Bøker utgitt av Hayle Medical

Obstetrics is a medical field which concentrates on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Prenatal care and postnatal care are the main areas which come under it. Prenatal care is important in the screening of pregnancy complications, whereas, postnatal care is the care provided to the mother following parturition. Gynecology deals with the health of the breasts and female reproductive organs, consisting of the vagina, uterus and ovaries. Women may suffer from a number of gynecological disorders such as cancer, amenorrhoea, menorrhagia, pelvic inflammatory diseases and UTI, infertility, prolapse, etc. The diagnosis of such conditions is aided by physical examination, diagnostic laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, exploratory laparotomy, etc. The topics included in this book on obstetrics and gynecology are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with obstetrics and gynecology will benefit alike from this book.

Ovary refers to the organ in the female reproductive system which produces an egg cell or ovum. After the release, the ovum reaches the uterus by traveling down the fallopian tube, where it may get fertilised by a sperm. There are two ovaries in a female body, i.e., one on the left, and the other on the right. Ovaries secrete hormones which play a significant role in fertility and the menstrual cycle. They are considered to be female gonads. The changes in the structure and function of the ovaries begin at puberty. Some of the common conditions associated with ovaries include ovarian cyst, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancer. The book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of ovarian research and its utmost significance in modern times. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to ovarian research have been included in this book.

The disorder related to the inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine is known as inflammatory bowel disease. It is usually diagnosed with the help of colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination in which a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera is attached on a flexible tube and is passed through the anus. It is used for examining the large bowel and the distant part of the small bowel. The two main types of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is a common treatment method to cure inflammatory bowel disease. Many research dimensions have emerged over the years concerning the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Use of helminthic therapy, prebiotics and probiotics, cannabis and gram-positive bacteria have yielded promising results for the management of certain forms of the disease. This book contains some path-breaking studies related to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of inflammatory bowel disease. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Gastroenterology is a sub-field of medicine, which focuses on the gastrointestinal tract and the alimentary canal. It is concerned with the diseases and disorders that affect these organs. Hepatology is the branch of medicine focused on the disorders related to the pancreas, biliary tree, gallbladder and liver. Hepatology is often regarded as a sub-specialty of gastroenterology. Hepatitis B and C are the most common infectious diseases treated by hepatologists. The topics included in this book on hepatology are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It also elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to gastroenterology. As these fields are emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts of the subjects.

Gastrointestinal surgery, also known as digestive system surgery can be classified into two parts, i.e., upper gastrointestinal surgery and lower gastrointestinal surgery. Upper gastrointestinal surgery (GI) is a practice of surgery which is concerned with the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The tasks performed by an upper GI surgeon include esophagectomy, liver resection and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Lower gastrointestinal surgery, also known as lower GI surgery is a practice of surgery concerned with colorectal surgery as well as surgery of the small intestine. A lower GI surgeon usually deals with colectomy and low or ultralow resections for rectal cancer. This book contains some path-breaking studies related to gastrointestinal surgery. It discusses the fundamental as well as modern approaches of gastrointestinal surgery. This book includes contributions of experts and doctors which will provide innovative insights to readers

All diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion are known as gastrointestinal diseases. The gastrointestinal tract comprises of the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. The accessory organs of digestion include the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Oral diseases related to the GI tract include gingivitis, acid erosion, periodontitis, mouth ulcers, dental caries and angular cheilitis. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's oesophagus are some of the oesophageal diseases. Gastric diseases include gastroenteritis and peptic ulcers. Enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are two common intestinal diseases. Fatty liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and hepatitis are examples of common liver diseases. The topics included in this book on gastrointestinal medicine are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students, doctors and researchers in this field.

