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This book focuses on the future directions of the static scheduling and dynamic load balancing methods in parallel and distributed systems. It provides an overview and a detailed discussion of a wide range of topics from theoretical background to practical, state-of-the-art scheduling and load balancing techniques.

It also looks at verification to ensure that the software requirements specifications are in compliance with the system requirements and conforms to document standards. The last phase addressed by the book is software requirements management including planning and controlling of all these activities.

Almost all software solutions are developed through academic research and implemented only in prototype machines, thus leaving the field of software techniques for maintaining the cache coherence widely open for new research and development. This book is a collection of all the representative approaches to software coherence maintenance and includes a number of related studies in the performance evaluation field. The illustrates state-of-the-art software solutions for cache coherence maintenance in shared-memory multiprocessors. It begins with a set of four overview of the cache coherence problem and introduces software solutions to the problem. The text defines and details static and dynamic software schemes, techniques for modeling performance evaluation mechanisms, and performance evaluation studies. The book is intended for the experienced reader in computer engineering but possibly a novice in the topic of cache coherence. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the problem as well as a comprehensive overview for multicomputer designers, computer architects, and compiler writers. In addition, it is a software coherence reference handbook for advanced undergraduate and typical graduate students in multiprocessing and multiprogramming areas.

This book is intended to be a practical guide for eclectic scientists and engineers who find themselves in need of implementing warping algorithms and comprehending the underlying concepts.

Over the last several decades, improvements in software developments tools and methods have allowed geographically and culturally diverse groups to come together in global software development teams. Following the life cycle of a typical software development project, Global Software Development looks at the growing needs for global software development and the foundations of development strategy. Beginning with a description of the necessary first steps in setting up the development environment and project team, the book progresses through development, emphasizing the differences between traditional and virtual management. The final chapter presents three case studies that illustrate the principles and activities described in the preceding chapters. Dale Karolak makes it easier for manages to understand what to consider when managing a virtual project and offers a broad spectrum of information that enhances the reader's understanding of global software development.

In recent years, computer graphics has evolved into the major disciplines of computer animation, image processing, visualization, and virtual reality. Today these technologies are converging into one seamless digital medium resulting in various tools that will transform the way we will work in the next century. Virtual Worlds on the Internet examines how the latest developments in virtual environments, computer animation, communication networks, and the Internet are being configured to create revolutionary tools and systems. Vince and Earnshaw include twenty papers that will influence computer systems of the twenty-first century. Topics include: a toolkit for the development of virtual environment applications fort education and research behavior descriptions used in expansive virtual environments different uses of VRML in information system interfaces an examination of research in virtual reality environment interfaces five approaches to supporting changes in virtual environments the transmission of vector graphics and animations over narrow-band transmission channels an exploration of an implicit modeling system including an interactive editor for building models a description of the advantages of 3D environments for shopping applications on the Internet the prototype of a software tool that automatically generates 3D models of virtual supermarkets a "VR workbench" that displays strategic information viewable by a user group an overview of a VR display system describing its workbench technology and its applications how to separate the functionality of a multi-user 3D modeling system into functional tools with interface specifications

Elements of Software Process Assessment and Improvement reviews current assessment practices, experiences, and new research trends in software process improvement. Revised chapters expanded from articles in The Software Process Newsletter of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Council on Software Engineering, describe the improvement cycle in detail: from diagnosing an organization, establishing a business case, and changing elements within a process to final evaluation. This book's thorough examination of contemporary models evaluates an organization's processes and capabilities, covers the business argument for assessment and improvement, and illustrates expected improvements and assessment reliability methods. Additional information includes application guidelines covering critical success factors including tools and techniques and important developments that enhance the reader's understanding of organizational processes in practice.

Object-oriented programming increases software reusability, extensibility, interoperability, and reliability. Software testing is necessary to realize these benefits. Software testing aims to uncover as many programming errors as possible at a minimum cost. A major challenge to the software engineering community remains how to reduce the cost and improve the quality of software testing. The requirements for testing object-oriented programs differ from those for testing conventional programs. Testing Object-Oriented Software illustrates these differences and discusses object-oriented software testing problems, focusing on the difficulties and challenges testers face. The book provides a general framework for class- and system-level testing and examines object-oriented design criteria and high testability metrics. It offers object-oriented testing techniques, ideas and methods for unit testing, and object-oriented program integration-testing strategy. Readers are shown how they can drastically reduce regression test costs, presented with steps for object-oriented testing, and introduced to object-oriented test tools and systems. In addition to software testing problems, the text covers various test methods developers can use during the design phase to generate programs with good testability. The book's intended audience includes object-oriented program testers, program developers, software project managers, and researchers working with object-oriented testing.

