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As a demonstration of expertise, students have to have a large vocabulary pool on which to draw in writing the continuous assessment essay (CAE) and final-year project that culminate in the award of the classes of the degrees of their choice. Yet, no teacher¿s laudatory efforts can enable his or her students to perform excellently well without the latter taking part of the responsibility for their own learning in such a way as to learn to go beyond the constraints of the use of the common everyday vocabulary item, as stressed in the classroom, and making choice pickings from that additional pool of words they come to know about from their own efforts at pleasurable reading of many kinds. Once the vocabulary pool has been enhanced, it is then put to good use in bouts of writing ¿ assigned both in the classroom and outside it. It is to that end that this introductory book was written.

The Kamoro are an ethnolinguistic group of Papuans living along the north shore of the Arafura Sea and a short distance inland. Like other Papuan groups, they take advantage of the resources available to them. This book lists the Kamoros¿ natural resources with the emphasis on what they actually use from their ecosystems: the sea, the estuaries, the mangroves and the tropical rain forest. A study of the natural resources in four separate areas was undertaken by the author in the year 2000. The research was conducted in Iwaka, an inland village, Pigapu Village, an inland riverside settlement, the coastal village of Atuka, and Paopao, a semi-temporary agglomeration of related clans located on a rived they owned traditionally. The information was gathered in the Indonesian language, supplemented by the names in the local Kamoro dialects. The author and his Kamoro informants consulted together books illustrating various animal groups in order to obtain the names in English, Indonesian, Kamoro as well as the all-important universal binomial scientific designation. This research was a part of a wider study by the author on the risk assessment of the influence of the mining company Freeport Indonesia due to the tailings from processing of the mined ores. The tailings had a considerable effect on the lifestyles of the Kamoro who lived in the areas where they were deposited. The various chapters in the book concentrate on the vegetation (and especially that of the mangroves) with various chapters devoted to the most important animal groups used by the Kamoro for food and a variety of other purposes. These groups include birds, fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, reptiles, mammals and insects. An appendix groups different designations together, such as Latin name and Kamoro name, then Kamoro name followed by the Latin one. All the various animal groups are treated this way for convenient quick references. English names are also listed. The book ends with a bibliography of all the references consulted.

Papua New Guinea has an extensive preamble in her Constitution. Part of the preamble is the National Goals and Directive Principles (goals) and Basic Social Obligations (obligations). They set out the objectives of what Papua New Guinea should aspire towards. The Constitution requires all governmental bodies, which includes the judiciary, the parliament, the executive government and Ombudsman Commission to implement them. The book sets out practical, efficient and effective constitutional and legal recommendations for these limbs of government to implement the goals and obligations.

This book is the result of more than three decades of in-depth research regarding the representation of gays and lesbians in African, Asian and Latin American cinema. The study consists of a contextualisation and analysis of South African Queer features, as well as selected short films and documentaries.

Les ménages africains ont leur mode de vie en rapport avec le genre entre les hommes et les femmes, mais ce mode de vie peut changer selon le contexte et les circonstances. Ce livre analyse les rapports de genre entre les hommes et les femmes sur le changement de leurs rôles et leurs statuts dans le camp des réfugiés burundais de Lusenda lié aux moyens financiers. Les hommes ayant perdus leurs responsabilités par manque des moyens et ne sont plus respectés dans les ménages. Les femmes ont pris les relèves des responsabilités dans leurs ménages et cherchent à dominer les hommes, ce qui semblent créer les violences sexuelles et basées sur le genre.

Le présent travail vise essentiellement la contribution des associations de la société civile à la consolidation de la paix au Burundi. Le Burundi a connu des crises sociopolitiques quasi cycliques qui se sont répercutées sur le vivre ensemble et le développement des communautés locales. Il s¿agira de découvrir la contribution de l¿ASBL NDUWAMAHORO-NVA, une association créée au temps fort de la crise sociopolitique qui a débuté avec l¿assassinat du Président Melchior NDADAYE le 21.Oct.1993

How might we understand religion, particularly Christianity, in a country that exudes real paradoxes in politics, culture and development? Religion is an ambivalent phenomenon. It can either be used to wage war or peace; engender love or hatred, build a society or destroy it, fight against corruption or enable it, and so forth. In Nigeria, religion has become a powerful and obsessive instrument to mediate or construct anything. Religion is used to create, secure, maintain, defend one¿s space and attack another¿s. This volume, in honour of an erudite New Testament scholar, Professor Olu E. Alana, is an assemblage of essays that critically examine how religion has been utilised to nuance philosophical, political, indigenous, social, theological, sexual, health and educational issues that border on Nigeriäs development.

