colloids or gels. This book discusses the unifying physical theories for the description of these systems.

Focuses on the developments in special distillation processes, such as separation methods that may prove useful for solving problems encountered during research. This work includes topics such as: extraction, membrane and adsorption distillation involving the separation principle, process design and experimental techniques.

Teams of researchers (from Basque Institutes and Universities) combine to present the state of knowledge, within a global context, of processes ranging from sub-seabed to air-sea interaction - incorporating data on the associated biology and pollutant sources and levels. The latter are compared with regional, national and European legislation.

Aims to analyze the institutional barriers to implementing market-based climate policy, as well as to provide some opportunities to overcome them. The approach is that of institutional economics, with special emphasis on political transaction costs and path dependence.

Includes advanced materials and nanocomposites based on silica and layered silicates obtained from resources in China. This book presents practical examples to show how to prepare the nanocomposites, and focuses on the inorganic phase, which is of wide practical and industrial significance.

Attempts to develop a general theory of the initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear evolution equations with pseudodifferential operators Ku on a half-line or on a segment. This work examines traditionally important problems, such as local and global existence of solutions and their properties.