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Laser Safety: Practical knowledge and solutions provides an in-depth guide to laser safety for a wide variety of people who work regularly with lasers and similar products. The authors provide useful techniques and methods to create a safe working environment for laser culture and answer a number of laser user concerns seldom addressed. This book will be relevant to students, researchers and laser physicists.

As fascinating and unexplainable as the universe appears to be, there are also an incredible amount of similarities between the universe and the everyday world and we are constantly evolving to discover more about these incredible parallels as this book unveils. For those with a fascination in the world around us, as well as undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and anyone who wishes to gain better physical insight of the discussed phenomena, this book offers a simplified approach to the beautiful world around us.

Statistical Mechanics: Lecture notes forms the basis for a one-semester course on thermodynamics and statistical mechanics with large attention given to fluctuations of various physical variables. To help develop the students toolkit, a brief introduction to physics kinetics is also included.

Quantum Mechanics: Lecture notes is intended to be the basis for a two-semester, graduate-level course. It includes chapters on quantum computation and cryptography, as well as quantum measurements and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.

Astrophysical Recipes: The art of AMUSE delves into the ways in which computational science and astrophysics are connected and how the bridge between observation and theory are understood. This book provides a unique outline of the basic principles of performing simulations for astrophysical phenomena, in order to better increase and understand these observations and theories.

Hypersonic Meteoroid Entry Physics gives an overview of meteoroid atmospheric entry. It includes meteoroid observation in the outer space, the recovery of meteors on the earth surface and meteorite chemical analysis. For astrophysicists and aerospace engineering communities, this book will deliver a comprehensive overview of meteoroid atmospheric entry.

This book addresses the characteristics of genomics, genome sequencing, comparative genomics and genomic evolution. It will be of interest to biochemists, biologists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, food technologists and all others involved in the research and development of the biological applications of proteins and enzymes.

This book describes Wigner functions and its applications in various fields of science where it has been found to be very useful in wide range of modern disciplines, including quantum information, coherent optics, and superconducting qubits.

A Modern Course in Quantum Field Theory provides a self-contained pedagogical and constructive presentation of quantum field theory. Written for advanced students, the work provides complete material for a two or three semester course and includes numerous problem exercises, some with detailed solutions.

This book focuses on the practical implementation of evidence-based strategies that are supported by research literature. Chapter topics include an overview of learner-centered theories and strategies for course design and implementation, the use of Lecture Tutorials, the use of technology and simulations to support learner-centered teaching, the use of research-based projects, citizen science, World Wide Telescope and planetariums in instruction, and many other useful tools and methods.

This book reflects the broad advances that have been made in the field of medical dosimetry and medical radiation protection, and it provides information about the practical use of new information in radiation dose management of pregnant patients, pregnant staff and paediatric patients in diagnostic and interventional radiology.

This volume covers the state-of-the-art topics that investigate two significant neurological disorders, autism apectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), from the theoretical perspective and also focuses on the practical aspects. The materials are presented in a way that can be beneficial to both advanced and layman readers.

This book presents singular optics in a gradual and systematic manner and bridges the gap between a seasoned researcher and a student who aims to pursue research in this topic. The book includes illustrations, examples and references that will enable the reader to conceive their own ideas as they discover more about singular optics.

Modeling and Analysis of Eclipsing Binary Stars provides a comprehensive review of the physical and observational aspects of eclipsing binaries, and the modeling code, PHOEBE (PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs), that is used by a large number of researchers in this field. Aimed at students, researchers and astronomers, this book is the foundation of knowledge for eclipsing binaries and their subsequent modeling.

Anthropomorphic Phantoms in Image Quality and Patient Dose Optimization: A EUTEMPE Network book is invaluable medical physicists and biomedical engineers, and it is unique in its form and content. The book focuses on the practical applications of anthropomorphic phantoms for both research and educational purposes, and includes tutorials and self-training examples.

In this book, leading editors and authors in the field review the fundamental properties and the current device technology. A one-stop handbook for researchers wanting to further utilise graphene nanoribbons and a valuable reference text for any interested materials and surface scientists, theoretical properties of graphene nanoribbons are introduced before concentrating on different fabrication methods and their properties out of different experimental characterizations.

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Written by experts in the field, this second volume includes illustrative figures and valuable references, and will be useful for researchers, students and practitioners in the industry.

Non-instantaneous impulsive differential equations are widely used in physics, biology, dynamics and ecology, and have a wide-ranging scope within the scientific industry. This book will help pave the way for a better fundamental understanding of the mathematical models and how they can be implemented.

Beginning with a systematic review of the standard exposition of string theory, this book proceeds to provide a comprehensive presentation of matrix models of string theory and their areas of applications, and includes an appendix on Monte Carlo algorithms and methods used for matrix models of string theory.

