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The knowledge of how women are represented in a specific advertisement to hit the target audience of the products being introduced is not only confined in a certain field of discipline and groups of people; instead it traverses to different aspects of humanity where consumerism is fundamental. Thus, this study attempted to determine the iconic representations of women and find out how these have shaped the role they portrayed in the magazine advertisements. Using the qualitative analysis particularly Ferdinand de Saussaure's semiotic theory, icons on beauty products, vehicle, food and beverage, clothing and accessories, and vitamins and food supplements were analyzed. The analysis of results revealed that the iconic representations of women in magazine ads were relative size, feminine touch or touching any object, function ranking, the family, ritualization of subordination, licensed withdrawal, body display, feminine power and women empowerment which come in various signifiers and signified concepts. These iconic representations shaped the roles of women portrayed in the ads which include their roles as sex object, mother/nurturer, physically attractive or decorative, working or career woman, dependent, recreational and authority.

THE BOOKAside from the Dani of the Baliem Valley, the Amungme are the best-known highlands tribe in West New Guinea. This is largely due to some of their lands having been taken by the mining company Freeport Indonesia for the development of their mining complex, first around the Ertsberg, then the Grasberg. This second ore body holds the world¿s largest gold deposit and the third largest concentration of copper. The Amungme, live to the south of the steep central mountains, while their linguistic brothers, the Damal, spread just to the north of this range. During the early years of the Freeport mine operations, the company paid little attention to the Amungme. Their lands were used with scant compensation as the company paid its taxes to the central government, with no obligation to start any social programs for the Amungme. The various chapters cover the essential aspects of the Amungme culture, including their origins, their distinctive language, the kinship structure, social organization, the importance of cowry shells, and females in exchanges, leadership, and the various ways of subsisting: hunting, farming, and gathering. The results of the contacts with the outside world begin with the section on Christianity and the pre-contact mystical concept of ¿h¿ai¿, and early paradise that can be attained without first expiring. The effects of the large-scale mining operations are described from the early history of Freeport Indonesia and the effects of the discovery of the huge ore body in Grasberg (Grass Mountain). The concluding section describes the current improvements in the treatment of the Amungme by Freeport, including education, health programs, and job training. THE SERIESThe aim is to provide a conduit for the publication of studies on the Island of New Guinea, with its two established political divisions, but will also include other associated patterns of islands.It will enable contributions from new knowledge workers¿with their dissertations¿and from established scholars. As there are numerous scholars who would like better coverage of the areas in which they have explored¿as a tribute to the people they have worked with¿as well as local scholars who understand the importance of their unique areas. It is felt that the approaches being trialed in the visual anthropology part of the series as area studies will bring a wider attention to the remarkable nature of the island.The first volumes will be on modes of communication: oral history and folklore, and the emergence of a local literature. While the representation of all disciplines is welcome, comparative and whole island studies would be of great interest as well. For this, collaborative works or edited volumes may be needed.It will allow for academic publications of a more preliminary kind¿rather than exhaustive monographs, which are becoming more and more impossible to produce.Where is the knowledge we have lost?

The authentic, strong, fierce, and uncensored rhetoric of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte has become an interesting subject of linguistic investigation. This critical discourse analysis of his selected speeches is aimed to uncover the President¿s hidden political ideologies underlying his speeches. The study analyzes the prevalent microstructures and macrostructures of the selected speeches of President Duterte and determines the dominant transitivity processes and paralinguistic cues that he employs.

Dans une société qui a connu des violations massives des droits de l¿homme, les victimes deviennent une catégorie singulière de la population avec des besoins spécifiques. Au Burundi, cette catégorie requiert une attention particulière pour rompre avec les crises cycliques. Ce travail focalise l¿attention particulière à l¿analyse des besoins des victimes membres du collectif CARAVI. Les données utilisées ont été collectées grâce à la recherche documentaire et à la technique d¿entretien semi-directive. Au terme de ce travail, nous avons constaté que pour les victimes du CARAVI, le besoin de justice prime sur le pardon, quand bien même, elles envisagent le pardon. Pour d¿autres, le pardon joue un grand rôle dans la réconciliation au sein du voisinage ou de la communauté. Pour ces mêmes victimes, leur parole reste indispensable dans le processus de la réconciliation. De surcroît, les associations des victimes mettent un accent particulier sur la réparation symbolique, à savoir le recouvrement de la dignité perdue lors des violences, l¿érection des monuments et la mise en place d¿une journée de commémoration, sans pour autant empiéter sur les monuments déjà existants et les jours des tueries commémorés par ces victimes. En plus, la prise en charge psychosociale des victimes pourrait jouer un grand rôle dans le processus de la réconciliation. Enfin de compte, en plus des réformes institutionnelles accomplies dans le cadre de la consolidation de la paix au Burundi, les victimes du CARAVI ont besoin de la mise ¿uvre du « vetting ».

