Bøker utgitt av Four Courts Press

The Courts of Justice Act 1924 established the District Court, Circuit Court, High Court and Supreme Court. This book brings together legal scholars, historians and members of the judiciary, to reflect on the legacies of the 1924 Act. Making use of a range of sources and methodologies, the authors analyse the establishment of a new judiciary and some of the challenges facing the new legal order. This book reflects on some of the innovations in the 1924 Act and it includes comparative analysis of courts in other jurisdictions. It traces the position of the Irish language in the courts and considers how both the symbolism and the realities of the new courts were perceived in Irish society.

Country houses may be triumphs of architecture, fine and decorative art, and landscape design, but they are also about the history and transmission of ideas. In varying degrees their occupants thought, conversed, read, and responded to their milieu through books, newspapers, and other media. Their libraries and archives provide an invaluable record of how people in country houses fashioned themselves and their views of the world. The essays in this volume examine reading habits, book collections and practical applications of thinking to demonstrate how elite society exchanged ideas, absorbed new trends, and engaged in wider debate.

From the author's extensive collection given to Trinity College in 1996, 105 caricatures, political and social, have been selected that poke fun at the Irish during London's golden age of caricature. Some of them lampoon (or, occasionally, stand up for) celebrated or notorious individuals, among them Edmund Burke, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the duke of Wellington, John Philpot Curran, Thomas Moore, Viscount Castlereagh and Lady Caroline Lamb. Others target the sturdily built Irish labourers who migrated to London in search of work, and whose undercutting of local wages was much resented. Many prints, too, were published in Dublin, where plagiarism was rife, alleviated occasionally by witty adaptations.

É lie BouhÉ reau (1643- 1719) was a French medical doctor and scholar from a prosperous merchant family prominent in the Reformed Church of La Rochelle. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes BouhÉ reau fled France, and the personal library and correspondence of this brilliant refugee wended their way through Europe to become one of the formative collections of Marsh's Library, Dublin, where he served as Ireland's first public librarian. This volume explores the worlds BouhÉ reau traversed and impacted through investigation of his print and manuscript collections.

This book explores a new way of looking at the reformation in Ireland. Traditionally Irish historians have described early modern religious change on a national basis, from a confessional perspective and have been concerned with short term ' success' or ' failure' . Using St Nicholas's collegiate church in Galway as a paradigm this book approaches the problem from a local perspective, encompassing both the Protestant and Catholic reformations as they were played out in that church. In doing so it reveals religious change not as a something to be measured in the short term but as something that slowly evolved over two centuries, changing not only buildings but hearts and minds also. This is a recreation of the social history of both a building and the communities that used it from the medieval world to the recognisably modern one.

Lough is one of the most significant archaeological sites ever discovered in Ireland. From 1980 to 1998 excavations were directed by John Bradley. This exceptional multi-period wetland site yielded a rich artefactual assemblage from multiple levels and phases - Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and medieval. Over the years, Bradley produced interim reports and published several articles about the findings, but when he passed away suddenly in 2014, the final excavation report remained incomplete. The Moynagh Lough Project was re-established in 2018 and several strands of post-excavation research have been completed. With twenty essays by a field of national and international experts and specialists, Moynagh Lough Studies is the first book-length volume dedicated to this important archaeological site. It contains essays on medieval and prehistoric artefacts including bone, clay, crucibles, glass, leather, lithics, metalworking, textiles, quern-stones, and a very rare ogam inscribed antler, as well as specialist reports on archaeo-botany, charcoal and wood, dendrochronology, faunal remains, a biomolecular study of coprolites, and the isotopic analysis of pig remains.

This volume presents a rich variety of new scholarly explorations of life in medieval Dublin, including an analysis by Bruce Campbell of the occupational profile of medieval Dubliners as revealed by records such as the famous Guild Merchant Roll; we also present Valentin Rothaupt's analytical comparison of the spectrum of occupations and the influence of guilds in Dublin with those of Gaffeln in the German city of Cologne; Peter Crooks calls attention to the huge collection of Latin deeds surviving from the medieval city and their enormous historical value, while Sarah Hendriks discusses the records of Dublin's late medieval guild of carpenters.