Think religion, think Nigeria! the saying goes. Although the description that Africans are notoriously and incurably religious has been caustically criticised and contested, it appears that it is more or less a theoretical or intellectual exercise than practical reality. One may still be persuaded to argue that Nigeria is still as furiously religious in the twenty-first century as it was before the advent of missionary religions and colonialism. Although philosophy is often conceived as a tool of analysis of religious truth claims and of religious phenomena, the strong resonance of religion in everyday life and encounter has made analytic philosophy to tread with caution in Nigeria. In fact, many of the philosophers are as furiously religious outside the classroom as other people they unsympathetically criticise. However, the need for philosophy is urgent, to at least, clarify and analyse the texture of religious claim that seems to not help the country so much.

This book delves into the intricate dynamics of peace agreement between the MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Fron) and the Government of the Philippines, specifically focusing on the centuries-old Bangsamoro issue in Mindanao. Despte the intentions of establishing lasting peace, the active involvement of a wide array of government bodies and stakeholders is crucial for the agreement's success.This study zooms in on the 39 Local Government Units (LGUs) in Maguindanao, examining their participation in the peace negotiations.It examines their efforts in shaping their agendas through alliances, inter-LGU coordination, and articulation of their roles in the peace process.Moreover, it emphasizes the crucial need for the genuine and representative inclusion of local political actors in both parallel and gorizontal levels of the Mindanao peace process, underlining its significance not only for successful negotiations but also for addressing their vested interests in the pursuit of enduring peace.

Ce livre tire, en effet, son origine du constat des difficultés de nombreux apprenants burundais à s¿exprimer avec aisance en français. Devant ce constat, nous avons cherché à connaître les causes qui expliquent ce handicap, alors que ces apprenants burundais passent plus de 600 heures au secondaire à apprendre cette langue. Il nous fallait également savoir les raisons pour lesquelles ces élèves ne lisent pas et comprendre pourquoi ils ne font pas preuve de créativité au niveau littéraire. Ces questions ont donné lieu à un livre structurée en deux parties essentielles.Dans la première partie de ce livre, nous présentons la configuration sociolinguistique du Burundi en rendant compte de la place et du rôle des langues en usage dans ce pays. Nous avons par la suite fait connaître l¿institution scolaire du Burundi en présentant son organisation, ses différents démembrements et les services qui s¿occupent de l¿enseignement du français et les programmes de cet enseignement. Dans cette partie, nous avons également présenté les disciplines et les concepts clés sur lesquels repose cette étude et la méthodologie de recherche que nous avons adoptée.Dans la deuxième partie de ce livre nous exposons les résultats de notre recherche et nous les avons analysés par la suite. Ainsi dans un premier chapitre, ce sont les pratiques linguistiques orales et écrites de lycéens burundais qui ont été étudiées. Ces pratiques linguistiques ont été décrites sous les aspects morphosyntaxiques, lexico¬ sémantiques et phonético-phonologiques. Le deuxième chapitre de cette partie rend compte des réponses des enseignants à un questionnaire d¿enquête. Le troisième chapitre de cette partie montre que les enseignants n¿intègrent pas à ce jour les nouvelles approches de l¿enseignement-apprentissage du français qui mettent l¿apprenant au c¿ur de la formation.

