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This reference text presents a conceptual framework for understanding room-temperature electron and phonon transport through molecules and other quantum objects. The flow of electricity through molecules is explained at the boundary of physics and chemistry, providing an authoritative introduction to molecular electronics for physicists, and quantum transport for chemists.Professor Lambert provides a pedagogical account of the fundamental concepts needed to understand quantum transport and thermoelectricity in molecular-scale and nanoscale structures. The material provides researchers and advanced students with an understanding of how quantum transport relates to other areas of materials modelling, condensed matter and computational chemistry. After reading the book, the reader will be familiar with the basic concepts of molecular-orbital theory and scattering theory, which underpin current theories of quantum transport.Key FeaturesIntroduces molecular electronics for physicists, and quantum transport for chemists.Presents a conceptual framework for understanding room-temperature electron and phonon transport through molecules and other quantum objects.Provides a pedagogical account of quantum-interference-enhanced electrical and thermal properties of single molecules and self-assembled monolayers. Provides readers with an understanding of how quantum transport relates to other areas of materials modelling, condensed matter or computational chemistry. Discusses concepts needed to engineer the properties of molecules and create new functions. Includes MATLAB codes to allow the reader to expand the examples presented in the book.

Ever since the first observations of turbulent fluctuations in laboratory plasma experiments in the years around 1980, turbulence in magnetised plasmas has been a subject of vigorous interest in the field of plasma physics and magnetic confinement. This work fills a significant gap in the set of available references for research in the field, and serves as part of the wider literature helpful in related fields such as geophysical fluid dynamics or astrophysics, in which background rotation is mathematically similar to a background magnetic field in a plasma.The first of a two-volume set, this book begins with an overview of the essential nature of a plasma and a magnetised plasma, then turbulence and plasma turbulence are introduced conceptually and mathematically. There follows a theoretical interlude developing the concepts of fluid and plasma dynamics, emphasising the force balance and quasineutrality which shape its character. After this the three-dimensional situation takes over center stage. Concepts of energetic consistency and nonlinear instability and mode structure are emphasised. The effects of magnetic shear and curvature, and open and closed magnetic field line flux surfaces, and finally the interaction with both background and self-generated flows, are all covered in separate chapters. An interlude points to a second volume treating temperature gradients and fluctuations, gyrokinetic and gyrofluid theory, and the interplay with magnetohydrodynamic instabilities.Key FeaturesWritten by a world-leading expert in magnetised plasma turbulenceFills a long-standing gap in the plasma physics literatureFirst comprehensive books on two-fluid magnetised plasma turbulenceIncludes complete derivations of the fundamental concepts

This book is a self-contained undergraduate textbook in solid state physics, designed to accompany a one-semester second or third year course. The book is highly accessible and focuses on a selected set of topics (basically the physics of electrons and phonons), whilst also providing substantial, in-depth coverage of the subject.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of 3D/4D ultrasound imaging in radiotherapy. It identifies barriers to the clinical implementation of ultrasound-guided radiotherapy, and provides a critical discussion of potential solutions as well as highlighting exciting new opportunities for research in this field.

Simple Atomic and Molecular Systems is devoted to simple atomic and molecular systems. It bridges the gap between the textbook descriptions of the systems and the state-of-the-art research, revealing counterintuitive phenomena involving these systems, their fundamental importance and practical applications.

The applications of superconducting materials have the potential to change our world, but descriptions of superconductivity in literature tend to be complex for non-physicists. This text provides an accessible account of superconductivity and its applications for an interdisciplinary readership.This book covers the characteristics of superconducting materials, particularly those with commercial applications, including MRI, MEG, high-field magnets, magnetometers, gradiometers, SQUID sensors and Josephson junctions. The applications and concepts are discussed at a level suitable for those with a basic background in physics, without using complex mathematics.This is a valuable reference text for researchers and practitioners working with devices made from superconducting materials. The text also acts as useful supplementary reading for courses related to superconductivity and superconducting materials.Key FeaturesHighly practical and focuses on the applications of superconducting materialsWide, interdisciplinary audience including materials scientists, engineers, chemists, medics and biotechnologistsClear, and readable style

This book, written by leading researchers and medical doctors in the field, provides an overview of intensity modulation technology and its evolution over the last 35 years. Every aspect of IMRT is covered, from fundamental concepts to advanced processes and clinical applications, and comprehensive references are included.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of optical imaging. Targeted at optics and photonics students, it offers a thorough introduction to the field and equips the reader with hands-on training via multiple exercises and case studies.

An introduction to the statistical thermodynamics of phase transitions in crystallized solids, polymers and liquid crystals. Written as an introductory treatise with respect to the soliton concept, the book examines structural transitions where the crystal symmetry changes, magnets and superconductors, and describes the role of nonlinear excitations in detail.

A Course on Digital Image Processing with MATLAB(R) describes the principles and techniques of image processing using MATLAB(R). Every chapter is accompanied by a collection of exercises and programming assignments, the book is augmented with supplementary MATLAB code, and hints and solutions to problems are also provided.

