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Biomarkers are the biological indicators of any biological state. They are usually used in detecting, screening, diagnosis and treatment of varied diseases. Biomarkers are also used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of specific pharmaceutical drugs. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of biomarkers which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of biomarkers.

Sometimes our body's reaction to infection can result in damage to internal tissues and organs. Such a condition is referred to as sepsis. Some of the symptoms of sepsis are high fever, increased heart and breathing rate, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The surgical procedures in orthopedics treat the diseases and disorders related to the musculoskeletal system of living organisms. The most significant function of the musculoskeletal system is to support the body and facilitate its motion. It consists of the skeleton, ligaments, joints, muscles and connective tissues. This book provides significant information about orthopedics to help develop a good understanding of the subject and its related fields. The topics covered in this extensive text deal with the core aspects of orthopedic surgery and implants. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by the text.

Addiction is a type of brain disorder which results in compulsive engagement of stimuli, even when the subject is aware of its negative consequences. The behavior is triggered if the body does not get the reward. The most common sources of addiction are opium, nicotine, alcohol, sex, food, cocaine, amphetamine, or gambling. The treatment generally includes medication and behavioral therapy. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of addiction. It provides deep insights about the concepts, theories, and treatment of these addictions. This textbook presents the complex subject of addiction in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. This book, with its detailed analysis and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area.

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition which causes damage to the nerves. Damage to these nerves can affect the movement, sensation and organ function of a person. Whereas, neuropathic pain is a chronic pain which occurs mainly because of injury to the somatosensory nervous system. The usual treatment given to patients suffering from neuropathic pain involves medication like anticonvulsants, antidepressants, dietary supplements, neuromodulators, etc. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Regenerative medicine studies the processes and methods by which damaged cells, tissues and organs can be medically restored. This field seeks to treat diseases and disorders through cell therapy as well as through transplantation of tissues and organs. Regenerative medicine is used in reconstructive surgery, organ transplant, endodontics, biomedicine, etc. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It will be of great help to students in the fields of tissue engineering, developmental biology and biomedicine.

The cancer that affects the ovaries is known as ovarian cancer. It is the most common type of cancer in women. Some of the symptoms of ovarian cancer are bloating, difficulty in eating, postmenopausal bleeding, etc. Symptoms become more prevalent as the stage of the cancer progresses. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed the treatment of ovarian cancer. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to oncologists, professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

As a sub-field of medicine, pathology is concerned with four major areas of disease study namely its cause, its mechanism of development, the alterations it causes in a cell and lastly, the consequences of these changes. It is a vast field of study, encompassing different techniques like forensic pathology, anatomical pathology, histopathology, dermatopathology, etc. This book provides significant information about this discipline to help develop a good understanding of pathology and its related fields. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this area are examined in detail. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with pathology will benefit alike from the book.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a technique used in the imaging, diagnosis and assessment of the diseases related to the cardiovascular system. CMR technique is minimally invasive and is seen as a safe way to carry out cardiovascular assessment. Modern scanners are able to capture high-resolution images in extremely short durations, leading to comprehensive snapshots of the heart and the cardiovascular system. The acquiring of 3D data sets as a result of the CMR technique has led to the effective diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Obstetrics and gynecology is a field of medical science that concerns itself with the study of childbirth, pregnancy, and also with the detailed study of female reproductive health and reproductive parts of the body. It has many sub-branches namely menopausal and geriatric gynecology, female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, contraception and abortion, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, etc. The topics included in this book on obstetrics and gynecology, are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Infectious diseases are caused by agents such as viruses, parasites, bacteria, fungi, arthropods, etc. The agents invade the tissues of the hosts and produce toxins within the host's body. The most common forms of medications used to treat infectious diseases are antibiotics, antihelminthics, antifungals, antivirals, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of infectious diseases. Some of the diverse topics covered in it address the varied branches that fall under this category. The extensive content of the book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the care and management of infections diseases. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post-graduate students.

Decreased blood supply to any part of the brain can lead to an ischemic stroke. Thrombosis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, embolism and systemic hypoperfusion are the four primary causes of ischemic stroke. The topics included in this book on ischemic stroke are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights into its diagnosis and management. It will also provide interesting topics for research which readers can take up.

Hematology is the branch of medicine which studies blood and treats the disorders of the blood. Cholemia, blood hammer, pancytopenia, thalassemia are some prevalent blood disorders. The different types of treatments given to patients with blood disorders are blood transfusion, platelet transfusion, venesection, bone marrow transplant, etc. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to hematology. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

Dyslexia is a learning disability which mainly occurs in children. It can also occur in adults because of an injury or an illness like dementia. Difficulty in reading quickly, pronouncing words aloud, spelling words and comprehending them are all conditions associated with dyslexia. This book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe related to the diagnosis and treatment of dyslexia. For all readers who are interested in the subject of dyslexia, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

The study of treatment and understanding of the causes and symptoms of mental disorders is known as psychiatry. It has many sub-branches like clinical neurophysiology, pain management, sleep medicine, addiction psychiatry, geriatric psychiatry, psychosomatic medicine, etc. The therapies included in this field are cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of psychiatry. The topics covered in it offer the readers new insights in this area. This textbook aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Arthritis is a disorder that affects joints. The symptoms mostly include swelling, redness and pain in the affected area. The two commonly occurring arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment for arthritis includes pain medications and physiotherapy. This book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. It is a vital tool for all those who are researching or studying the subject matter as it gives incredible insights into the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis.