May 2nd, 2019, marked the 850th anniversary of the first landing in Co. Wexford in 1169 of the Anglo-Norman adventurers enlisted by the king of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada. Their arrival marked the start of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Within two years, Henry II would become the first reigning English monarch to set foot on Irish soil. In what was arguably the single-most consequential event in Irish history, King Henry formally brought the island under the lordship of the English crown, a constitutional relationship that endures to the present day in the case of Northern Ireland. The proceedings of the national conference marking the anniversary of that event are collected in this volume.

Dublin - capital of Ireland and, to some at least, the ' second city of the Empire' - was central to the Irish Revolution. But there were many different ' Dublins', including the city borough and its suburban townships, picturesque seaside settlements and the Dublin and Wicklow mountains to the south, and a rural hinterland to the north and west. The city was a hub for the development of the suffrage and republican movements. It also witnessed the largest industrial dispute in the history of the island in 1913, the bulk of the fighting at Easter 1916, and some of the most famous (and infamous) moments of the War of Independence and Civil War. There was also a relatively large and well-organized unionist minority, chiefly centered around the southside townships. The north and west of the county, meanwhile, shared more in common with neighbouring counties than with the city. This book provides a rounded and original overview of revolution in both Dublin city and county. It highlights the sometimes vast differences in experience in urban and rural Dublin, and the wide range of political and military activity undertaken by Dubliners. In particular, the book focusses on ' ordinary' or rank-and-file participants alongside those who took no part at all but witnessed seminal - and not so seminal - moments in Irish history as they happened around them.

This volume brings together Nicola Gordon Bowe's most important writings on the Arts and Crafts movement in Ireland, including insightful essays on its cultural and art historical background and contexts, the leading patrons and artists of the movement, as well as key studies of the metalwork, textiles, stained glass, furniture and book design associated with this dramatic flourishing of art and design production in Ireland between 1894 and 1925. Bowe's ability to scrutinize the decorative arts visually, physically and aesthetically is matched by her awareness of the rich intellectual and cultural contexts that gave rise to its production. Her insights into this significant period in Irish cultural history provide the reader with a nuanced understanding of the diverse motivations and achievements of the craftworkers and artists who produced these objects, as well as the roles played by the networks of patrons, critics and supporters that enabled the movement to thrive. Bowe's research places the Arts and Crafts movement firmly within the contexts of the Cultural Revival.

The Irish Jacobite army was the largest body of Irish soldiers ever to go into battle prior to the twentieth century. Although largely a new force, for three years, in alliance with France, it sustained a major war against a multi-national and more professional Williamite army, involving pitched battles, sieges and other military operations throughout Ireland. This book outlines the course of the war, but primarily its focus is on a detailed examination of the army's various aspects. The coverage includes the army's peacetime origins; its reaction to the 1688 revolution; descriptions and analysis of the infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineering corps, and of the legal, medical and chaplaincy services. There is treatment of the army's command and staff structure, its finance and logistics, the French dimension and the roles of various auxiliary forces that supported it. The backgrounds and beliefs of its personnel are also considered. Many of the army's personalities are introduced. The army's eventual fate and its lingering tradition on the continent are described.

At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the south Connacht lordships of Clanrickard and Hy Many lay beyond the effective control of the Tudor government. Clanrickard was ruled by the Burke dynasty, descendants of the thirteenth-century Anglo-Norman conquerors and colonists of Connacht, while Hy Many was governed by the indigenous Gaelic Irish O' Kelly lords. The author charts the episodic expansion of English rule into the lordships, while taking cognizance of major government initiatives such as the surrender and regrant programme of the early 1540s, the establishment of the Connacht presidency in 1569, and the composition of Connacht in 1585. The difficulties experienced by the historically hostile political communities of Clanrickard and Hy Many as they endeavoured to accommodate the expanding Tudor state are analysed and discussed, as are the consequent changes in the political, social and economic fabric of the province of Connacht.

