Bøker utgitt av Harvard University Press

This unprecedented comparison of the three most recent Catholic councils traverses more than 450 years and examines the church's most pressing and consistent concerns-issues of purpose, power, and relevance. John O'Malley addresses key questions councils raised. Who was in charge of the church? And what difference did the councils make?

Classical scholarship tends to treat anonymous authorship as a problem or game-a defect to be repaired or mystery to be solved. But anonymity can be a source of meaning unto itself, rather than a gap that needs filling. Tom Geue's close readings of Latin texts show what the suppression or loss of a name can do for literature.

Digging into newly declassified archives, Dan Porat unearths the story of Jews prosecuted by the State of Israel for Nazi collaboration. Over time courts and the public came to see Jewish ghetto administrators or kapos as tragic figures. Rigorous yet humane, Porat invites us to rethink ideas about victimhood, justice, and collective memory.

From the pilgrims to Las Vegas, hippie communes to the smart city, utopianism has shaped American landscapes. The Puritan small town was the New Jerusalem. Thomas Jefferson dreamed of rational farm grids. Reformers tackled slums through crusades of civic architecture. To understand American space, Alex Krieger looks to the drama of utopian ideals.

Europe and Russia are pushing against each other in a contest of economic doctrines and political ambitions, seemingly erasing the vision of cooperation that emerged from the end of the Cold War. Thane Gustafson argues that natural gas serves as a bridge over troubled geopolitical waters, uniting the region through common economic interests.

Just as Americans least disadvantaged by racism are most likely to call their country post-racial, Indians who have benefited from upper-caste affiliation rush to declare their country a post-caste meritocracy. Ajantha Subramanian challenges this belief, showing how the ideal of meritocracy serves the reproduction of inequality in Indian education.

Islamist thinkers used to debate the doctrine of the caliphate of man, which holds that God is sovereign but has appointed the multitude of believers as His vicegerent. Andrew March argues that the doctrine underpins a democratic vision of popular rule over governments and clerics. But is this an ideal regime destined to survive only in theory?

Dara Shukoh was the heir-apparent to the Mughal throne in 1659, when he was executed by his brother Aurangzeb. Today Dara is lionized in South Asia, while Aurangzeb, who presided over the beginnings of imperial disintegration, is scorned. Supriya Gandhi's nuanced biography asks whether the story really would have been different with Dara in power.

The novel was born religious, alongside Protestant texts produced in the same format by the same publishers. Novels borrowed features of these texts but over the years distinguished themselves, becoming the genre we know today. Jordan Alexander Stein traces this history, showing how the physical object of the book shaped the stories it contained.

The Renaissance was a rebirth of art and literature-and of machines. In this lavishly illustrated volume, Paolo Galluzzi guides readers through a singularly inventive period featuring Taccola's and da Vinci's fusion of artistry and engineering and new concepts of learning that enabled Galileo's revolutionary mathematical science of mechanics.

Automating technologies threaten to usher in a workless future, but John Danaher argues that this can be a good thing. A world without work may be a kind of utopia, free of the misery of the job and full of opportunities for creativity and exploration. If we play our cards right, automation could be the path to idealized forms of human flourishing.

Ai Hisano reveals how the food industry capitalized on color, fashioning a visual vocabulary that shapes what we think of the food we eat. Our perceptions of what food should look like have changed dramatically as scientists, farmers, food processors, regulators, and marketers established a new, and highly engineered, version of the "natural."

Harlem: Found Ways burnishes Harlem's luster but never attempts to smooth its rough edges. Multimedia works explore the invention of Harlem, and reinvent it. Vibrantly illustrated, the catalog features essays on the uniquely layered urban landscape and is an important resource for students of contemporary African American art and the city.

What makes a government legitimate? Arthur Isak Applbaum rigorously argues that the greatest threat to democracies today is not loss of basic rights or despotism. It is the tyranny of unreason: domination of citizens by incoherent, inconstant, incontinent rulers. A government that cannot govern itself cannot legitimately govern others.