This introduction to Tcl/Tk bridges the gaps between introductions, comprehensive manuals, and collections of scripts that solve particular problems. There are over 200 exercises with solutions that run on both Unix and Windows platforms. Tcl/Tk for Programmers is an introduction to the high-level Tcl/Tk scripting language for experienced programmers with either Unix or Windows background. The book includes a short introduction to TCP/IP, as well as longer introductions to writing client-side scripts and GUI interfaces, and integrating scripts with C/C++. Tcl is a scripting language somewhat like Perl but extensible and clearer. Tk is an extension, developed by the creator of Tcl, used for creating scripts that interact with users through windows. After version 8.0/8.0, the unusually fast development of Tcl/Tk has slowed to a more normal pace. Tcl/Tk for Programmers covers this version while describing its major differences with the previous version 7.6/4.2 and the experimental alpha version 8.1/8.1 Zimmer has extensive knowledge of Tcl/Tk programming and currently runs a consulting and training company based on his experience.

Presents the parallel implementation aspects of all major artificial network models. The text details implementations on various processor architectures built on different hardware platforms, ranging from large parallel computers to MIMD machines using transputers and DSPs.

Parallel processing technology in the next generation of Database Management Systems (DBMSs) make it possible to meet challenging new requirements. Database technology is rapidly expanding new application areas brings unique challenges such as increased functionality and efficient handling of very large heterogeneous databases. Abdelguerfi and Wong present the latest techniques in parallel relational databases illustrating high-performance achievements in parallel database systems. The text is st5ructured according to the overall architecture of a parallel database system presenting various techniques that may be adopted to the design of parallel database software and hardware execution environments. These techniques can directly or indirectly lead to high-performance parallel database implementation. The book's main focus follows the authors' engineering model: A survey of parallel query optimization techniques for requests involving multi-way joins A new technique for a join operation that can be adopted in the local optimization stage A framework for recovery in parallel database systems using the ACTA formalism The architectural details of NCR's new Petabyte multimedia database system A description of the Super Database Computer (SDC-II) A case study for a shared-nothing parallel database server that analyzes and compares the effectiveness of five data placement techniques

Describes the scope, roles, uses, and development trends of the most widely used software engineering standards. The book concentrates on important software engineering activitiesâ??quality and project management, system engineering, dependability, and safety.

The book is organized in a manner in which the reader will get an intuitive feeling for the principles of AI. Throughout the book applications of basic principles are demonstrated by examining some classic AI programs in detail. The book can serve as a text for juniors, seniors and first year graduate students in Computer Science or Psychology and includes sample problems and data for exercises and a list of frequently asked questions.

Presents a survey of both distributed shared memory (DSM) efforts and commercial DSM systems. Distributed Shared Memory discusses relevant issues that make DSM concepts one of the most attractive approaches for building large-scale, high-performance multiprocessor systems. The book provides a general introduction to the DSM field as well as a broad survey of the basic DSM concepts, mechanisms, design issues, and systems. Distributed Shared Memory: Concepts and Systems concentrates on basic DSM algorithms, their enhancements, and their performance evaluation. In addition, it details implementations that employ DSM solutions at the software and hardware level. The authors deliver a research and development reference that provides state-of-the-art information that will be useful to architects, designers, and programmers of DSM systems.

Combines VHDL and synthesis in an easy-to-follow step-by-step sequence. This approach addresses common mistakes and hard-to-understand concepts in a way that eases learning. Digital Design and Modeling with VHDL and Synthesis introduces VHDL with closely related practical design examples, simulation waveforms, and schematics so you can better understand their correspondence and relationship. This book is the result of the K.C. Chang's extensive experience in both design and teaching. Many of the design techniques and design considerations, illustrated throughout the chapters, are examples of real designs.

Netizens is an ambitious look at the social aspects of computer networking. It examines the present and the turbulent future, and especially it explores the technical and social roots of the Net.--Thomas Truscott, co-developer of Usenet While working on my own history of the Net, I watched the Haubens' documentation of Net development evolve and grow as they posted it to the Net itself. Now, with a hardcopy version of their work out, the authors have given us a valuable shelf reference to complement their online work.--Katie Hafner, coauthor of Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet Inspired by the writings of Thomas Paine and Jean Jacques Rousseau, Michael and Ronda Hauben sketch an=out a provocative declaration of Netizen rights in their appendix to this engrossing, well-researched, and very useful book. The Haubens reserve the term Netizen for positive contributors to the Net, the good citizens whose heroic precursors from the 1960s are reicly chronicled in a flowing historical and sociological account that is not to be missed.--Martin Greenberger, Director of the Center for Digital Media, UCLA