St. Brigid is the earliest and best-known of the female saints of Ireland. In the generation after St. Patrick, she established a monastery for men and women at Kildare which became one of the most powerful and influential centres of the Church in early Ireland. The stories of Brigid's life and deeds survive in several early sources, but the most important are two Latin lives written a century or more after her death. The first was composed by a churchman named Cogitosus and tells of her many miracles of healing and helping the poor. The second source, known as the Vita Prima, continues the tradition with more tales of marvellous deeds and journeys throughout the island. Both Latin sources are a treasure house of information not just about the legends of Brigid but also daily life, the role of women, and the spread of Christianity in Ireland. This book for the first time presents together an English translation of both the Life of Brigid by Cogitosus and the Vita Prima, along with the Latin text of both carefully edited from the best medieval manuscripts. Also included are an introduction, notes, and commentary to help general readers, students, and scholars in reading these fascinating stories of St. Brigid.

Éigse is devoted to the cultivation of a wide range of research on the Irish language and its literature, embracing both textual and contextual studies. Volume 41 contains articles ranging from an edition of a medieval Irish text to modern regional dialects. Other contributions in both Irish and English, from established and emerging scholars in Ireland and abroad, include the fields of place-names, keening, lexicography, the revival movement, and the contents of a recently identified Gaelic manuscript in Massachusetts. This volume also contains substantial review articles on Amrae Coluimb Chille, the lives of the saints, and the history of theatre in Irish, as well as a broad range of book reviews on many aspects of Irish studies.

The turbulent revolutionary period in modern Irish history from 1912 to 1923 had a profound impact on the political, economic and social make-up of Laois. The issue of land that had dominated the landscape of Laois from the late nineteenth century onwards, continued to do so during the Irish revolutionary years, often intertwined with the major political developments of the era. Cormac Moore's book explores how seismic national events from the Third Home Rule Crisis, through to the First World War, the 1916 Easter Rising, the War of Independence and the Civil War affected Laois. Moore's book provides a comprehensive extensively researched account of how the Irish Revolution impacted on all sections of Laois society at the time, with its effects reverberating for years after.

Coroners who conducted inquests into sudden and suspicious deaths in nineteenth century Ireland were viewed with disdain and disrespect in a society that was highly politicised and deeply divided. Whilst men who served in the role represented the authority of government and the need for social order and justice, it often put them at odds with Ireland's local elite - particularly when identifying corruption, social and moral deficit and sectarian murder. Were coroners dishonest or did they share the reputation of their English counterparts as 'magistrates of the people'? The Irish Coroner is an historical and social analysis of the coroner in pre-Famine, Famine and post-Famine Ireland and exposes a gap in Irish administrative history. It uses the life and work of William Charles Waddell, Esq. who served as coroner in north County Monaghan over three decades from 1846 to 1877 as a case study. The book uses a unique set of coroners' inquests. It is an uninterrupted set of records over 31 years of an Irish coroner's career. There is no other like it. The Irish Coroner offers, for the first time, the social importance of death investigation within local communities, particularly during

Nathaniel Colgan MRIA, a self-taught botanist, was known for his research on the 'real' shamrock and for his encyclopaedic survey, The flora of the county Dublin. Little was known of his early life and family or of his interests beyond botany, marine biology, mountaineering, and his day-job. He was remembered for being shy, but perhaps it was more a case of being reserved on account of his personal background. When he was 14, he and his siblings were orphaned and brought up in the Coombe, Dublin. Held in high esteem by his peers, he rose to become a Member of the Royal Irish Academy. This study uncovers his hidden past, from the grandfather whose silk-weaving business waned to his espousal of Gaelic culture: a founder of the Feis Cheoil movement and a member of the Gaelic League, he was the subject of a secret police report when he supported the promotion of a member of the Volunteers as his successor as head clerk in the Dublin police court.

