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Sections of the book are dedicated to state-of-the art techniques which enable investigation of uracil insertion/deletion RNA editing in mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei, adenosine to inosine RNA editing, cytidine to uracil RNA and DNA editing, as well as tRNA editing and RNA modifications.

Through the rapid development of proteomics methods and technologies, an enormous amount of data was created, leading to a wide-spread rethinking of strategy design and data interpretation.

Societal, ethical, and cost-related issues, not to mention the need for sound scientific methods, have led to new and refined methods for the evaluation of health risks associated with neurotoxic compounds, relevant and predictive of exposure, relatively inexpensive, and ideally amenable to high throughput analysis and a reduction in animal use.

In Biological Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore exciting new developments in the field, providing a comprehensive approach to biological microarrays that conveys not only the state-of-the-art fundamentals, but also includes applications of the most innovative methods.

Over the past two decades, spectacular advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular genetics of cancer, leading to the pursuit of identifying genes that, when mutated, result in an increased susceptibility to the disease.

Plant protein kinases specifically addressed in this volume are members of the plant MAP kinase cascade, cyclin- and Calcium-dependent protein kinases, and plant sensor and receptor kinases.

Spanning from discoveries in fundamental immunology to industrial and commercial concerns, the study of vaccine adjuvants has developed into an exciting area of work with great, vital potential in innovating techniques in which adjuvants may steer the immune system towards the responses required by unmet vaccination needs.

In the best case, genetic analysis in the 'biocrime' sector can exclude sources, narrow the population of possible sources and support associations with potential sources.

These include pro- cols for immuno (Chapters 4-7), lectin (Chapter 8), and hybridization (Chapter 9) histochemistry,histologicalstaining (Chapters10and11),aswellasspecificmethods for the in situ identification of hypoxia (Chapter 12) and apoptosis (Chapter 13).

As our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal transduction continues to grow, we cannot help but be struck by the emerging complexity and the ability of this receptor superfamily to continually surprise us as new facets are discovered.

With significant developments in the areas of chromatography and spectroscopy as well as the unique inherent chemical diversity of natural products, vital in drug research, natural products research has gained new momentum.

Applying neurophysiological methods to the study of brain-behavior relationships proved to be a major advance in the early days of neuroscience research.

This detailed volume will focus on the phenomenon of RNA interference by providing comprehensive coverage of various techniques for in vivo micro/siRNA imaging including the design and synthesis of specific imaging agents and tools, the development of imaging methodologies, and their interpretation.

Chapters provide basic introduction of TGF- signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus, methods and techniques for the investigation of TGF- signaling mechanism including receptors, Smads, intracellular kinases, microRNA, epigenetic regulation, post-translational regulations, non-Smad pathway;

This volume provides current methods to analyze the properties of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in vitro and to measure the biological responses of DREADD activation in different neuronal populations in vivo.

Providing a spectrum of models that is reflective of the various species that can be utilized in experimentation on disorders across a broad range of developmental disabilities, this volume collects expert contributions involved in investigation of the causes, outcomes, treatment, and prevention.

This volume covers several aspects of rational drug design, such as synthesis of novel bioactive drugs;

This volume details computational techniques for analyses of a wide range of biological contexts, providing an overview of the most up-to-date techniques used in the field. Chapters guide the reader through available data resources and analysis methods and easy-to-follow protocols that allow the researcher to apply various computational tools to an array of different data types. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory and computational protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computational Cell Biology: Method and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This book describes both the technologies used in the discovery of melanoma biomarkers and the clinical application of these biomarkers for diagnosis and staging of disease, determination of prognosis, treatment planning, monitoring of response to therapy, identification of novel therapeutic targets and drug development.