This book explores software and risk management both from a technology and a business perspective. Dale Karolak approaches software development from a just-in-time viewpoint and presents strategies that you can use to implement and plan software projects in a cost-effective and timely manner. This book discusses vital issues and, in particular, their costs, schedules, technical performance, and risk-based approaches for software development. It is especially designed to assist those who manage software development projects. The book provides A significant discussion of software risk issues pertaining to technical performance, costs, and schedules Metrics and several models for measuring and predicting risk Information supported by actual proven case studies derived from the author's experience Many different concepts, strategies, and tools that can make the management of your next software development project less of a guess and more predictable

As computers become more complex, the number and complexity of the tasks facing the computer architect also increase. Computer performance often depends on the design parameters and intuition that must be supplemented by performance studies to enhance design productivity. Performance Modeling for Computer Architects introduces computer architects to computer system performance models and shows how they are relatively simple, inexpensive to implement, and sufficiently accurate for most purposes. The book discusses the development of performance models based on queuing theory and probability. The text also shows how performance models are used to provide quick approximate calculations to indicate basic performance trade-offs and to narrow the range of parameters considered when determining system configurations. Performance models can demonstrate how a memory system is to be configured, what the cache structure should be, and what effect incremental changes in cache size can have on the miss rate. A particularly deep knowledge of probability theory or any other mathematical field is not required to understand the papers in this volume.

This book presents 14 recent papers that provide an overview of the latest software reliability models, testing techniques, and applications. The book is targeted toward design engineers, software engineers, researchers, computer scientists, technical managers, and students wishing to conduct research or update their knowledge in the field of software reliability and testing. The papers on software reliability describe applications of software reliability growth modeling to software systems, investigate the relationship between program complexity measures and program errors, and explore the difficulty in accurately modeling software reliability. The remaining papers present new models that are useful in estimating the reliability of software systems and deal with the cost-reliability-optimal software release policies in software systems. The papers on software testing investigate the relationship between reliability and testing, discuss safety arguments and the role of software and system reliability and describe the use of an operational profile in testing a large-scale industrial software system for estimating software. The remaining papers present new models useful in testing software systems.

This book illustrates interesting ways in which new parallel hardware is being used to improve performance and increase functionality for a variety of information systems. The book, containing 13 original papers, surveys the latest trends in performance enhancing architectures for smart information systems. It will appeal to all those engaged in the design or use of high-performance architectures for non-numeric applications.The machines featured throughout this text are designed to support information systems ranging from relational databases to semantic networks and other artificial intelligence paradigms. In addition, many of the projects illustrated in the book contain generic architectural ideas that support higher-level requirements and are based on semantics-free hardware designs. Contents Introduction Database Machines Using Massively Parallel General Computing Platforms for DBMS Knowledge-Base Machines Artificial Intelligence Machines

Examines recent advances in design, modeling, and implementation of dataflow and multithreaded computers. The text contains reports concerning many of the world's leading projects engaged in the continuing evolution and application of dataflow concepts. It covers the broad range of dataflow principles in program representation -- from language design to processor architecture -- and compiler optimization techniques. The book includes papers on massively parallel distributed memory and multithreaded architecture design, synchronization and pipelined design, and superpipelined data-driven VLSI processors. Other sections discuss stream data types, the development of well-structured software, and parallelization of dataflow programs It also details and analytical model for the behavior of dataflow graphs, compare a centralized work distribution scheme with a distributed scheme, and present a comprehensive approach to understanding workload management schemes. Altogether, the text introduces the reader to dataflow concepts that show how functional programming ideas can be harnessed to exploit the power of parallel computing.

Introduces the basic concepts and characteristics of string pattern matching strategies and provides numerous references for further reading. The text describes and evaluates the BF, KMP, BM, and KR algorithms, discusses improvements for string pattern matching machines, and details a technique for detecting and removing the redundant operation of the AC machine. Also explored are typical problems in approximate string matching . In addition, the reader will find a description for applying string pattern matching algorithms to multidimensional matching problems, an investigation of numerous hardware-based solutions for pattern matching, and an examination of hardware approaches for full text search. The first chapter's survey paper describes the basic concepts of algorithm classifications. The five chapters that follow include 15 papers further illustrating these classifications: Single keyword matching Matching sets of keywords Approximate string matching Multidimensional matching Hardware matching

In distributed computing systems--the software for networks--a system may have a huge number of components resulting in a high level of complexity. That and issues such as fault-tolerance, security, system management, and exploitation of concurrency make the development of complex distributed systems a challenge. The Isis Toolkit has become one of the most successful approaches for building reliable distributed software since its release in 1987. Commercially available since 1990, Isis is used in hundreds of settings, including the New York Stock Exchange, the Electronic Stock Exchange of Switzerland, the data acquisition system of the CERN high-energy physics particle accelerator, VLSI fabrication control systems, the Iridium telecommunication system, database applications at the World Bank, and an Arctic weather environment monitoring system. Isis is also widely used for instructional purposes. This book comprises papers that document Isis and describe its important applications. Many of these are previously unpublished papers that give a broad overview of Isis, provide details of the underlying protocols and theory, and discuss the best ways to exploit Isis features in real applications. This volume will be of use to practitioners developing Isis-based applications, to instructors using Isis in classroom settings, and to researchers who want a single reference source for this important approach to distributed computing.