As Ireland descended into war in 1689, Londonderry was isolated and besieged. Unable to stop the Irish advance or to control the "ungovernable rabble" that flooded into the city, the governor deserted. The city's defence was left to men described by their commander as "rogues" and "sons of whores." In the desperate fighting that followed, every assault on the city's walls ended in failure, as did every attempt to drive the Irish off. Exasperated by the inexperienced Irish officers, the French took over the siege. The city was saved by a combination of the sturdy defences and an outbreak of typhus which killed almost half the population (and all the children), a tragedy without which the city would have been starved into an early surrender. This new book casts a critical eye over these sources, and for the first time provides a thorough analysis of the wealth of material that has since come to light recently. Every aspect of the siege is held up to careful scrutiny and retold. The result is an account of the siege very different to any published to date.

Marking the 2020 centenary of his death, this book explores the judicial legacy of chief baron Christopher Palles, the last chief baron of the Court of Exchequer Ireland, in a judicial career spanning over 40 years from 1874 to 1916. It brings together legal scholars, legal historians, and social historians to critically analyse the impact of a leading figure in the development of Irish law and society in the late nineteenth century across a range of fields including land law, tort law, administrative and company law, charity law, criminal and civil procedure. In the first scholarly assessment of its kind, this collection examines Palles' contribution through his most enduring legacy--his written judgments--and tracks the global and lasting influence of those decisions in subsequent cases and contemporary legal scholarship throughout the common law world.

Since the end of the eighteenth century, the United States has offered sanctuary and support to Irish men and women engaged in the struggle for Irish independence from Britain. When violence broke out in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s, the newly formed Provisional IRA again turned to the Irish American community for assistance. Founded in 1970, Irish Northern Aid (NORAID) became the chief moral and financial supporters of the Republican movement, raising millions of dollars. This book represents a unique examination of an organisation that was never too far from the headlines in Ireland, the UK, and the US. Featuring interviews with a number of key individuals, including former national publicity director Martin Galvin, the book combines these accounts with archival research, contemporary newspaper reports, and considerable secondary research to produce a compelling narrative that should be critical reading for anyone interested in Irish American history and the Northern Ireland Troubles.

In October 1750 Walter Butler, a Waterford sea captain, purchased a ship in the port of Bordeaux and had it refitted there before loading it with wine, brandy, and other French produce for his home port. Renamed the Catherine after his wife, the ship spent the winter in Waterford where Butler and his men prepared for a voyage to Newfoundland. She departed for the fishery in April 1751 with "passengers" (seasonal migrants) and salt provisions, returning home in the fall. Over the next six years The Catherine completed three more round trips to Newfoundland and voyages to London, Tenby, Dublin, Cork, Lisbon, Cadiz, and Seville. The brig was captured off St. Lucar by a French privateer in spring, 1757. Butler's account of the Catherine survives (Prize Papers, High Court of Admiralty). The ledger contains the most detailed description of a Waterford ship, shipmaster, and crew for the eighteenth century. It is a record of everyday economic exchanges with merchants, traders, artisans, and labourers in Waterford city and in the ports and fishing harbours visited by the Catherine overseas, in England, Wales, France, Iberia, and in faraway Newfoundland.