This book is an informal introduction to plasma physics and its space applications for non-specialist professionals and aerospace engineering students.

Measurement of values is fundamental in science and technology. Measurement, Uncertainty and Lasers examines the importance of uncertainty, accuracy and precision of measurement, and explains how laser technology has helped improve measurement and redefine standards. This book discusses SI units, standards and the importance of using lasers for measurement in modern metrology, including the redefinition of SI units over time.

Commencing by defining a set of standards for benchmarking this book then proceeds to provide a review of the physics and workings of several optical and super optical biosensors, and introduces two more super optical biosensors. Mathcad is used to analyse these virtual biosensors and these codes and available to readers for use in their own research.

This book reviews the fundamentals, background and theoretical concepts of optimization principles in a comprehensive manner along with their potential applications and implementation strategies. The book will be useful for a wide spectrum of target readers such as research scholars, academics and industry professionals.

Nano drug-delivery systems responding to cellular local stimuli, such as pH, temperature and reductive agent's activation, i.e. enzymes, could effectively provide passive-mode desirable release but fail in disease treatment following the biological rhythms of brain tumor. This book is a compilation of research development lead by expert researchers and it establishes a single reference module. It addresses, for the first time, all translational aspects and clinical perspectives of physically stimulated breast-cancer nanotheranostics from a wide-ranging and multidisciplinary perception providing unrivalled and comprehensive knowledge in the field.

This volume focuses on thin-film transistors (TFTs) and their properties, as well as covering field effect transistors (FETs), including electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors such as EGOFETs and OECFETs.

This volume focuses on energy devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, energy harvesters, solar cells, and the applications of flexible electronics in displays and light-emission devices, CNT field emitters, sensors, memories, antennas and RFID tags.

Biophysical and Chemical Properties of Collagen: Biomedical Applications provides an introduction to the biophysics and chemistry of collagen and its use as a biomedical material in the rapidly changing fields of biomedical device production, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Written by experts in the field, this text will be of interest for researchers as well as lecturers and students.

This revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.

Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun provides a consolidated review of our current understanding of extreme solar events, or black swans, that leave our technological society vulnerable. Written by experts at the forefront of the growing field of solar storms, this book will be of interest to students and researchers, as well as those curious about the threat that our Sun poses to the modern world.

A must-read for researchers, graduate students and industry professionals who work in the VLC field, this book investigates the suitability of VLC for vehicular communications from a fundamental wireless communication standpoint. Mathematically accurate channel models are developed, and advanced signal processing approaches to overcome challenges such as sunlight interference, shadowing and fast changing channels are described. Results are verified through simulation with realistic parameters.

This comprehensive review provides a detailed insight into renewable energy options, their current state of development and how they can provide an environmentally sustainable energy future. This second edition is extensively revised and includes the latest advances in the field.

As one of the most prominent diseases in our society, cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires dedicated analysis and investigation to reduce the increasing mortality rate worldwide. Scholars, biomedical engineers and medical practitioners will greatly benefit from the detailed information in this book, which gives a better understanding of the causes, diagnosis and treatment of CVD.

Air-Puff Tonometers presents the latest achievements and research works in the area of intraocular pressure measurement by the air-puff method. This method is used, for example, by the Corvis(R) ST, owing to the ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug camera, which records corneal deformation being the response to an air puff. This book is recommended reading for those involved in the analysis and processing of images and wanting to expand their knowledge of contemporary diagnostic methods and image analysis.

Lasers in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy: Basics, applications and future prospects provides an overview on medical lasers and laser systems as well as laser applications in medical diagnosis and therapy. Since it was written by physicists, it focusses on the physics and underlying mechanisms of laser diagnosis and therapy.

Building on the earlier edition, this updated work now encapsulates the substantial developments that have been made in supersymmetric quantum mechanics in recent years. Aimed at graduate students and scientists, it provides a thorough review of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and now also includes problems and solutions.

This revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.

Ultrasound-mediated imaging in scattering media has deep roots in condensed matter physics. This book explores these roots and provides a comprehensive review of imaging with light and ultrasound, focusing mainly on recovery of mechanical contrasts. It is suitable reference material for graduate students and practitioners in the field.

Hubble Deep Field and the Distant Universe describes this watershed event in the history of astronomy. Aimed at an audience including amateur astronomers, science historians, researchers, HST aficionados and students interested in science, this book recounts the development of space astronomy, the progression of decisions and events that led to the distant universe exploration of Williams and the Hubble Deep Field team, and it describes the momentous image that has enabled astronomers to piece together the evolution of the largest structures in the universe.

Aimed at scientists and engineers who specialise in integrated electro-mechanical drives, as well as researchers and students, this fundamental guide to the practical applications of mechatronics is applicable to transportation systems, industrial production processes, aerospace, aviation and automotive industries.