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This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the fields of cardiology and angiology. Cardiology is the branch of medical science that deals with heart related diseases while angiology studies the diseases of lymphatic system and blood vessels. These are interrelated fields as angiology tries to prevent diseases related to cardiovascular systems such as heart attack and strokes. Diagnostic procedures include auscultation, echocardiography, cardiac stress test, sphygmomanometer, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac marker, optical coherence tomography, etc. Cardiology and angiology are upcoming branches of medical science that have undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around these disciplines. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to all the readers including researchers, doctors and students.

Blood is the carrier of oxygen, which is essential for all life forms and for practically carrying out all the biological processes. Blood transfusion is the transfer of blood from one person to another in case of a medical emergency like accident, injury or a disease causing reduction in optimum levels of blood. It is a lifesaving technique. Blood transfusion techniques have seen some advancement over the years. Now only those components are required for transfusions that are present in lower concentration than required. While understanding the long term perspectives of the topics, this book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. It aims to assist those with a goal of delving deeper into the field of blood transfusion. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Surgery is inevitable in extreme cases like that of severe accident, organ failure or gangrene and even in the complicated cases of child birth. In some cases it helps in relieving pain and in other cases it optimizes body function. Different kinds of surgeries are available depending upon the body parts such as breast surgery, colon and rectal surgery, endocrine surgery, general surgery, gynecological surgery, hand surgery, head and neck surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, etc. Use of precision instruments in surgeries has made it further advanced and accurate. The various sub-fields of surgery along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. The aim of this text is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Diagnostic and clinical pathology refers to that branch of medical science which deals with diagnosing and treating diseases by using laboratory tests of urine, blood and other body fluids. It uses the elements of chemistry, hematology, microbiology, etc. to identify the disorders. Clinical pathologists use different techniques of examination like microscopical examination, analyzers, macroscopic examination, cultures, etc. This book outlines the processes and applications of this topic in detail. It elucidates new techniques in a multidisciplinary approach. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under pathology. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice related to the field of pathology. Students, researchers, pathologists, experts and all associated with this subject will benefit alike form this book.

Cancer is the nomenclature used for a set of diseases that occur due to excessive cell growth in any body part and may infest other parts of the body. It is generally characterized by formation of malignant tumors. These are caused due to various factors such as chemical pollutants, radiations, obesity, genetic inheritance, infections, etc. Classification of cancer can be done on the basis of origin of the tumor. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects related to cancer and the recent researches in this field. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts. It will serve as a resource guide for oncologists, researchers, professionals and students.

Urology is a branch of medical science which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the urinary tract in both females and males; this includes the ureters, bladder, urethra, etc. There are various sub-specialties of urology for example, male infertility, pediatric urology, neurourology, etc. This book will elucidate the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to this field. It will provide a detailed explanation of all the important concepts and practices related to this area. Those with an interest and an eye for detail will find this book helpful. It will serve as a beneficial guide of reference for students, urologists and researchers.

Computational medicine is a rapidly growing field of medical science. It refers to the practice of using computer systems and software to diagnose different fatal diseases and to find how they are caused and the effects they have on human beings. It helps to study chronic diseases like cancer, heart ailments, etc. The aim of computational medicine is to study the growth of diseases in the human body and how it slowly kills the cells, tissues and other organs of our body. This book will bring forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidate the new advances made in this area. It presents the complex subject of computational medicine in the most comprehensible format. It will serve as a reference guide to a broad spectrum of readers like students, doctors, experts, physicians, scientists, etc.

Gynecology is a field of medical science which deals with examining and treating the female reproductive organs like vagina, ovaries, uterus, etc. Obstetrics as a specialty deals with pregnancy, childbirth and post-partum period. Both of these areas are generally combined as a singular field of study. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. It presents case studies from across the globe and thus, serves as a valuable source of knowledge. It will help readers to keep pace with the rapid changes being made in this field. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with obstetrics and gynecology will benefit alike from this book.

This book unravels the recent studies in the area of clinical diabetes. It provides interesting topics for research which readers can take up. Diabetes is a chronic disease which is caused either due to improper functioning of pancreas or if body cannot utilize the produced insulin effectively. It is one of the most prevalent diseases at present. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the area of diabetes. It includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field. Researchers and students studying this discipline will be assisted by this book.

Pulmonology is the field of medical science that deals with diseases related to lungs. The professionals or doctors working in this field are generally trained in dealing with diseases related to chest such as tuberculosis, asthma, emphysema, pneumonia and other complications. This also involves ventilator support in case of critical breathing problems. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of pulmonology practiced by clinicians as easy and informative as possible, for the readers. This book consists of contributions made by international experts which unravel the recent progress of this field. It is an essential guide for pulmonologists, academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Many people suffer dental problems these days, this is where clinical dentistry comes into play. It deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral problems. It has progressed with the help of specialized alloys and biomaterials. There are different specialties available in this field such as endodontics, forensic odontology, geriatric dentistry, oral medicine periodontology, etc. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in the area of clinical dentistry. The topics included in this book are of utmost importance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduates, postgraduates as well as professionals.

Immune system is responsible for defending the body against disease causing agents whether internal or external. It generates antibodies to counter possible infections. Immunology is a rapidly progressing discipline playing a vital role in diverse fields of medical science such as oncology, parasitology, organ transplantation, etc. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects and recent researches in this field. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies have been included in this book. Scientists and students actively engaged in this area will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Toxicology is the branch of chemistry which studies the effects of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs on organisms. It focuses on the harmful effects of dosages and the extent to which an organism can be affected because of it. In the field of medicine, toxicology studies the impact of dosage on living organisms with respect to environmental factors, age, sex, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the field of toxicology. Those with an interest in the field of toxicology would find this book helpful.

The field of gastroenterology is one of the most important fields in the medicinal science. It deals with the identification, prevention and treatment of disorders and ailments occurring in the digestive system, including alimentary canal. Few of the treatment processes included in this field are endoscopy, liver biopsy, proctology, colonoscopy, etc. This book provides significant information about this discipline to help develop a better understanding of gastroenterology and its sub-fields. Some of the diverse topics covered in the book address the varied branches that fall under this subject. It is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

The branch of biology which studies the development of fetus is known as embryology. It also studies the birth defects and disorders found before birth. Embryology is becoming an important area for research as it focuses on certain diseases and mutations that can be detected and treated during pregnancy. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on embryology and birth defects have been included in this book. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in this field.

Angioplasty is a surgical procedure which restores arteries and veins to its normal functioning. It is meant to treat arterial atherosclerosis and is a minimally invasive procedure. This book on angioplasty discusses the various techniques that are involved in it such as stenting and balloon septostomy. Coronary angioplasty and peripheral angioplasty are the most common disorders for which treatment is sought. A number of latest researches have been included in this book to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of angioplasty.