Endocrinology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the study of the endocrine system, its associated diseases and hormonal secretions such as insulin, thyroid hormone and growth hormone. Hormones are classified into the classes of amines, steroids, and peptides and proteins. A number of endocrine feedback mechanisms are integral to the working of the endocrine system. These act in such a way that one feedback mechanism controls the release or action of another hormone. Some endocrine diseases are hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, among others. Most of such disorders require lifelong care. The diagnosis of endocrine disorders is performed by laboratory techniques especially through inhibition/suppression testing or excitation/stimulation testing. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on endocrinology have been included in this book. There has been rapid progress in the understanding of endocrine disorders, their diagnostic techniques and treatments, which have been included in this extensive book. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. A group of inflammatory conditions associated with the colon and small intestine is termed as inflammatory bowel disease. The two main types of inflammatory bowel disease include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A group of symptoms like, abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements comes under the broad term, irritable bowel syndrome. There are four main types of IBS, namely, constipation-predominant (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D), with alternating stool pattern (IBS-A) and pain-predominant. This book unravels the recent studies related to inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. It consists of contributions made by international experts. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The branch of medicine that studies the functioning of the digestive system and its disorders is known as gastroenterology. It is mainly concerned with the disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including organs from mouth to anus, along the alimentary canal. Hepatology is a subset of gastroenterology. It is concerned with the study of liver, gallbladder, bile ducts and pancreas. Physicians who are a specialist in the field of gastroenterology are known as gastroenterologists. They usually perform procedures like, endoscopy, colonoscopy, liver biopsy, endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiancreatography to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal diseases. The topics included in this book on gastroenterology are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It explores all the important aspects of gastroenterology in the present day scenario. Doctors, researchers and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Radiology is a specialization in medicine, which uses imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases. Imaging modalities used in radiology are projection radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, etc. A subspecialty of radiology is interventional radiology in which minimally invasive procedures are carried out using image guidance. Examples of these are angiography and angioplasty. Such procedures are used in the case of renal artery stenosis, peripheral vascular disease, inferior vena cava filter placement, hepatic intervention, biliary stent, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of diagnostic radiology. It traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key aspects and applications. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Intensive care is the care of extremely ill patients who are struggling with severe and life-threatening illnesses. Such patients require constant attention, proper care, support from special equipments, and medications to be able to perform normal bodily functions. Trauma, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure are some of the common medical conditions which are treated in an intensive care unit. Analgesics, medically induced comas and induced sedation are strategies for the management of pain and prevention of secondary infections. Some of the equipment available in an intensive care unit are hemofiltration equipment, mechanical ventilation, nasogastric tubes, catheters, drains and suction pumps. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of intensive care. The topics included herein are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for doctors and experts.

Dermatology is the branch of medicine, involving the medical and surgical management of the conditions of the hair, scalp, skin and nails. Conditions of the human dermis constitute a spectrum of dermatoses as well as nonpathologic states like racquet nails and melanonychia. The diagnosis of these is made by gathering information regarding the skin lesion(s), symptoms, morphology, duration, color, etc. Nail diseases are determined by an inspection of pliability, color changes and markings, shape and texture. Some nail diseases are Onychoptosis, Paronychia, Onychia, Onychocryptosis, etc. Hair disease may usually refer to baldness or excessive shedding of hair. Balding can occur in a localized or diffused area, and can be scarring or non-scarring. Some of the dermatological therapies for the treatment of such conditions are cryosurgery, hair transplantation, tumescent liposuction, vitiligo surgery, Mohs surgery, etc. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of dermatology. It elucidates new techniques of diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in a multidisciplinary manner. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The human skin covers on an average an area of two square meters, and constitutes of three distinct layers- the dermis, epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. The medical conditions of the integumentary system, including the hair, skin, nails, muscles and glands are known as skin diseases. It constitutes a range of disorders or dermatoses and many nonpathologic states. The diagnosis of skin diseases follows through a histological examination using a skin biopsy that is then correlated with clinical presentation and laboratory data. Cutaneous ultrasound also allows detection of hair diseases, nail disorders, cutaneous tumors and inflammations. This book attempts to understand the varied types of skin diseases, their diagnoses and treatment strategies. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing the understanding of such diseases are examined in detail. Researchers and students in the field of dermatology will be assisted by this book.