THE BOOKThe Dani group, centered in the Baliem Valley, has long taken the world¿s attention. It is by far the best-known ethnic group in West New Guinea, ever since its discovery by the aptly named American explorer Richard Archbold in 1938. While some Dutch groups had passed close by during previous nears, none had seen the valley itself with its high population of 50,000 to 100,000. The flat, fertile valley bottom was expertly farmed with irrigation and drainage in geometrically laid out fields of raised mounds that produced bumper crops of sweet potatoes. The Dani group was discovered when Archbold flew his hydroplane overhead and was suitably impressed by the gardens beautiful, orderly layout. He also saw some mysterious tall erections dispersed in several areas on the flat land. These structures turned out to be watchtowers, ready to alert the nearby inhabitants of the approach of a hostile group. For large-scale warfare was the way of life in the Baliem. Divided into several large alliances, hostilities were never-ending, punctured by short periods of relative peace. After the Archbold Expedition left the valley, the next visitors were American Evangelical missionaries who landed on the Baliem River in their new hydroplane. They established a base there and began proselytizing a full two years before the Dutch opened their first post there. A few years later, an American filming expedition from Harvard University was able to film the daily life as well as some actual battles, fought with spears, bows and arrows. The film, Dead Birds, was screened to many audiences in the US and elsewhere. The missionaries among the Dani were not very successful. This was in stark contrast with the Lani (also called Western Dani) who lived in the northernmost part of the Baliem Valley and spread far toward the east in West New Guineäs central highlands. They had been successfully proselytized by American Evangelicals based in Enarotali, on the shore of Lake Paniai. The Lani had migrated from the east towards the west probably due to population pressures and thinly inhabited lands. They had not been satisfied by their traditional religion that did not provide material goods such as those enjoyed by the missionaries. After only a few years, they became Christians and burned their old fetiches to show their commitment to the new religion. THE SERIESThe aim is to provide a conduit for the publication of studies on the Island of New Guinea, with its two established political divisions, but will also include other associated patterns of islands.It will enable contributions from new knowledge workers¿with their dissertations¿and from established scholars. As there are numerous scholars who would like better coverage of the areas in which they have explored¿as a tribute to the people they have worked with¿as well as local scholars who understand the importance of their unique areas. It is felt that the approaches being trialed in the visual anthropology part of the series as area studies will bring a wider attention to the remarkable nature of the island.The first volumes will be on modes of communication: oral history and folklore, and the emergence of a local literature. While the representation of all disciplines is welcome, comparative and whole island studies would be of great interest as well. For this, collaborative works or edited volumes may be needed.It will allow for academic publications of a more preliminary kind¿rather than exhaustive monographs, which are becoming more and more impossible to produce.Where is the knowledge we have lost?

In einem gattungs- und erinnerungstheoretischen Setting leuchtet diese Studie Hauptwerke der neueren südafrikanischen crime fiction aus. Crime fiction Romane von Mike Nicol, Margie Orford, Malla Nunn und Andrew Brown erscheinen als diverse Ausprägungen eines offenen Formtypus und werden exponiert als ästhetische Beiträge zu einer postkolonialen Erinnerungskultur, die die spezifische Gewaltgeschichte Südafrikas vergegenwärtigt und deren Nachwirkungen eruiert.

This study attempted to examine the genetic relationship of the three Binukid language varieties namely Higaonon Binukid, Talaandig Binukid, and Bukidnon Binukid. These three Binukid varieties are particularly spoken by the Higaonon, Talaandig, and Bukidnon tribal groups in the province of Bukidnon. Knowing the genetic relationship of these three Binukid varieties will shed light to the present inconsistencies about the Binukid language. By examining the phonological variations and sound correspondences of the three Binukid varieties and with the use of the Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP), the study revealed that Higaonon and Bukidnon Binukid varieties are more similar gaining 98.61 percent similarity in Swadesh 100 Wordlist and 97.56 percent similarity in Swadesh 40 Wordlist. Meanwhile, Talaandig Binukid variety gradually diverged from the other two varieties 48 years ago. This divergence was illustrated in a language tree at the end of the study.

