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Learn computer architecture and assembly language by building a working model of an 8086 processor from basic principles of computer architecture. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) provide flexible digital electronics platforms that can be organized as a CPU, a neural net, or almost any other digital circuit.By working through the examples in this book and experimenting with the "X86 model," the reader will receive a "hands on" introduction to the following:Computer architecture in generalThe X86 family of CPUs in particularAssembly language programmingInput/Output and interrupt programmingThe Verilog Hardware Description LanguageField Programmable Gate ArraysHow is this book different from many other books on X86 architecture:Emphasizes the 8086 machine codes, not just the assembly languageShows how an assembler converts source code to machine language.Provides experience with interrupt programmingDescribes both 8086 instructions and X86-64 instructionsEncourages a hands-on introduction to Verilog and FPGAsDemonstrates applications with strings and packed decimal arithmeticUses assembly language to monitor and control electronic circuitsContains over 150 illustrations to accompany descriptions of digital circuits, Verilog code, and X86 codeIncludes all source code with a free download from GitHub

Learn computer architecture and get practical "hands on" experience using an FPGA while studying at home. A working model of a 32-bit ARM processor is gradually built from basic principles of computer architecture. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) provide flexible digital electronics platforms that can be organized as a CPU, a neural net, or almost any other digital circuit. They are the digital equivalent of shape-shifters in science fiction.The FPGA is first introduced graphically through operational models of individual logic gates and structures like buses and decoders. Next, the Verilog coding begins with simple circuit examples and culminates with a CPU that runs ARM machine code. Programs can even be entered in symbolic assembly language which is compiled into 100% ARM machine code by macros, tasks, and functions written in the Verilog language. This CPU imitation can be run at full speed, stepped through with breakpoints, or paused within the fetch, decode, and execute cycle.Over 150 illustrations accompany detailed descriptions for setting up the FPGA and walking through each of the nearly 100 Verilog examples. All source code examples can be downloaded from GitHub and use the Intel® Quartus® Prime software along with a Terasic DE10-Lite FPGA development board. The DE10-Lite is available for purchase for less than $180 at many Internet sites, and the Intel® Quartus® Prime Lite Edition is available as a free download from Intel. Other FPGA boards and other Verilog software can be used, but slight modifications to the examples may be necessary.

Windows® 64-bit Assembly Language Programming Quick Start is a complete tutorial using the free Community Edition of Microsoft® Visual Studio 17 to introduce the novice to the Intel® X86-64 architecture and the Windows X64 Calling Convention.With Microsoft® Visual Studio 17, assembly language programs can be built using either its Integrated Development Environment (IDE) or using its ML64 assembler directly in a traditional command line approach. Both techniques are presented in this book, and each has its own merits for gaining a deeper understanding of computer software and hardware. The assistance provided by Visual Studio's interactive debugger is immense not only for developing real programs but also learning how the CPU instructions work.Programmers learn by example and develop their skills by examining and modifying working programs. Every sample program is complete, but leaves room for enhancements and experimentation encouraged by the questions at the end of each chapter. All are available for download through GitHub.The sample programs, ranging from five to over one hundred lines of code, are extensively documented in both flowcharts and comments. Over seventy illustrations are included to explain programming techniques as well as X86, SSE, and AVX instructions. CPU instructions are introduced as needed to achieve programming goals as the projects in each chapter progress to the next.This is not a book that has been modified or migrates from a 32-bit or 16-bit perspective, but starts right in with 64-bit programming and only refers to past approaches when necessary to explain seemingly unnatural conventions and names.Topics like binary and hexadecimal are introduced through programming examples as well as appearing in appendices.The examples in this book have been "classroom tested" with students having very little, if any, previous programming experience. The information is complete, allowing it to be used as an independent study.Learning computer hardware and software architectures through hands-on assembly language programming experience helps develop well-rounded programmers and computer engineers.

Through the use of complete program examples, flow diagrams, and color codes, Assembly Language Coding in Color helps students and computer enthusiasts start on a solid path to understanding computer architecture.