Infection refers to the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication inside the body. Infections of the skin caused due to bacteria, fungi, virus, and parasitic infestations, stings, and bites are called skin infections. They can cause inflammation in the skin. Some of the common examples of bacterial skin infections are cellulitis, erysipelas, impetigo, and folliculitis. Fungal skin infections usually affect the skin, hair, and nails. Parasitic infections are generally caused by protozoa, cnidaria, arthropoda, echinodermata, bryozoa, annelida, platyhelminthes, and cyanobacteria. Viral infections include Butcher's wart, cowpox, Eczema vaccinatum, Condylomata acuminate, Chikungunya fever, etc. The topics included in this book on skin infections are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the assessment and management of skin infections. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into dermatology.

The branch of medicine concerned with oral health and the diagnosis and management of diseases of the dentition, oral mucosa and related structures and tissues in the maxillofacial area is known as dentistry. Some of the specializations in the science of dentistry are endodontics, geriodontics, oral implantology, periodontology, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, pathology and radiology, etc. Some of the common procedures used in the treatment of oral diseases are the surgical extraction of tooth, root canal treatment, scaling and root planing, restoration of teeth, etc. Complex treatments like bone grafting, gingival grafts, dental implants and sinus lifts as well as highly invasive oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures may be required for the treatment and management of dental conditions. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about modern dentistry. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies have been included herein. For all readers who are interested in dentistry, the case studies included herein will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Orthodontics, also known as orthodontia, is a specialty in the field of dentistry. It is concerned with the diagnosis of malpositioned teeth and jaws along with their correction and prevention. The abnormal deviation of teeth from the ideal occlusion is known as malocclusion. Orthodontic camouflage and growth modification are two common methods for treating malocclusions with underlying skeletal problems. A combination of orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment may also be used to correct jaw discrepancy. Orthodontic indices such as angle's classification, malignment index, occlusal feature index, Handicapping Labiolingual Deviation Index (HLDI), etc. are used to grade and assess malocclusions. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of orthodontics. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into the field of orthodontics.

Wound healing is a complex process of repair where the skin and the tissues in an injured area repair themselves. In undamaged skin, the dermis and the epidermis constitute a protective barrier against the external environment. When this barrier is ruptured, a sequence of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation or tissue growth and tissue remodeling occurs to repair the damage. This process of healing can be interrupted by factors, such as diabetes, infection, venous or arterial disease or metabolic deficiencies of old age, leading to the formation of non-healing chronic wounds. The major complications of wound healing include deficient and excessive scar formation, deficient contraction, exuberant granulation, dystrophic calcification, Marjolin's ulcer, etc. Various skin substitutes, biologics, biomembranes and scaffolds are used to facilitate wound healing. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the traditional to the contemporary clinical perspectives in the domain of wound healing. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

The inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth fall under the broad category of periodontal disease. The early stage of periodontal disease is known as gingivitis. In this stage, the gums become red and swollen, and may even bleed. The more severe form of periodontal disease is called periodontitis. In periodontitis, the gums often pull away from the teeth, the bones become weak, and there is a possibility that the teeth may loosen or fall out. Periodontal disease is usually caused by bacteria. Periodontal probe and X-rays are commonly used to diagnose periodontal disease. Root Surface Instrumentation, and scaling and root planing are the common treatment methods. The topics included in this book on periodontitis are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students, doctors and researchers in this field.

Oral health is a branch of medicine concerned with teeth and other areas of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint and the supporting muscular, lymphatic, vascular, nervous and anatomical structures. Tooth decay is the most common disease occurring globally. Over 80% of cavities occur inside the fissures in teeth, which are not accessible by brushing. Teeth cleaning removes dental plaque and tartar and thus prevents cavities, gum disease, gingivitis and tooth decay. Professional cleaning involves scaling and polishing, debridement and fluoride treatment. Good oral hygiene is required for the prevention of tartar build-up and can be ensured with regular brushing and flossing. Dentures and retainers should also be cleaned regularly. A dentist or a dental surgeon specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the conditions of the oral cavity. Complex procedures such as bone grafting, gingival grafts, invasive oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, sinus lifts and implants, etc. are performed by a dental team comprising of the dentist, dental hygienists, dental therapists, dental technicians and dental assistants. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of oral health. It discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of oral health and dentistry. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.