Situated in the contexts of rhetoric and political communication, this book interrogates Ghanäs mammoth role in the geopolitics of Africa. It argues for the centrality of strategic language use as a critical tool employed by key state actors in international diplomacy and conflict resolution. Ghana in the Geopolitics of Africa is composed of 12 chapters. The first three provide a framework for grappling with the geopolitics of Africa. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the political significance of Ghana in West Africa and Africa as a whole. Chapters 6 and 7 analyze the role of Ghana in the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the pan-African body, the Organization of African Union (OAU/AU). Chapters 8 and 9 provide an overview of Ghanäs diplomatic relations with North and East Africa. The next two chapters uncover basic communication strategies employed by Ghana in her efforts to resolve the Congo Crisis and Apartheid. The concluding chapter brainstorms the future of Ghana in the geopolitics of Africa by deconstructing a technical communication document designed by the government of President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo.

The book is an account of the role played by the Catholic Church in the Bamenda Ecclesiastical Province of Cameroon in igniting, promoting and influencing the course of the struggle by the minority Anglophones to restore the statehood of Southern Cameroons since reunification with the Republic of Cameroon in 1961. It examines the relationship between the Catholic Clergy and the Anglophone Pressure Groups that clamoured for either the return to the federal system of government instituted in 1961 and abolished in 1972 or the restoration of the Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia State.

Are insects the food of the future, alleviating world hunger and ecological issues? In this book, based on extensive field research in Laos and Thailand, the author suggests otherwise. He describes local transformations in ¿entomophagy¿ and explores differences between South East Asian and Western food cultures before presenting a deconstruction of the widespread ¿insect solution narrative¿. Empirical observations are discussed mainly in the light of the World-Ecology approach, seeing the exploitation of humans and nature as inextricably intertwined. The main argument targets the commodification of edible insects and related resources, denoted by the central concept of the ¿entomophagy frontier¿. Unfolded along the lines of the distinction between wild-collected and farmed insects, it holds that the emerging entomophagy industry tends to reinforce the problems it addresses by ignoring their structural causes: social inequality, systemic unsustainability and ultimately the insatiability of capitalism.ABOUT THE SERIESDevelopments in the field of area studies ¿ goaded by the analytical deconstruction of world regions from their geopolitical sense ¿ have deeply affected the knowledge production from societies and cultures located in the politicized compartmentalization of the globe. With this series, the editors and authors wish to contribute to a reformulation of sensibilities in area studies which emphasizes the epistemic value of contextualized knowledge production. Starting with the notion of Southeast Asia, books published in this series will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of regionality based on a multidisciplinary approach. The series represents an outlet for young scholars intending to publish their degree theses; and for established scholars who are looking for a place to republish out-of-print books. We also encourage scholarly collectives from the regions to publish collaborative works or edited volumes on topics that usually will not attract the attention of big presses due to their transdisciplinary orientation.EDITORIAL BOARDProf. Caroline S. HauProf. Vincent HoubenProf. Boike RehbeinProf. Barend TerwielDr. Xue LiDr. Benjamin BaumannDr. Daniel Bultmann