With the use of ferroelectric materials in memory devices and the need for high-speed integrated optics devices, interest in ferroelectric thin films continues to grow. With their remarkable properties, such as energy nonvolatility, fast switching, radiative stability and unique optoacoustic and optoelectronic properties, Lithium Niobate-Based Heterostructures: Synthesis, properties and electron phenomena discusses why lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is one of the most promising of all ferroelectric materials. Based on years of study, this book presents the systematic characterization of substructure and electronic properties of a heterosystem formed in the deposition process of lithium niobate films onto the surface of silicon wafers.

This book is different to other electronics texts available. First, it is short. Created for a one-semester course taken by physics students, both undergraduate and graduate it includes only the essentials and covers those topics only as deeply as needed in order to understand the material in the integrated laboratory exercises. Unlike many electronics texts for physics students, this one does not delve into the physics of devices. Instead, these are largely treated as black boxes having certain properties that are important to know for designing circuits. The physics comes when the students use their acquired electronics instrumentation knowledge to construct apparatus to make measurements. Since the detailed physics has been left out, this book should be equally useful for students in any of the physical or life sciences. This is the first textbook aimed at the non-electrical engineering student, that has both the generality on analog and digital electronics circuits, coupled to the very timely technology of embedded electronics. The book also features homework exercises, parts list and a suite of useful appendices.Key FeaturesCombined lectures and laboratory courseCovers analog and digital electronicsIncludes embedded systemsHomework problems with solutionsComplete inventory of required components

This non-technical book examines the everyday physics behind hearing and vision to help readers understand more about themselves and their physical environment. It begins with a thorough discussion of sound and light waves then goes on to discuss how our eyes and ears gather and process information from those waves.The ears and eyes are examined in their physical form in humans as well as in other members of the animal kingdom to show differences in how each receive information from the same waves and how hearing and vision may have evolved in humans. The book also discusses the perception of sound by examples such as sound intensity, decibels, and masking, while also covering the basis of music and resonance. Vision and the perception of light and colour are discussed at length including the psychology of colour perception and colour mixing.This second edition includes the latest developments in hearing and vision. New topics include hearing and vision aids, electron microscopy, the third eye (pineal body), vision and hearing gene therapies and new remote sensing techniques.Key FeaturesIntroduces the science behind vision and hearing, covering both the underlying biology and the technologies we increasingly use to augment and improve our sensesWritten in a straightforward and approachable style, making the content understandable and engaging for non-expertsIncludes extensive illustrations and diagrams

Throughout the past five decades, research and development in the world of nuclear fusion has been led by large publicly funded national laboratories. Currently, fusion energy technology development is being embraced by small, fast-moving start-up companies.This edited book provides an overview of the commercialisation of fusion energy technology, stressing the role to be played by small businesses and the ongoing importance of public sector efforts. All chapters were peer-reviewed by experts before publication to ensure the reliability of the scientific content. The editors are of the opinion that "there is a need for a good overview of a complex phenomenon that has the potential to transform fusion energy research after decades of leadership by governmental and inter-governmental efforts." The book addresses not only the science and technology of fusion commercialisation, but also the associated innovation management. The first section of the book provides an introduction to private fusion and explains that the marketed product will not necessarily be electricity. The policy context of a global need for decarbonisation is introduced and compared to the timescales of fusion commercialisation. The second section introduces some of the leading private sector initiatives in fusion from around the world. Then, the third section outlines the public sector's ongoing efforts toward commercialisation. And finally, the fourth section discusses the challenges and future opportunities of private fusion.Key FeaturesThis book tells a story about a technology in transitionProvides an overview of the commercialisation of fusion energy technology, stressing the emerging role being played by small businessesExplores not only the science and technology behind fusion commercialisation but also innovation managementSuitable for both academic and non-academic researchers and scholars

This book explores and explains the structural evolution of galaxies, how we measure it, how these measurements change with time, and how observing this reveals important information about galaxy formation and evolution. It also explains the future of the field, including through the use of machine learning tools.

Semiconducting metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are promising candidates for functional electronic devices and have attracted considerable attention due to their superior electrical performance, high transparency, excellent stability and uniformity.The book introduces the concepts and working mechanisms of semiconducting metal oxide TFTs, with a focus on metal oxide thin films that have desirable electrical and optical properties. The relationship between material properties and device performance is analysed, and materials and device challenges, as well as possible strategies, are included to promote the commercial translation of metal oxide TFT-based optoelectronic devices.Valuable as a reference text for researchers, and graduate students working in the fields of device physics, semiconducting materials and flexible electronics, the book is also essential reading for engineers working with semiconducting metal oxide TFTs in industry, particularly display and memory technologies.Key FeaturesFirst book to focus on the applications of semiconducting metal oxide TFTsCovers the latest technologies in the field, including displays, sensors, logic operations, data storage and neuromorphic computing for artificial intelligenceAnalyses the relationship between material properties and device performanceIncludes possible strategies to overcome materials and device challenges to promote the commercial translation of the technologyIncludes video demonstrations to help readers understand how the devices work