The practice of maintaining cleanliness of one's mouth and keeping it germ-free is called oral hygiene. Dental and gum diseases which affect oral hygiene include dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. The common and effective methods to maintain oral hygiene and to prevent oral diseases include routine tooth brushing, flossing and the use of tongue scrapers. Regular brushing plays an important role in the reduction of dental plaque. This can be done using a brush with soft bristles as it causes little damage to the gums. Flossing is a technique used to remove plaque from the space between the teeth. Tongue scrapers are used to remove the debris built up on the tongue. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to oral health. It traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. This book includes contributions of dentists and experts which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Dental caries is commonly known as tooth decay. It refers to the decay of teeth caused by bacteria and the acids produced by them. It causes pain while eating. It can also lead to tooth loss, dental abscess and inflammation of the tissues around the teeth. Mutans streptococci, most prominently Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, and lactobacilli are common types of bacteria that cause dental cavities. X-rays and lasers are used to detect dental caries. It can be prevented by practicing a healthy oral health regime such as regular teeth cleaning and flossing, avoiding a sugar intensive diet and lower intake of fluorides. Dental caries is often classified to represent the severity of tooth decay accurately. It may be classified on the basis of location, rate of progression, etiology and affected hard tissues. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the assessment and management of dental caries. It includes contributions of experts and dentists, which will provide innovative insights. For all those who are interested in dental caries, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

The field of dentistry is concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disorders, diseases and conditions of the dentition, oral mucosa and oral cavity. Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health, which makes use of current scientific data and evidence for guiding decision-making related to a patient's medical and oral health. It allows practitioners to stay abreast of the latest researches and procedures in dentistry in order to provide the best possible care for patients. Modern dentistry applies restorative procedures to treat diseases of the teeth like cavities and dental trauma. For dental caries, the condition may be reversed if caught in its early stages but in its later stages, restorative methods of intervention become vital. The incorporation of dental technologies incorporating digitally-controlled components is an upcoming aspect of dentistry. Some of these technologies are dental lasers, computer-aided implant dentistry, CAD/CAM and intraoral imaging, photogrammetry-based intraoral scanning, etc. This integration makes dental procedures more efficient both for restorative or diagnostic purposes. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of evidence-based dentistry. It presents this upcoming discipline in the most comprehensible language. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Dentistry is a branch of medicine that deals with dental care and oral health. It also studies the diseases and disorders of the oral cavity. The medical conditions of the adjacent tissues and other structures related to the oral cavity are also studied under this branch of medicine. The temporomandibular joint and its supporting muscular, nervous, vascular and anatomical structures are of particular interest in this field. Tooth decay is a common disease. Restorative dental treatments include fillings, crowns and bridges, whereas, prosthetic treatments include removable or fixed dentures. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to dental care and oral health. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to dental care and oral health. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

The practice of maintaining hygiene of the mouth is known as oral hygiene. It is required to be carried out on a regular basis to prevent dental diseases and bad breath. Tooth decay and periodontitis are two of the most common types of dental and gum diseases. Routine dental treatment includes dental filling, tooth extraction, scaling and root planing, and root canal. Teeth cleaning is an important part of oral hygiene. It includes the removal of dental plaque from teeth in order to prevent gum diseases, deposits of tartar and cavities. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of oral health practice. Some of the diverse topics covered in it address the varied branches that fall under this category. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

The medical domain of dentistry concerns the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases and disorders. Most dental procedures involve endodontic, orthodontic, periodontic, prosthodontic, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The treatment of dental disorders often requires cleaning and examination. Various dental tools and instruments are used for examining, restoring, extracting teeth and manipulating tissues. These include dental probes, retractors, drill, dental laser, dental torque wrench, periodontal scalers, dental forceps, etc. Specially fabricated materials called dental materials are used in dentistry such as dental restorations, endodontic materials, prosthetic materials and dental implants, besides others. Dental restorative materials are used for cosmetic enhancement, or as a replacement for tooth structure loss, arising due to dental trauma, tooth wear and dental caries. For painful procedures, anesthetics are injected into the alveolar nerves for blocking sensory transmission. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of dentistry, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field.