Westerners tend to equate political action with revolution and open criticism, leading to concerns that the less outspoken citizens of nonliberal societies are brainwashed, complicit, or paralyzed by fear. Jing Wang shatters this myth, showing how online activists in China are quietly building powerful coalitions for incremental social change.

American evangelicalism is big business. It is not, Daniel Vaca argues, just a type of conservative Protestantism that market forces have commodified. Rather evangelicalism is an expressly commercial practice, in which the faithful participate, learn, and develop religious identities by engaging corporations and commercial products.

Fritz Zwicky was one of the most inventive and iconoclastic scientists of the twentieth century. Among other accomplishments, he was the first to infer the existence of dark matter. He also clashed with better-known peers and became a pariah in the scientific community. John Johnson, Jr.,'s biography brings this tempestuous maverick alive.

Globalization is taking a step backward. What, then, is the best way to organize a global enterprise? The key, Steven Weber explains, is to prepare for a world increasingly made up of competing regions with distinct rules and standards. This new condition could be more prosperous, but there will also be more friction and therefore more risk.

The trouble with innovation is that it can seldom be undone. We invent technologies to modify our environments in immediately beneficial ways, but the long-term consequences can be costly. From obesity to antibiotic resistance, we pay for our successes. Peter Gluckman and Mark Hanson explore what happens when our creations lead nature to bite back.

With the advent of CRISPR gene-editing technology, designer babies have become a reality. Francoise Baylis insists that scientists alone cannot decide the terms of this new era in human evolution. Members of the public, with diverse interests and perspectives, must have a role in determining our future as a species.

The prosecution of dissent under the Alien and Sedition Acts affected far more people than previously realized. It also provoked the first battle over the Bill of Rights. Wendell Bird provides the definitive account of a dark moment in U.S. history, reminding us that expressive freedom and opposition politics are essential to a stable democracy.

One of the most controversial, cutting-edge ideas in cosmology-the possibility that there exist multiple parallel universes-in fact has a long history. Tom Siegfried reminds us that the size and number of the heavens have been contested since ancient times. His story offers deep lessons about the nature of science and the quest for understanding.

Warren Sanderson and Sergei Scherbov argue for a new way to measure individual and population aging. Instead of counting how many years we've lived, we should think about our "prospective age"-the number of years we expect to have left. Their pioneering model can generate better demographic estimates, which inform better policy choices.

In 2012, when the Justice Department sued Apple and five book publishers for price fixing, many observers sided with the defendants. It was a reminder that, in practice, Americans are ambivalent about competition. Chris Sagers shows why protecting price competition, even when it hurts some of us, is crucial if antitrust law is to preserve markets.

Democrats and Republicans fight endlessly over health care, but neither side disputes one of the system's most basic flaws: the foisting on patients of substantial costs through deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. Marshalling a decade of research, Christopher Robertson shows why this model is dysfunctional and offers ideas for improvement.

American urbanites once lived alongside livestock and beasts of burden. But as cities grew, human-animal relationships changed. The city became a place for pets, not slaughterhouses or working animals. Andrew Robichaud traces the far-reaching consequences of this shift-for urban landscapes, animal- and child-welfare laws, and environmental justice.

Nearly everything we treasure in the world's most beautiful cities was built over a century ago. Yet the ideas and practices underlying these achievements have been abandoned. Nir Buras documents the humane design methods that held sway before the reign of Modernism and encourages us to relearn the time-tested principles of classic urban planning.

Historically black colleges and universities are adept at training scientists. Marybeth Gasman and Thai-Huy Nguyen follow ten HBCU programs that have grown their student cohorts and improved performance. These science departments furnish a bold new model for other colleges that want to better serve African American students.

Leandra Ruth Zarnow tells the inspiring and timely story of Bella Abzug, a New York politician who brought the passion and ideals of 1960s protest movements to Congress. Abzug promoted feminism, privacy protections, gay rights, and human rights. Her efforts shifted the political center, until more conservative forces won back the Democratic Party.

Francis-Fallon returns to the origins of the U.S. "Spanish-speaking vote" to understand the history and potential of this political bloc. He finds that individual voters affiliate more with their particular ethnic communities than with the pan-ethnic Latino identity created for them, complicating the notion of a broader Latino constituency.