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This volume aims to cover all major methodological aspects of research into purinergic signaling and to provide a foundation for studying them at molecular, biochemical, pharmacological, and physiological levels. Chapters guide readers through current knock-out and knock-in mouse models, in silico modeling, knock down purinoceptor expression, bioluminiscence resonance energy transfer, enzyme-based biosensors, recording P2X receptor electrophysiology, controlling P2X receptors by optogenetics, inflammasome activation, leukocyte migration, and cell adhesion. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Purinergic Signaling: Methods and Protocols will provide asound basis for molecular, cellular, and physiological research into purinergic signaling in health and disease and will spark interest in this fascinating signaling process among researchers in many different and unrelated disciplines.

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with a discussion of new and updated methods used to study the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), along with a look at the latest developing technologies such as next generation sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 engineering, and the use of BioID to identify protein-protein interactions. Chapters cover topics such as the biology, life cycle, and current state of antiviral and vaccine development for HSV-1; protocols on growing viruses in cell culture and manipulating viral DNA; design and application of HSV-1 vectors for cancer- and gene-therapy; and structural analyses, microscopy, proteomics, and testing of antivirals. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Herpes Simplex Virus: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for immunologists, and molecular and cell biologists. This book will also be useful for researchers who wish to initiate molecular and/or cellular-based approaches to study HSV.

This second edition volume expands all chapters of the previous edition, which have been enhanced to cover the most recent developments, the current state of method research, and applications. Additional protocols were added to examine lipid-protein interactions by mass spectrometry, to use protein microarrays to investigate large sets of various proteins, to study membrane protein dynamics by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy, to analyze peptide-induced pore formation in membranes, and to investigate folding and insertion of membrane proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Lipid-Protein Interactions: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an essential resource for all researchers who are interested in obtaining up-to-date and comprehensive information about membrane structure and function.

This book collects techniques to continue exploring post-genomic land plant biology though the wisdom and skills accumulated from work on the founding molecular biology models that can now guide research into other species, including crop plants.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of different ways to grow algae and the techniques used to start algal cultivation, monitor algal growth, environmental impact of growing algae, and various methods for characterizing the biomass.

This book expands upon the useful first edition by exploring classic Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) techniques as well as a number of recently developed applications.

Divided into several sections, the book delves into animal-pathogen interaction, microbe-microbe interaction, as well as plant-pathogen interaction.

This volume focuses on the optogenetics workflow, and covers topics on viral vectors, targeting strategies, choice on opsins, animal models and readouts, and applications in systems neuroscience.

This volume presents a broad compendium of techniques used in biodegradation and toxicological research. Through both legacy and up-to-date approaches to practical methodologies with proven results, the book examines the role and applications of analytical biodegradation quantification as it applies to the environmental sciences, particularly in the range of byproducts that are usually linked to toxicology, and the test organisms most often used in toxicity testing. Topics include scientific and technical feasibility studies, contaminant impacts evaluation, study design and analytical techniques, key methodologies required to prepare the biodegradation and toxicology protocols, as well as the handling of microbial communities related to such processes. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters deal with a critical discussion of laboratory scale experiments, as well as full scale in situ and ex situ apparatus, with each chapter containing both a discursive section along with a detailed methods section. Detailed and authoritative, Toxicity and Biodegradation Testing is primarily focused toward the environmental sciences researcher, while the range of techniques also provides an introduction to biodegradation and toxicology methods for researchers outside of the field.

This detailed volume gathers a comprehensive collection of methods, protocols, and procedures used for the identification, characterization, and selection of cancer stem cells.

This volume details basic and advanced protocols for both stages of protein engineering: the library design phase and the identification of improved variants by screening and selection.

This volume covers state-of-the-art applications of solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR) spectroscopy to study protein structure, dynamics and interactions.

This detailed volume provides background on recent new technology developments highlighting the potential of the genomic era in wheat breeding with invaluable instruction on the methodology, which is complemented by overview chapters on the status of new technology application in major wheat production countries.

This second edition volume expands on the first edition by providing up-to-date protocols to characterize nanomaterials used as drug delivery agents.

This detailed volume presents a wide range of techniques that go beyond the standard assays typically used to assess Myogenesis. The content included addresses assays to analyze skeletal muscle gene expression, proliferating muscle cells, the process of myoblast fusion, muscle development (in vivo), as well as muscle repair.

This volume presents current advanced technologies and methods used in super-resolution microscopy.

This volume presents protocols for Brachypodium genomics in numerous areas ranging from marker development, trait evolution, functional genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and tilling.

This volume presents a collection of tools currently used for the characterization of rust, the host plant wheat, and their interactions. This book is divided into five parts: Parts I and II discuss advanced techniques for characterizing rust pathogens in rust surveillance, genotyping, and molecular pathogenicity; Part III describes protocols for genetic analysis of rust resistance; Part IV covers methods on rust resistance gene cloning; and Part V talks about the isolation and screening of bacterial endophytes as biocontrol agents for rust disease management. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Wheat Rust Disease: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both established and novel wheat rust researchers and also the plant science and microbial research community.

This volume aims at providing an update on state of the art methodologies to study various aspects of selenoprotein biology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and practical, Selenoproteins: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This volume details methods that will aid in the selection of promoter sequences and vector components and methods for the assembly and testing of synthetic promoters with examples of their application.

This volume presents state-of-the-art protocols for key experiments that have revolutionized our understanding of the bacterial nucleoid.

Methods for the successful delivery of these gene therapy vector systems to the retina are examined, as well as assays to test the efficacy in vitro in cell cultures, for gene augmentation and gene editing in vivo on rodents, pigs, and monkey retinas, and on human retinal explants as well as in human clinical studies.

This detailed book expands upon the previous edition with a collection of methods for those performing experimental work on small GTPases of the Rho family. Split into four sections, the volume explores computational modeling and imaging procedures, biochemical methods related to post-translational modifications of Rho GTPases as well as some high throughput methods, functional assays that allow for monitoring the consequences of manipulating Rho GTPases in a variety of cell types and cell biology processes, and techniques specifically designed for studies in selected non-mammalian model organisms (zebrafish, social ameba, plants and algae). Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on trouble shooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Rho GTPases: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition constitutes an invaluable tool for all those with an interest in this remarkable family of signaling proteins.