À quelques exceptions près, tout le monde fait la cuisine tous les jours, de diverses manières, avec différents outils et avec un succès variable.La situation énergétique au Burundi reste préoccupante à cause de la démographie galopante et de l¿urbanisation extensive. La population Burundaise utilise en grande partie de la biomasse (bois de chauffe et charbon de bois) pour la cuisson. Les foyers traditionnels couramment utilisés à l¿échelle ménage pour la cuisson sont inefficaces. La transition vers les foyers améliorés avec une performance énergétique (à bois et à charbon de bois) au remplacement des foyers traditionnels à trois pierres et braséro est très indispensable.La technique des foyers améliorés s¿offre donc, comme une mesure d¿accompagnement du reboisement et leur adoption contribuera aux économies des ménages, à la réduction du bois énergie et à la maitrise du temps de cuisson. Ce qui contribue à l¿amélioration des conditions de vie de la Population Burundaise et à la sauvegarde environnementale.

Pebble in the Brook: RehabDramatics and the Engagement of Drama Therapy in Nigeria evaluates the unique challenges of engaging the performing arts in the education and rehabilitation of children and young adults with disabilities in Nigeria. The book provides information on the integration of oral and performative art forms in Nigeria in engendering qualitative developments from challenged individuals and host communities.

The tax and revenue management policies and regulations of a number of oil-rich countries were briefly reviewed and compared to Ghanäs oil and gas taxation and revenue management legislation. A key finding is the noncompliance of the Government of Ghana with the provisions in the Petroleum Revenue Management Act (PRMA), which potentially makes the occurrence of the ¿oil curse¿ in Ghana more likely. The research recommends that the Government of Ghana put in place adequate measures, underpinned by appropriate legislation, to enable the retention and investment of its share of oil revenues, and also deal with oil revenue volatility. The Government of Ghana should design a long-term fiscal strategy, based upon high quality, long-term economic and revenue projections, which includes a sensitivity analysis. The PRMA requires amendment in the areas of accounting for the oil and gas revenues, setting up safeguards for the use of the revenues accrued from the oil and gas sector, as well as ad- hering strictly to the priority areas determined for the allocation of the petroleum revenues. This will allow for robust provisions and safety nets to be enshrined in oil and gas taxation and revenue management laws, to safeguard the revenue inflows for development.

This book compares the two sides of New Guinea: the independent country of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the West New Guinea (WNG) that forms a part of the Republic of Indonesia. By sharing the same island there are many similarities that apply to both sides such as the ethnic makeup in the eastern and western halves of New Guinea. Yet differences exist: geologies and geographies underlie some basic difference: outward maritime trade routes in the west focus toward the Moluccas while those in the east look towards the South Pacific. The inland trade routes are similar in the highlands following the dictates of the rugged terrain. Stone blades for axes and adzes were among the most important trade items everywhere, along with salt from local saline pools. The island¿s Babel of over 1,100 languages has prevented any large-scale political entities. And while the art styles show some similarities, marked differences are found in the east and the west. The colonization process defines much of the current differences between the two sides. The west was colonized by the Dutch as part of their East Indies domain, now Indonesia. In the east, the British and the Germans were the first to take possession, with Australia taking over the entire west after 1914. Treatment of the Papuans differed considerably. In the west, it was almost complete neglect as the Dutch were mostly interested in the productive money generating parts of the East Indies, lacking in West New Guinea. In what became Papua New Guinea, working in plantations and gold mining depended on cheap Papuan labor, with their treatment showing considerable variation. World War II affected the two sides quite differently. The Japanese juggernaut rolled over the north coast of West New Guinea, then that of PNG before being stopped in the Solomon Islands. The expulsion of the Japanese took nearly three years on the PNG side but only a few months in WNG. This difference had profound effects, quite different on the two sides. The post war history in PNG headed for eventual independence in 1975 while WNG came to resemble an Indonesian colony with practically no political voice for the Papuans. Only a rebel movement contests Indonesian hegemony. The last chapter on mining shows the differences between the two sides on this most important element of their economies. Basic land ownership, individual and clan rights cause many problems in PNG while Indonesian control negated any difficulties for any mining approved by the central government in Jakarta.

The importance of the mass media in a modern democracy has been a subject of discussion among the participants in the political space of every democratic society. The complex and diverse nature of the 21st century global society further accentuates audience reliance on the mass media for information about the all-important political sector of every democratic society, which dictates the pace in other sectors of society. The importance of the media could be understood in their pervasiveness, which makes people learn almost everything about the world through the media. The ability of the media to disseminate information and engender citizens¿ political involvement in modern democracy and to influence the populace on different ideologies are fundamental in journalistic engagement. Within this context, hate speech is inimical to individual and group rights as well as political stability. The argument for freedom of the media as an extension of freedom of speech, on the basis of which reporters may find a dilemma, does not guarantee legal immunity against hate speech restriction. Thus, this book is useful to teachers in journalistic training institutions, media entrepreneurs, practicing and aspiring journalists as well as scholars and researchers.

