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Astronomers are in a unique position to help people understand the danger of climate change and what we can do about it. This book is intended to help astronomers to be better educators and communicators about the causes and consequences of climate change, as well as better advocates for solutions.

This monograph introduces several recently developed and applied analytical-based theoretical approaches and practical techniques for uncertainty evaluation and probabilistic design optimisation for the robustness and reliability of technical systems of various complexity and applications. This is enhanced by the inclusion of relevant real-world case studies.The book will be useful for researchers, engineers, and designers of complex, multi-parameter technical systems that must guarantee a specified level of functional reliability. It presents several real-world case studies helping to comprehend in detail the developed techniques and their benefits. In addition, it offers free access to the online toolboxes developed by the authors to support the calculation of uncertainties and guides the readers on the practical use of such tools.Key Features: Cohesively combines three important research, development, and real-world engineering practice areas (i) uncertainty and its evaluation, propagation, modelling, etc., and, (ii) complex technical systems design optimisation involving advanced probabilistic theories, techniques, and tools, and (iii) development of such theoriesThis is arguably the first monograph systematically and comprehensively presenting the new area of moment-based uncertainty propagation and its practical applications.The book offers a significant volume of additional explanations, guidelines and tools enabling the readers to utilise the presented material in their research, design, and engineering practice.It provides free access to developed application-specific online tools and benchmark test distributions for expanded uncertainty.The practical application section of the monograph presents several real-world case study solutions.

Optical Cryptosystems introduces the subject of optical cryptography and provides up-to-date coverage of optical security schemes. Optical principles, approaches, and algorithms are discussed as well as applications, including image/data encryption-decryption, watermarking, image/data hiding, and authentication verification.

The biological evaluation of materials involves the characterisation of materials using biological methods. At present, new materials are typically characterised using physicochemical methods. Such approaches don't account for the interactions that materials have with living organisms in their environment. This reference text covers the emerging field of materiomics: the holistic study of material function and behaviour using both physicochemical and biological methods.The book presents a comprehensive strategy for the identification, characterisation and grouping of nanomaterials[BWI1] [BWI2] using biological methods. The focus is on methods from molecular biology, and complementary methods derived from quantum physics. The work discusses the interaction of materials with their environment, the field of materiomics, the biological recognition of materials, and the quantum basis of materials recognition by cells. The discussion of quantum mechanisms enables a deeper understanding of the interaction of biological objects with materials.The key audience for this book includes researchers involved in the characterisation of materials, particularly biomaterials researchers and those interested in the interaction of materials science and the life sciences. The book will also be a valuable reference for postgraduate students and practitioners working in the fields of materials characterisation and biomaterials.Key Features: Presents a comprehensive strategy for the identification, characterisation and grouping of nanomaterials using molecular biology, and complementary methods derived from quantum physicsProvides coverage of the emerging field of materiomicsFollows an interdisciplinary approach and does not require advanced understanding of mathematicsHighly useful to all researchers involved in characterising new materials, particularly biomaterials researchers and those interested in the interaction of materials science and the life sciences

This edition presents microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and their applications in Archaeological and cultural heritage research.

This book explores the neglected notion of creative thinking in physics in universities and describes how to embed opportunities for students to develop their creative competence in class.

In this book, the interactions between printing method, ink and substrate surface are discussed in order to achieve optimal results and durability.

This research and reference text explores the finer details of Deep Learning models. It provides a brief outline on popular models including convolution neural networks (CNN), deep belief networks (DBN), autoencoders, residual neural networks (Res Nets). The text discusses some of the Deep Learning-based applications in gene identification. Sections in the book explore the foundation and necessity of deep learning in radiology, the application of deep learning in the area of cardiovascular imaging and deep learning applications in the area of fatty liver disease characterization and COVID19, respectively.This reference text is highly relevant for medical professionals and researchers in the area of AI in medical imaging. Key Features: Discusses various diseases related to lung, heart, peripheral arterial imaging, as well as gene expression characterization and classificationExplores imaging applications, their complexities and the Deep Learning models employed to resolve them in detailProvides state-of-the-art contributions while addressing doubts in multimodal researchDetails the future of deep learning and big data in medical imaging

This book is a multidisciplinary introduction to quantum field theory. The topics covered in the second volume include advanced material, such as phase transitions, the renormalization group, fermions, gauge theories, the 1/N expansions, anomalies, soliton and instantons, and field theory at nonzero temperature and density.