This book is concerned exclusively with discrete-time queues and their applications to the performance modeling of communication and computer networks. Since most modern networks operate on the basis of time slotting, and transmit information in fixed length (packets or cells), it thus becomes natural to model such networks in discrete-time by associating a time slot in a physical network with the unit time in the corresponding discrete-time model. The book shows how, in this way, very accurate models that faithfully reproduce the stochastic behaviour of a communication or computer network can be constructed. The treatment is self contained, and progresses from basic probability theory and discrete-time queueing networks. These latter are applied to model the performance of numerous wide area satellite networks and local area networks, ranging in complexity from simple Aloha schemes to the timed token protocol of the FDDI network. The main objective of this book is to present a unified method for modeling any network access protocol as a discrete-time queueing network and t develop efficient solution techniques for these models. A significant number of the models and their solutions which are included have not previously appeared in the open literature. The text should prove useful to practitioners and researchers concerned with communication and computer network performance modeling, or anyone wanting a sound understanding of the application of discrete-time technique to this subject area.

Helps you ensure that your simulations are appropriate representations of real-world systems. The book concentrates on the differentiation between the assessment of a simulation tool and the verification and validation of general software products. It is a systematic, procedural, practical guide that you can use to enhance the credibility of your simulation models. In addition, it is a valuable reference book and a road map for software developers and quality assurance experts, or as a text for simulation methodology and software engineering courses. This book details useful assessment procedures and phases, discusses ways to tailor the methodology for specific situations and objectives, and provides numerous assessment aids. The reader can use these aids to support ongoing assessments over the entire life cycle of the model.

Answers the commonly asked questions about how digital signal processing--based machines work and what role DSP plays in the process. It shows you how DSP performs in real--test situations and uses mathematical concepts rather than derivations.

This is the story of Microsoft(R) and how it rose to become the first monopoly of the information Age. The text is assembled from Ted Lewis's columns published in IEEE Computer (1994-1998), IEEE Internet Computing, and Scientific American. Microsoft Rising is a tale of great, emotion, and techno-marketing hype in one of the fastest growing, mainline industries of the world. It is an eye witness account to the changing computer industry and the story of Silicon Valley and how it works, a revisionist history of computing, circa 1990-2000. Microsoft Rising is ultimately about Microsoft's domination of the computer industry. This book reports the author's personal history through the early 1990's to the end of the decade. These stories often try to predict or explain the chaos of Silicon Valley. Lewis analyzes the industry and shows how high-technology industry is constantly changing in turmoil and upheaval. He also examines the art of software development and deals with innovation and the emergence of techno-society. The book does not promise any answers, but rather concludes this short journey into the recent past with a number of provoking ideas about the future of hi-tech.

The answers to why, what, where, when, and how to measure is in your hands. Applying Software Metrics features a useful collection of important and practical papers on software metrics and measurement. The book explores the importance of planning a successful measurement program and examines who should be involved in the process. Each chapter addresses these significant questions and provides the essential answers in building an effective measurement program. The book differs from others on the market by focusing on the application of the metrics rather than the metrics themselves. The chapters provide information based on actual experience with successful metrics programs. Each chapter includes a case study focusing on technology transfer and a set of recommended references. It is a guide on the use and application of software metrics in industrial environments. The book is specially designed for managers, product supervisors, and quality assurance personnel who want to know how to implement a metrics program.

Describes the current state-of-the-practice of software engineering. This book begins with an overview of current issues and in particular the engineering of large complex systems. It goes on to describe the problems that occur in developing software, and presents the concepts for system engineering of software intensive systems and of engineering software products as the solution to the "software crisis". The text illustrates the phases of the software development life cycle: requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Furthermore, it discusses the current practices in requirements and design, and defines software development methodologies, including a special emphasis on object-oriented tools and formal methods. The text also covers programming activities as they affect software engineering, details verification and validation throughout the software life cycle, and discusses software quality assurance, configuration management, and standards. In addition, the book covers project management and risk management concerns, and discusses the various life cycle process models including the spiral and incremental models.