This book provides an insight on the Buddhist way of Thai temple life in German diasporic context. It is based on input from several Thai Buddhist communities in Germany where the first-generation Thai transmigrants construct and form a sense of belonging by actively participatingin temple life. It also explores the multifaceted role that Thai temples play in the lives of Thai transmigrants. Moreover, this book combines the anthropology of diasporas with Buddhism and identity.ABOUT THE SERIESDevelopments in the field of area studies ¿ goaded by the analytical deconstruction of world regions from their geopolitical sense ¿ have deeply affected the knowledge production from societies and cultures located in the politicized compartmentalization of the globe. With this series, the editors and authors wish to contribute to a reformulation of sensibilities in area studies which emphasizes the epistemic value of contextualized knowledge production. Starting with the notion of Southeast Asia, books published in this series will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of regionality based on a multidisciplinary approach. The series represents an outlet for young scholars intending to publish their degree theses; and for established scholars who are looking for a place to republish out-of-print books. We also encourage scholarly collectives from the regions to publish collaborative works or edited volumes on topics that usually will not attract the attention of big presses due to their transdisciplinary orientation.EDITORIAL BOARDProf. Caroline S. HauProf. Vincent HoubenProf. Barend TerwielDr. Xue LiDr. Benjamin BaumannDr. Daniel Bultmann

The International Court of Justice case law has set a standard that meets international expectations as far as the principle of review is concerned, a standard that should not be deviated from, particularly when the laws guiding the said principle are similar to ICTR laws.Unfortunately, in the Barayagwiza case, the Appeals Chamber decision of 31.03.2000 on the prosecutor¿s request for review or reconsideration was reached contrary to the prescriptions of the ICTY rules and on untenable grounds.This research appeals to judges and other actors to put aside the Barayagwiza Appeal¿s decision and not to consider the said decision as a relevant authority as far as the concept of review is concerned.

Dr. Temesgen Burka is an academic staff of Addis Ababa University, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Management: "As an ethnoarchaeologist and Museologist, I love to share the result of my work on traditional craft - an experience from Wollega - my birth place, a region richly endowed with the antiquity of cultural and natural resources."

Contribution de la Congrégation des Frères Bene Yozefu à l¿accompagnement des personnes âgées en commune de Giheta,tel est le titre de fin d¿études en sciences sociales. En abordant les soucis, les questions sans oublier les joies du troisième et du quatrième âge, auteur montre la préoccupation de la Congrégation des Frères Bene Yozefu, en vue de promouvoir et de protéger la dignité de la personne humaine même dans son état de vieillesse.

Die Kunsttheorien des 20. Jahrhunderts wurden "gewiß ohne Kenntnis der rhetorischen Tradition geschrieben, mit der sie jedoch auf ausgeprägte Weise zusammenhängen. Ihre Rekonstruktion ist bis heute ein Desiderat der Kunstgeschichte geblieben." (Historisches Wörterbuch der Rhetorik)Diese Arbeit macht es sich zur Aufgabe durch eine rhetorische Interpretation des Textes Über das Geistige in der Kunst einen Beitrag zu dieser Rekonstruktion zu leisten. Die Perspektive rhetorischer Forschung birgt hierbei auf mehrfache Weise einen Vorteil in sich, wobei erstmals gezeigt werden kann, dass Kandinsky die kunsttheoretischen Forderungen seiner Lehre der Affekte und Figuren für die Malerei auch in der Argumentation des Textes umsetzt. Diese analoge Beschreibung von sprachlichen und malerischen Mitteln anhand rhetoriktheoretischer Begrifflichkeiten macht einen Kategorientransfer möglich, der den Weg zu einer Interpretation der Kunsttheorie Kandinskys ebnet und gleichzeitig belegt, dass Kandinsky die Mittel, die er für die Malerei fordert, auch einsetzt, um seine Argumentation in Über das Geistige in der Kunst zu stützen. Damit bestätigt die Analyse, was vorab in einem historischen Kontext erarbeitet wurde: Über das Geistige in der Kunst muss als "Deklaration mit Manifestcharakter" oder "heimliches Manifest" gelesen werden.