Lansdowne FC is one of the most iconic rugby clubs in Ireland. Based at the headquarters of Irish rugby, the Club was established even before the international game came to Lansdowne Road. The brain-child of the visionary H.W.D. Dunlop, Lansdowne FC has been a central player in the history of Irish rugby for 150 years. Generation after generation of Irish greats have plied their trade with the Club: J.J. Coffey, Ernie Crawford, Eugene Davy, Jack Arigho, Morgan Crowe, Ned Lightfoot, Con Murphy, Alan Duggan, Moss Keane, Mick Quinn, Dick and Donal Spring, Michael Kiernan, Eric Elwood, Conor O'Shea, Shane Horgan, Gordon D'Arcy, and many, many more. This book also looks at the social and cultural world of club-life and the people who make it happen. From fund-raising to tea-making and from pitch to pavilion, the driving forces behind the success and survival of a sporting club over 150 years, through wars and revolution and global economic depressions and health pandemics, are the people themselves. The history of Lansdowne FC epitomizes the ability of people to associate and come together in order to overcome calumny, penury, death, and disease in a journey that is universal in nature: to strive to do better, and to be better.

This book uncovers the world of Charles Owen O'Conor, "the O'Conor Don" (1838-1906), a Catholic landlord and MP from County Roscommon. The scion of the last high king of Ireland and one of a long line of politically active O'Conors, he was destined for a life in politics and served as Liberal MP for County Roscommon between 1860 and 1880. In parliament, he pursued reforms in education, juvenile care, factory law, Sunday closing, the Irish language, and landownership. However, as a loyalist and a unionist, he was out of step with the mood and aims of popular Irish nationalism, especially on the issue of home rule. Indeed, what this book demonstrates is that although he was a devout Catholic and proud Irishman, his attachment to the union, the crown, and the empire ensured that he became an increasingly marginal figure in Irish politics between 1880 and his passing in 1906.

In December 1922 General Nevil Macready sailed away from Dublin for the last time, marking the end of British rule in most of Ireland. Macready was the last in a long line of commanders of the British army in Ireland. The contribution of these men to Irish history has been overlooked. This book seeks to highlight the significant impact made by these generals who were household names in their time. Detailed for the first time are the commanders' duties, which included suppressing rebellion, guarding against enemy invasion, maintaining discipline and promoting the welfare of the army. In addition, their wider role in Irish society is revealed, highlighting their significant influence on the artistic, cultural, and economic life of the country. There is also a focus on the challenges faced by the commanders in managing relations with Dublin Castle, which resulted in crises such as the 'Abercromby affair' on the eve of the 1798 rebellion and the Curragh 'mutiny' in March 1914. A key theme throughout the book is the gradual shift in attitude towards the commanders due to the growth in Irish nationalism, which would eventually culminate in the evacuation of British Forces in December 1922.

Tracing their history to the foundation of the Irish Volunteers in 1913, the Irish Defence Forces have undergone significant transformation in the century since the foundation of the Free State. Plunged immediately into a civil war, the path to a modern professional force during the 1920s and 1930s was rarely smooth, with progression hampered by internal dissent, political manoeuvrings, and limited financial investment. The difficulties of creating and maintaining a force capable of defending the neutrality of a small island nation, with a geopolitical and strategic importance that belied its size, were brought home during the Second World War/Emergency. The state's adherence to its policy of neutrality created new opportunities following accession to the United Nations in 1955, with the Defence Forces emerging as a vital element of Ireland's international relations. Beginning in 1958 and in every year since, members of the Forces have served overseas on UN peacekeeping missions, and later with EEC/EU military operations. At home, the Forces' duties in aid of the civil power became ever more vital with the outbreak of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland in 1969, inaugurating a new era of security operations along the border, while in recent decades the Defence Forces have been confronted with a number of challenges, both internal and external. This richly illustrated book explores the landmark successes and achievements, struggles, and missteps of the Defence Forces over the past century. Highlighting the men and women of all components of the Forces--Army, Air Corps, Naval Service, and Reserve--and their operational roles both in Ireland and internationally.,

This book explores the everyday character and functions of domestic spaces in Georgian Ireland. While the design and decoration of the country pile and the aristocratic town house enjoys a long and distinguished literature, to date there has been no sustained examination of how rooms were habitually occupied and experienced, or how different social demographics--not least the burgeoning 'middling sorts'--might have informed approaches to spatial design and functionality. Drawing on recent pioneering research, the topics and themes addressed here range widely from comfort, privacy, and multiple occupancy to sociability, maternity, and piety. Focusing on how different species of domestic spaces were used and inhabited, from mansions and merchant houses to lodgings and farm house cabins, this book expands our understanding of house and home in Ireland in the long eighteenth century.