This book offers an overview of the state-of-the-art of visible light communication systems across emerging areas of increasing importance within the field. It is divided into two parts, with the first describing the latest developments in data communication using VLC technologies. It includes the fundamental mechanics of the semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used in academic and commercial systems, areas of high-speed circuit design including circuit diagrams and small-signal analysis. Exotic modulation formats and digital signal processing including machine learning architectures are then covered before the book looks at emerging areas within the VLC research community, including colour balancing and colour-based modulation. The second part of the book looks at applications that do not consider indoor data communication in general, such as localisation/positioning, sensing and the intelligent transport systems paradigm. Finally, the completely new area of oxygen sensing is also included with the aim of inspiring researchers to test news fields and apply ideas across domains.Visible Light is aimed at new researchers entering the VLC domain, particularly at the PhD stage, or those wishing to explore new areas within it, and readers should be comfortable with undergraduate-level mathematics and physics to make the most of the derivations and descriptions written throughout the book. It will provide researchers with a solid summary of the global progress in VLC systems that can be used to generate new ideas and advancements in the field.Key FeaturesA new approach to VLC literature: describing both communications and new applicationsEnables interdisciplinary new approaches to research and industry through the collection of ideas from separate disciplines that researchers and industrialists may not be aware ofDiscussion of technological enablers from semiconductor materials, through to devices, circuits, systems and applications: the first book on the subject to do soThe first book that brings healthcare sensing to the general VLC community, potentially adding significant value to the research community through ideas generation and awareness of literatureA reference text for researchers and industrialists to discover immediately any of the key advances in the field from any subdomain, enabling off-the-shelf knowledge generation

Diabetes Systems Biology provides senior undergraduate students and junior scientists, interested in diabetes systems biology, with a tool to learn more about the mathematical models and methods used to understand macroscopically and microscopically beta-cell behaviour in health and disease. The book introduces readers to the quantitative methods used to examine beta-cell dynamics, islet biology and architecture, as well as diabetes etiology and implications. The goal is to allow junior researchers in the fields of mathematical biology and biophysics to obtain a broad understanding of these quantitative methods, and guide them into taking the first steps into the field of diabetes systems biology. At the end of each chapter, several problem-solving exercises (that require both analytical and computational skills) are provided for the readers to help them become more proficient in this field.Key FeaturesComprehensive overview of all relevant aspects of diabetes systems biology and biological mathematical modellingCovers quantitative aspects of this discipline with embedded examplesFeatures contributions from world-class researchers in the fieldProvides extensive references for further readingIncludes problem solving exercises at the end of each chapter

Biopotential signals are often used by physicians to measure the activities of organs and tissues in the human body. This book describes the sources and characteristics of different biopotential signals and provides an understanding of how a range of signals can be modelled and analysed. The resulting information can be used to assist in the identification of disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, PTSD and heart disease, among others. An emphasis is placed on the real challenges in biopotential signal processing due to the complex and non-stationary nature of signals.Following on from volume one, this book starts with a collection of chapters covering some of the latest developments in electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis, then moves on to applications of electrocardiography (ECG) and otoscope signals. The volume concludes with a discussion of other monitoring techniques. The chapters include biomedical examples and discussions of how each method can be used to study human organs. It is a valuable guide for all researchers and practitioners who are engaged in studies and research in the area of biomedical signals and their applications.Key FeaturesModelling and acquisition of biomedical signals for different disordersImplementation of methodologies and their impact on different casesCase studies and research directions Design and simulation examples

Planets come in many different sizes, and with many different compositions, orbiting our Sun and countless other stars. Understanding their properties and interactions requires an understanding of a diverse set of sub-fields, including orbital and atmospheric dynamics, geology, geophysics, and chemistry. This textbook provides a physics-based tour of introductory planetary science concepts for undergraduate students majoring in astronomy, planetary science, or related fields. It shows how principles and equations learned in introductory physics classes can be applied to study many aspects of planets, including dynamics, surfaces, interiors, and atmospheres. It also includes chapters on the discovery and characterization of extrasolar planets, and the physics of planet formation.Key Features Covers a wide range of planetary science topics at an introductory levelCoherently links the fields of solar system science, exoplanetary science, and planet formationEach chapter includes homework questionsIncludes python templates for reproducing and customizing the figures in the book

This book is a practical guide for astronomy instructors who want to develop their first online course as well as those who want to add new tools to their existing courses. It explores online course design, integrating new and social media into online learning experiences, adaptive learning systems, massive open online classes (MOOCs), and the use of virtual worlds and virtual reality to teach astronomy.