Religion is entrenched in the Nigerian culture, and worshippers constitute a major social group. The church now occupies an apex position in constructing social, economic, political and cultural frameworks for nation building. It is this expanded role of the church of Christ in society that this book seeks to codify as well as promote. In the over fifty chapters of this volume, authors examined the role of Christianity to the society; presenting reasoned arguments for its relevance and providing concrete evidence of its interventions in the society to prove its diverse and incalculable contributions to man and the nation. The book is divided into three parts: Part One presents canonical characteristics of the Archbishop Dr. Margaret Benson-Idahosa, who is the epitome of Christianity in this context, and in whose honour the book is written. In Part Two, there are 35 chapters that discuss the various applications of Christianity in the multifarious facets of the lives of people. In Part 3, 15 chapters portray the direct relationships of Christianity to the key sectors of society, namely: economy, health, education, international diplomacy, social change, science, and culture. The book is intended for the practitioners of Christianity, the teachers/researchers of the Christian religion in Nigeria, and it serves as a reference work for international researchers or Bible scholars.

This book offered contributors the opportunity to put their experience in public service and politics into writing to help groom future Political Scientists and leaders who will not only learn the theoretical perspectives but also learn the practical aspects of African politics and values. The book contains clear discussions and analysis of key issues within the frame work of political behaviour. The text highlights a wide range of issues, for instance, political socialization, political communication, political power and authority. It focuses on the recent interpretations of ethnicity and electoral behaviour, gender and politics as well as elite behaviour in context of political leadership. The objective is to draw conclusions that provide relevant insights and recommendations which will add value to the study of Political Behaviour.The aim is to produce a book that will serve as a rich reference material not only for academics, but also for governmental and non-governmental actors, including public servants, policy makers and politicians.

THE BOOKThis book on the Yali, Mek and Ok cultures is the last one in our series covering the major Ethno-linguistic groups in the highlands of West New Guinea (WNG). Some members of one of these inhabitants of the interior of WNG, the Mek group, were the first to have had any contacts with the outside world. A journal article published in a Dutch in 1912 gives the first account to the world about the mountainous interior of New Guinea along with an overview of the lives of the areäs inhabitants. The Mek territory also made news in 1960 when a French expedition was the first to cross WNG from south to north, through the near-incredible rugged mountainous territory. The Mek were also the last Papuans to have attracted the sustained missionary attention. Then, a large German multi-disciplinary scientific team spent two years, 1974 to 1976, among the Mek, with a plethora of publications resulting from their work. The easternmost area of WNG¿s central mountains, running from the Baliem Valley to the international border with Papua New Guinea, holds the three language groups covered in this book. The geography of the area is considerably more rugged than the western section that stretches from the Baliem Valley to the Paniai Lakes, covered in a previous volume in this series. Just east of the central Baliem Valley, the Yali culture shows a degree of resemblance with the Mek but less so with the Ok that live in the borderlands with Papua New Guinea (PNG). Indeed, a major portion of the Ok Papuans live in PNG. A large Dutch expedition in 1959 was The Netherlands New Guineäs last before Holland was forced to leave, before allowing Indonesia to claim this territory. Much of our knowledge about the eastern WNG highlands comes from the pioneer missionaries¿ publications. These men, along with their families, spent years, mostly in isolation from their fellow Europeans. They learned the local languages and wrote the texts that form the basis of this book.