Country houses have always been a magnet for visitors. In early days individuals with the correct social credentials could gain entry, while visitors such as royalty were self-invited guests. With the rise of the railway and then the motor-car, houses became accustomed to mass visits, spawning the heritage industry of today. However, houses have also attracted less-welcome incomers: looters, arsonists, emigrés, revolutionaries, the politically undesirable, carpetbaggers, and even photographers whom one owner described as worse than burglars. This volume explores the many kinds of visitors who have crossed the thresholds of country houses, and how they have recorded their impressions--whether in sketches, journals, guest-books, works of fiction, or photographs.

This collection featuring eleven essays by established and early career scholars explores multiple dimensions to the Jesuit mission in Early Modern Ireland. Themes include women and Jesuit ministry in seventeenth-century Ireland (M.A. Lyons), the Latin writings of seventeenth-century Irish Jesuits (Jason Harris), Jesuit involvement in exorcisms in seventeenth-century Ireland (Alma O'Donnell), the mission of the Jesuits in the cities in early seventeenth-century Ireland (Colm Lennon), Jesuit schooling in Ireland, 1660-90 (Martin Foerster), Jesuit conversions in Wentworth's Ireland: the Slingsby family, Co. Cork (Brian Mac Cuarta), Irish Jesuits and religious controversy in English: an episode from the 1630s (Brian Jackson), the correspondence of William Good SJ and the Jesuit mission in Elizabethan Ireland, 1564-c.1570 (Alexander De Witt SJ and Thomas McCoog SJ), the Jesuits and music in early modern Ireland (Raymond Gillespie), popular preaching and the Jesuit mission in seventeenth-century Ireland (Bernadette Cunningham), and the Irish Jesuit College in Poitiers, 1674-1762 (Liam Chambers).

This beautifully illustrated book explores sources for botany and gardening in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ireland. It investigates the contributions of individuals such as Philip O'Sullivan Beare and Thomas Molyneux in the seventeenth century, and, for the eighteenth century, focuses on the Revd Caleb Threlkeld, whose Synopsis stirpium Hibernicarum (Dublin, 1726) was the first botanical book published in Ireland. Chapters shed light on the books in early eighteenth-century libraries, such as that of Dr. Edward Worth and of Marsh's Library in Dublin, and demonstrate the impact of the explorations of the Dutch East India Company on knowledge of the flora of distant lands. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the glorious botanical works in the Fagel Collection, bought by Trinity College Dublin in 1802. The changing nature of eighteenth-century gardens and landscapes and the factors affecting their growth and renown bring the book to a close.

Throughout the long history of Irish monasticism, the experience of women monastics has, until recently, been relatively sidelined. A desire to redress this inspired the decision in 2021 to dedicate the Fifth Glenstal History Conference to exploring the various ways in which women responded to the monastic and ascetic vocation in Medieval and Early Modern Ireland. Whether as practitioners or as patrons, women found creative and dynamic ways to pursue their calling as 'Brides of Christ' between the fifth and the seventeenth centuries, often in the face of tremendous difficulties and challenges. Their lives of prayer and service are sometimes hard to glimpse but the combined interdisciplinary perspectives of these essays brings them into sharper focus. The collection also demonstrates the current vitality of research on this topic and includes contributions by both established and emerging scholars. The volume is dedicated to Dr. Dagmar Ó Riain Raedel in recognition of her outstanding contribution to Irish and European medieval history and, in particular, to the study of medieval Irish-German monastic relations.