This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of ophthalmology. Ocular system is the most important part of the eye. It refers to the central visual system of the eye. It is through this system that things are visible to all animals, including humans. It is the process through which the image is formed on the retina and then is perceived by our brain. The various studies and researches that are constantly contributing towards the discovery of advanced knowledge about this field are examined in detail in the text. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Medicine studies practices that diagnose, treat and prevent diseases and disorders. It is divided into many sub-branches like epidemiology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology to name a few. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of medicine. It elaborates on the various crucial theories, concepts and applications of the subject. The topics covered in the text provide detailed insights into this field of medicine. It aims to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. For all those who are interested in medicine, this text can prove to be an essential guide.

Orthopedic medicine studies the pathology, treatment and rehabilitation of traumatic injuries and disorders afflicting the musculoskeletal system. Sub-specialties of this particular branch of medicine include surgical sports medicine, pediatric orthopedics, shoulder and elbow surgery, spine surgery, hand surgery, etc. Internal and external implants are available for repairing severe injuries and biomaterials are especially used to avoid graft rejection of the device by the body. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of orthopedic medicine and surgery. Researchers and students in this field will be greatly assisted by this book.

Back pain is caused by irritation, strain and damage that is caused in the region where the spinal muscles, tendons, nerves and discs interconnect. This book discusses the pathophysiology for assessment as well as treatment procedures for back pain. Strain and stress caused to the body as well as injuries to the spine can cause low back pain. Physical therapy, medication and surgery are some of the treatments that are available for this disorder. The topics included in this book on back pain are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.

Pharmaceutics refers to the study of old drugs and new chemical entities (NCE) that can be used in treating patients effectively. In other words, it is known as the study of dosage. It includes the practice of formulating drugs into dosage form. Some of the concepts included in this field are pharmaceutical manufacturing, physical pharmacy, pharmaceutical formulation, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of pharmaceutics. It discusses in detail about the various inventions and revelations of this ever-evolving field. The diverse topics covered in the book address the varied branches that fall under this category. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with pharmaceutics will benefit alike from the text.

Clinical anesthesiology focuses on the use of anesthesia for medical purposes. It places a person in a temporary state of unconsciousness. Anesthesia is categorized into regional anesthesia or general anesthesia. Regional anesthesia is mainly used in cases in which only a particular region of the body needs to be numbed such as in childbirth. This book presents the complex subject of anesthesiology in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about the subject matter.

Spinal cord injuries affect the spinal cord causing damage that may be temporary or permanent. Total loss of muscle function, paralysis, paraplegia and other processes such as respiratory rate and pupillary response are some of the outcomes of spinal cord injuries. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to spinal cord injury medicine. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.

The branch of medicine which focuses on the physical, mental and emotional well being of children and adolescents is known as pediatrics. It has a number of sub-fields such as child abuse pediatrics, pediatric endocrinology, pediatric hematology, pediatric oncology, pediatric emergency medicine and sports pediatrics. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of pediatrics.

Skin diseases and disorders may differ in symptoms and severity. They can be genetic. Some of the common skin diseases and disorders are moles, acne, eczema, rosacea, impetigo, warts and skin cancer. Most of the skin diseases are treatable. The common treatment methods are medicated creams, laser therapy and antibiotics. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of skin diseases and disorders. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.

Orthopedics is the field of medical science that deals with diseases and disorders related to our musculoskeletal system. The doctors practicing this field apply surgical and non-surgical methods to treat diseases like congenital disorders, tumors, sports injuries, muscular dystrophy, soft tissue injuries, etc. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of orthopedics. It discusses in detail the methods and techniques used to diagnose and treat these diseases. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. For all readers who are interested in orthopedics, the case studies included in this text will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

As a branch of medicine science, pain management refers to the practice and study of improving the quality of life for people suffering from chronic pain. The primary treatment of pain includes drugs such as analgesics, anticonvulsants, etc. Other common treatment methods include physical therapy and rehabilitation such as acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve simulation, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to pain management. It discusses in detail all the theories and concepts used under this area. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of pain management.

Geriatrics refers to the medical practice of providing special health care to elderly people. It includes studies related to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders affecting the older individuals. The common diseases studied under this field are heart disease, Parkinson's disease, arthritis, high cholesterol, dementia, etc. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of geriatrics and the recent researches in this field. The various advancements in geriatric medicine are glanced at and their applications as well as therapeutic effects are looked at. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field.

Nursing falls under the umbrella of healthcare and focuses on patient care. Some of the primary branches of nursing include orthopedic nursing, oncology nursing, palliative care, telenursing, perioperative nursing and nursing informatics. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on nursing have been included in this book. It includes contributions of experts which will provide innovative insights into this field. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on nursing.

The disorder caused by any abnormality found in an individual's genes is known as a genetic disorder. They are mostly hereditary or can also be caused by new mutations. Genetic disorders can be grouped into three types - single gene disorders, chromosome disorders and multifactorial disorders. With advanced research and technology, new approaches are being developed in treating genetic disorders. This book presents the complex subject of genetic disorders in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language.