The book is a collection of essays on African indigenous knowledge systems (AIKS), ethnography, cultural dynamics, language, gender, and cultural avatars, especially among the Benin and Yoruba peoples in Nigeria. It is a fresh and refreshing look at intercultural encounters among ethnicities that provides a framework for scholars and researchers in African Studies to probe the issues of continuity and discontinuity in the sociology of indigenous African people and mobilise them for progress. Concretely, the articles explore power dynamics in societies through performance and cultural arts and permit the readers to demystify, deconstruct, and reconstruct Western ways of thinking and knowing influenced by dominant and oppressive social systems, structures, and knowledges. Furthermore, it provides students and other knowledge seekers with lenses for understanding and critical reappraisal of intergroup relations, aesthetic trends in modern African performances and festivals, and historical-mythical engagements aimed at cultural communication for development in Nigeria. The editors of this book create a platform for critical awakening. Each chapter of this book carefully adopts a unique approach to exploring issues that concern interculturalism, transculturalism, and transnationalism.

Cette étude porte une attention singulière sur les disgrâces rencontrées par les femmes en voulant s¿impliquer et participer formellement au processus de la consolidation de la paix. Cela étant, ce travail cherche à identifier et analyser les stratégies qüelles peuvent utiliser pour surmonter toutes les barrières (les préjugées et stéréotypes) érigées cadrant avec la thématique de conflits dans le territoire d¿Uvira. Les femmes ont des potentialités et des atouts capables de transformer la situation de conflits en situation de paix durable. Le système formel de résolution des conflits doit laisser l¿espace et permettre aux femmes pour qüensemble ils cherchent des voies et moyens pour bâtir une société post conflictuelle où la paix doit régner.

This research is an ontological examination of land in Africa. Land in Africa occupies the central position of existence in the ontological order of the hierarchy of the ontology of being in Africa, because land defines the bases of African history, spirituality, identity, morality, unity, kinship, economic progress and other essentialities of being which place land as the first principle in hierarchy of the cosmic order. Land in Africa is force and force is being, hence land in Africa is more than economic property, it includes, also, a field of events, where vital forces responsible for various natural occurrences act upon nature and existence. Land in Africa is a phenomenon that connects man to the essential elements of nature as opposed to the Western conception of land as geographical entity for economic gains. Adopting analytic method, this research helps to recreate an African orientation of land in the face of global warming and other ontological issues attached to land. This study intends to show that contemporary Africa, over time has lost the ontological status of land, owing to land desecration, grabbing and court litigations that have characterized the present African society and the need for Africans to return to the foregone ontological orientation of land that have existed before now by identifying the historical, spiritual and moral connections that exist between land and the human person by returning to the normative ways of land retributions for justice. Finally our thesis here concludes that land in Africa serves as the beginning and end of being ¿thing¿, because land among Africans is conceived as the finitude of existence and mans ambitions. In discovering this African understanding of land, one will drag a premise that as soon as mans activities is not done in an empty space; land defined the connection that exists between the human person and nature. It regulate the order of things in the universe.

This erudite compendium ¿Rethinking Interfaith, Cultural, Ecumenical, and Religious Dialogue in Nigeriäs Pluralistic Context,¿ is an edited and expanded proceeding of the Maiden National Conference on Interreligious Dialogue, held on 12th May, 2022 at Veritas University¿s (the Catholic University of Nigeria, Abuja) Multi-Purpose Hall; sponsored by John Paul II Center for Interreligious Dialogue, Rome. Granted that sometimes religions have not only misunderstood other faiths, but eyed them with suspicion and with the tragic distinction that we are the children of light and everyone else the child of darkness, this work represents the contrary. It represents voices from renowned experts of all religious spectrums (Judaism, Christianity, Islam and African Traditional Religions) toward genuine and sincere dialogue, love, justice and peace, respect for one another and unity among world religions.-Fr. Prof. Michael Ufok UdoekpoVeritas University, Abuja¿Like Dolly Parton¿s coat of many colours, when we have been healed through dialogue, then we can all wear our divergence identities (rags) with pride, knowing that difference is a gift of God Almighty for the purpose of helping us see the world differently.¿-Bishop Matthew Hassan Kukah

This book attempts to apply the tenets of applied linguistics to the reading and explicationof Gender Politics in the African Novel. Applied linguistics focuses on the numerous and complex areas in society in which language plays a role. As an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems; gender politics is interrogated from several standpoints of stylistics, discourse analysis, text linguistics and literary criticism. In this context, meaning and implication for scholarship and development are of consequence. The claim is supported that the African Novel represents a veritable part of the culture, history, politics, and economy of Africa in unquestionable form.