A heart transplant is a surgical transplantation procedure that is performed on patients suffering from severe coronary artery disease or end-stage heart failure. A functioning heart from a recently deceased organ donor is implanted into a patient when other medical or surgical treatments have failed to suffice. It is not considered a cure but a life-saving treatment that is intended to improve the chances of survival and provide a better quality of life to individuals. Patients who do not qualify for a heart transplant may be prescribed a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or an artificial heart. In some cases, a heart-lung transplant is performed in patients with diseased heart and lungs. Nearly 3,500 heart transplant surgeries are performed worldwide every year. The survival period post-operation is averaged to be at 15 years. This book presents the complex aspects of heart transplantation in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on heart transplantation have been included in this book. It will be a valuable resource for cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, residents and students alike.

Cardiomyopathy refers to a set of diseases which affect the heart muscle. Common symptoms include swelling of the lower extremities, shortness of breath, fainting, irregular heartbeat and increased tiredness. Individuals with cardiomyopathy are at a higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Some types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, restrictive cardiomyopathy, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, etc. A cardiomyopathy is determined through a physical examination, blood test, ECG, echocardiogram, genetic testing, etc. The treatment of cardiomyopathy depends on the type of the cardiomyopathy and its symptoms, which are treatable through medications, lifestyle changes and surgery. Pacemakers, defibrillators and ventricular assist devices are some of the tools used for the management of abnormal heart rates, fatal heart rhythms and heart failure. These are therefore useful for the treatment of cardiomyopathies. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and principles in the classification, evaluation and treatment of cardiomyopathies. The various advancements in this domain are glanced at and their implications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. This book aims to equip students and cardiologists with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease. It is of various types, such as stable and unstable angina, myocardial infarction and cardiac death. It may lead to complications such as abnormal heartbeat and heart failure. The risk factors that contribute to the incidence of coronary artery diseases include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, lack of exercise, blood cholesterol, poor diet, alcohol consumption, etc. Individuals may have a predisposition to coronary artery disease depending on their genetics. MRI, exercise ECG, echocardiology, intravascular ultrasound, etc. are used for determining coronary artery disease. Stress echocardiography is used for diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease. It can be treated through lifestyle changes, coronary interventions such as coronary stent, angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, using drugs such as beta-blockers, nitroglycerin, cholesterol lowering medications, etc. Research in this domain is focused on stem cell therapies and new angiogenic treatment modalities. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about coronary artery disease. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. The topics covered herein offer the readers new insights in cardiology.

Cardiology is a sub-field of medicine concerned with the conditions of the heart and the circulatory system. This field encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, valvular heart disease and heart failure, among others. The chief specializations in cardiology fall within the two domains of adult cardiology and pediatric cardiology. Within these specific fields, there exist sub-specialties such as cardiac electrophysiology, echocardiography, cardiogeriatrics, pulmonary atresia, Ebstein anomaly, tetralogy of Fallot, etc. The heart is the center of focus in cardiology. Any patient with chest pain or any symptom suggestive of cardiovascular pathology will undergo a cardiac examination, which follows the stages of inspection, palpation and auscultation. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around cardiology. The various sub-fields along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at herein. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of cardiology.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging or cardiac MRI is a non-invasive imaging technology used for the assessment of the cardiovascular system. It has a significant role in evidence-based therapeutic and diagnostic pathways in cardiovascular disease, especially the surgical planning in complex heart diseases. It has applications in the assessment of cardiovascular disorders, such as myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, myocardial ischemia and viability, congenital heart disease, besides others. The development of CMR is an active area of research and is witnessing innovation in terms of better and improved techniques. This book explores all the important aspects of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the present day scenario. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and the evolution of this field are examined in detail. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with cardiology and medical imaging will benefit alike from this book.