Gas discharges and non-equilibrium low-temperature plasmas form the basis for most plasma technologies. This book introduces engineering and science students to the basic underlying physics and chemistry concepts that form the foundation of plasma science and engineering. It is an accessible primer directed primarily at those students who are unaware what a plasma or gas discharge is, nor have fundamental backgrounds in statistical thermodynamics, gas dynamics, fluid dynamics, or solid-state physics to effectively understand many plasma and gas discharge principles.The second edition covers additional topics such as gas breakdown leading to plasma initiation and the formation of sheaths, and discusses these within the context of a basic description of the most common plasma type, a dc glow discharge.This text is suitable for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, and young researchers in physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering with interest in plasma science and engineering.Key Features: Useful for students learning about the foundations of plasma science and engineering without any prior plasma experience or knowledge.Written in an accessible and easy to read style.Organized around fundamental concepts, rather than starting with plasma-specific concepts.Written by a leading expert in the field of plasma science.

A unifying framework, based on Information Entropy and its maximization, to connect the phenomenology of evolutionary biology, community ecology, financial economics, and statistical physics, plus a forecasting method for important practical problems in these disciplines,

Applications of ultrashort pulses at different pumping wavelengths in various field of science and technology needs simple stat- of-the-art setups for the generation of high quality short temporal duration pulses. This book provides information on the existing optical pulse compression techniques, drawbacks occurred in each technique through the respecting nonlinear phenomenon responsible for the pulse propagation.Generating high energy few-cycle pulses in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has become great interest for numerous applications. Hence, it requires pulse compression techniques to get few-cycle pulses at any desired wavelength with greater simplicity. There is no book currently available in market to understand compression techniques and their physical mechanism through optical fiber. This book provides information on various pulse compression techniques in the aspect of theoretical modelling as well as experiment which helps the reader to acquire a knowledge on the basic concepts of pulse compression.This book describes the existing nonlinear pulse compression techniques to achieve femtosecond/attosecond pulses. It includes the topics such as photonic crystal fiber, pulse propagation in the fiber, numerical tools for the analysis of pulse propagation and compression, applications of ultrashort pulses, ultrashort pulse generation techniques, merits and demerits of each compression scheme.The key audiences for this book include students, researchers, and scientists in photonics and nonlinear fiber optics.Key Features: Includes the nonlinear pulse compression techniques to achieve femtosecond/attosecond pulses.Explores topics such as photonic crystal fiber and pulse propagation in the fiber.Includes numerical tools for the analysis of pulse propagation and compression.Discusses applications of ultrashort pulse generation techniques.Provides useful end-of-chapter summaries.

Causality: Cause and effect. In classical physics, an effect cannot occur before its cause. In Einstein's theory of special relativity, causality means that an effect cannot occur from a cause that is not in the back (past) light cone of that event.

This text demonstrates how the science of energetic materials technology can and should link various technologies in the physical sciences to provide an integrated approach. It includes physics, chemistry, materials science, theory and modelling, and will help the discipline to adapt to future needs and research. The text provides a coherent and detailed study of what is now possible and indeed necessary for effective solutions for present and future needs in energetic materials and systems. Energetics technology is a fragmented research area and there is a strong need for a book that provides an interdisciplinary view and introduces the topics along with the connections between them. This book meets this need, encourages interdisciplinary research in the field and is an invaluable reference for researchers in the area of energetic materials.Key Features: Demonstrates how the science of energetic materials technology can and should link various technologies to provide an integrated approachPresents an interdisciplinary view and introduces the topics and the connections between themProvides a coherent and detailed study of what is possible and necessary for effective solutions for energetic materials and systems, including present and future needsIncludes the design and nature of energetic materials in both molecular and crystalline states, including formulation, processing, assessment, modelling, vulnerability, life assessment and management, environmental constraints, safety and disposal

Coherent control of matter waves using mechanical action of electromagnetic field displays quantum duality at work. Deflecting, focussing and trapping the matter wave or de Broglie wave using optical fields lead us to develop tools to manipulate the matter waves. The emerging field provides a playground to study the newer effects of quantum coherence and quantum interference. The expansion of this area in last three decades has enabled us to store atoms and cool them to temperatures as low as micro kelvin scale and beyond, leading to experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and of Fermi degeneracy in ultra-cold. With a focus on graduate students and young researchers, this book discusses the topics that lay the foundation stones of interaction of ultra-cold atoms with optical potentials.Key Features: It is developed keeping in view latest experimental advancementsIt puts light on newer theoretical advancementExplains the text though definitions, and useful diagramsProvides necessary examples and problems for the studentsIt is simple in language, slender, and not voluminous

This book introduces the basic concepts of electromechanical energy conversion through active learning. It is a valuable textbook for undergraduate students in energy conversion and offers a simplified reference for professionals.

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has ushered in a revolution in X-ray astronomy. Written by leading experts in the field to celebrate its 20th anniversary this book includes current reviews of the major discoveries and scientific results from Chandra to date. Topics range from solar-system objects to distant super-massive black holes and the structure of the universe.

This book describes components of the cryosphere: permafrost, snow, land and sea ice and their interactions with the ocean and atmosphere. It explains how numerical modelling of thermodynamic exchanges: conservation of mass, energy, and momentum as well as satellite measurements allow us to observe and understand changes in the cryosphere.