THE BOOKThis volume is one of four covering The North Coast which makes up the bulk of West New Guinea. The other three are Introduction to West New Guinea, The Highlands of West New Guinea, and The South Coast of West New Guinea. The main purpose of these books is to give a summary of the history and cultures of the western half of the island of New Guinea. West New Guineäs north coast saw sail-bys and a few landings by various European ships, starting in the 16th Century. Biak Island hosted the most important traditional Papuan sailors (read: trader-warriors) in pre-colonial times. The island¿s inhabitants continue to hold a leading role today, thanks to the widespread educational facilities that produce many top civil servants. For most of the colonial period, the town of Manokwari was by far the most important urban area on the north coast. Christianity was introduced to West New Guinea from there starting in 1855 and the town was the center of commerce and government. That changed drastically during WWII, when American military engineers constructed a huge and efficient infrastructure around Jayapura and Sentani. After the war, the returning Dutch government made Jayapura the capital of West New Guinea, and Indonesian officials followed this example after 1963. The North Coast of West New Guinea covers a number of basic social topics such as kinship, social structure, and marriage, along with languages and the areäs pre-contact material culture. Some aspects of the old cultures were still present until quite recently. Some of the major ethnic groups merit chapters of their own. However, this book is definitely not a complete volume about all the different Papuan groups in the area. Far more research needs to be done for a more complete picture, as many ancient traditions are fading from memory. THE SERIESThe aim is to provide a conduit for the publication of studies on the Island of New Guinea, with its two established political divisions, but will also include other associated patterns of islands.It will enable contributions from new knowledge workers¿with their dissertations¿and from established scholars. As there are numerous scholars who would like better coverage of the areas in which they have explored¿as a tribute to the people they have worked with¿as well as local scholars who understand the importance of their unique areas. It is felt that the approaches being trialed in the visual anthropology part of the series as area studies will bring a wider attention to the remarkable nature of the island.The first volumes will be on modes of communication: oral history and folklore, and the emergence of a local literature. While the representation of all disciplines is welcome, comparative and whole island studies would be of great interest as well. For this, collaborative works or edited volumes may be needed.It will allow for academic publications of a more preliminary kind¿rather than exhaustive monographs, which are becoming more and more impossible to produce.Where is the knowledge we have lost?

»From the first scrap I reacted to with a little caution, Wumi Raji has produced a work that does great credit to the idea of fighting youth frustration, opening the door to a healthier work ethic and demonstrating the capacity of good political leadership.As philosophy, pedagogy, transformation agency and movement, OYES has more than proved itself and Wumi Raji has driven this home well in his precise and accurate presentation of records, experiences and hopes of our youth. OYES as Professor Raji has presented it in this very readable book, is proof of the possible, and Osun youth has tasted of it. The book is also a much needed account of the work and dedication of FORA, the charisma of the Oranmiyan of our time, and all who made, and continue to make OYES, a dream turned reality; and, of course, PFG a realizable dream.«Ambassador T. A. O. Otunla

Women and girls in Nigeria face different levels of sexual and gender-based violence, both in private and public life, often without protection from the law. Compounding the problem of women and their rights is Nigeriäs pluralist legal system, which includes Customary and Sharia Laws that often reinforce sex stereotypes and encourage men to view women as subordinate and inferior beings. The Police and the criminal justice system have not satisfactorily offered protection to victims of violence; only reluctantly intervening where absolutely unavoidable. The seeming inability of law enforcement officers (especially the Police) to adequately respond to and investigate cases of violence (especially against women) and to prosecute suspected perpetrators is a major obstacle to addressing the issue of violence against women and girls. In this context, the Women Aid Collective (WACOL) ¿ which deems it imperative to work towards the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls ¿ organized a conference cum training exercise for Nigerian Police Officers within the Enugu State Police Command in partnership with the Action Aid Nigeria with funding support from the Global Affairs Canada under the Women, Voice and Leadership project. The training exercise, which took place on September 17, 2020, at Dannic Hotels, Enugu, sought to sensitize the Police on existing laws and policies on violence, especially against women and girls. It also tried to strengthen the capacity of the Police to provide effective responses to victims/survivors of violence in search of justice. This edited collection is the end product of the combined conference and training exercise and provides academics, students, activists, feminists, civil society organizations, the security sector, and administrators of justice with information on extant laws protecting women from sexual and gender based violence and expected action to ensure their effective implementation in practice.

It has not only been interesting but equally challenging to research on environment law and specifically the integration of indigenous communities in the management of environmental or natural resources given the cross disciplinary nature of the subject. The need to integrate indigenous or local communities in the management of environmental resources cannot be gainsaid, given the importance of these resources for the sustainability of life. It is certainly for this reason that the international community is advocating for the integration of indigenous people in the management of environmental resources. In this book, the author is worried that Regional and International Conventions to which Cameroon is a signatory advocate the integration of indigenous communities in the management of environmental resources. Yet these communities are still to become an effective component of the management process. This calls for an investigation whether indigenous communities are integrated in the management of natural resources following the provisions of International and Regional Conventions, national laws and cultural practices of local communities or they are simply conceptual.Through analyses of primary and secondary data, the author highlights the need to endowed integrated management concepts with characteristics envisaged by international conventions and strongly recommends the use of traditional institutions and customary practices in integrating local communities in the management of environmental or natural resources.