Bøker utgitt av IntechOpen

Acute bronchitis in childhood is one of the most common respiratory diseases. The disease affects all childhood age periods, being more severe in younger and premature children. It can be a reason for the development of respiratory failure and chronic lung pathology. Despite advances in microbiological and virological diagnostics and therapy, the disease continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.The book describes the main etiological factors of acute and chronic bronchitis in childhood, the differences in the clinical symptoms and age characteristics in children. An important place is devoted to new therapeutic practices and preventive solutions.

Nitrification and denitrification are essential processes for the aquatic ecological system and vital for human health. While ammonia is applied for disinfection together with chlorine to produce chloramine, excessive ammonia may cause nitrification and bacteria growth in the water transmission pipeline. Since excessive discharge may cause eutrophication and deterioration of the aquatic system, nitrate is regulated for wastewater discharge in sensitive areas. Further, nitrate needs to be monitored and controlled in drinking water treatment to protect against methemoglobinemia in bottle-fed infants. Various conventional technologies exist, such as adsorption, ion exchange, photocatalytic oxidation, air stripping, biological nitrification and denitrification, and so on, to remove nitrogenous compounds from water. Since ammonia and nitrate are important constituents in fertilizers besides phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), nutrient recovery is drawing attention to maintaining the supply of reliable and sustainable fertilizers. This book provides a comprehensive overview of nitrification and denitrification.

Dive into the intricate realm of osteoporosis through the lens of biomechanics with Biomechanical Insights into Osteoporosis. This pioneering volume offers a comprehensive exploration of this debilitating condition, providing an in-depth understanding of its biomechanical foundations and implications. Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and heightened susceptibility to fractures, stands as a global health challenge. This book brings together leading experts in the field, who rigorously analyze the multifaceted aspects of osteoporosis, offering invaluable knowledge for researchers, clinicians, and students alike.Key Highlights:¿Biomechanical Foundations: Gain profound insights into the biomechanical basis of bone fractures and fracture osteosynthesis in small animals. Explore the fundamental principles that shape our understanding of osteoporotic biomechanics. ¿Non-Glucocorticoid Drug-Induced Osteoporosis: Investigate the mechanisms, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis induced by medications other than glucocorticoids. ¿Vascular Remodeling and Bone Destruction: Discover the common pathogenetic links between vascular remodeling and bone tissue destruction in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension. This holistic perspective illuminates bone health dynamics. ¿Genetic Targets and Future Directions: Explore promising genetic targets that have the potential to revolutionize osteoporosis treatment. Get a glimpse into the future of research and treatment strategies. ¿Biomarkers and Metabolism: Delve into the latest research progress surrounding bone mineral density and bone metabolism biomarkers, offering valuable insights into diagnostics and monitoring. ¿Impact of Diseases and Medical Treatments: Understand the intricate interplay between diseases and medical treatments on bone mineral density. Gain a comprehensive understanding of how various factors influence skeletal health.This book represents a significant milestone in deciphering the complexities of osteoporosis from a biomechanical perspective. Join us in this scientific journey to explore the fascinating facets of osteoporosis. Biomechanical Insights into Osteoporosis is an essential resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of this critical health issue and the biomechanical aspects that underlie it.

Nursing - Trends and Developments brings together different, innovative, and challenging perspectives on the future of nursing. It includes eleven chapters that discuss innovation and technology, teaching and learning, and trends and development in nursing.

Dyslexia is biological in origin, but environmental factors also play a role. It affects people differently, but typical difficulties include reading, writing, and spelling, limited working memory capacity, and difficulties with organization, sequencing, and concentration. Early identification is crucial so that learners can receive the support that they need. This book explores contemporary perspectives on dyslexia. It starts by outlining approaches to support dyslexic students drawn from the application of cognitive science. It moves on to consider treatments, the role of technology, and approaches for working with teaching assistants.

This book summarizes the design of drought-tolerant crops through CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, focusing on reprogramming gene expression patterns that regulate the balance of plant hormones. The organic farming system is presented to highlight the potential role of alleviating changing climate-related abiotic stress. The current knowledge of artificial photosynthesis systems and cellular processes related to photosynthetic biochemistry was illustrated. Additionally, it explores intriguing subtopics of plant physiology, including an alternative natural rubber source and plant reproductive strategies, contributing to advancements in agricultural biotechnology. Recommended for students, teachers, and researchers interested in applied plant physiology, plant biochemistry, and crop breeding.

Clean and efficient transportation in countries around the world is only possible if governments and scientists focus on stimulating and supporting the electric vehicle industry by developing and deploying the most advanced Li-ion battery technologies. Recently, several improvements have been made in the direction of operational safety, the elimination of explosion hazards, and the mitigation of chemical toxicity. The state of charge of an electric vehicle battery is an essential internal parameter that plays a vital role in utilizing the battery¿s energy efficiency, operating safely in various realistic conditions and environments, and extending the battery¿s life. Also, automated systems are integrated into the architecture of electrical vehicles, allowing for technology, machinery, or systems to perform tasks or processes with minimal human intervention. Automation in electric vehicles involves the integration of advanced technologies to enhance the driving experience, improve safety, optimize energy efficiency, and facilitate the transition to sustainable transportation. The key aspects of automation in electric vehicles are advanced driver assistance, self-driving capabilities, battery and energy management, and safety and collision avoidance. This book provides a comprehensive overview of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, exploring their design, the modeling of Li-ion battery management systems, state-of-charge estimation algorithms, and the most used electric motors. It also discusses new trends in electric vehicle automation as well as different control strategies.

Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of Human and Animal Viral Infections provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent discoveries in the field of antiviral research. It covers topics like viral replication, immunological reactions, medication discovery, vaccine development, and clinical applications. It also provides a summary of the difficulties and possibilities in battling viral infections that affect both humans and animals. Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of Human and Animal Viral Infections is a useful resource for researchers, doctors, veterinarians, and students who are interested in the prevention and treatment of viral infections

Dive into a compelling exploration of contemporary business and management paradigms with the Annual Volume 2023. This edition offers a mosaic of perspectives on organizational commitment, innovation¿s role in competitive advantage, fiscal sustainability in dynamic economies, and the strategic implications of taxation and digital transformation. Delve into nuanced analyses covering diverse sectors, from agribusiness to rail technology, illuminating the intricate relationships between learning, innovation, and strategic agility. Uncover the evolving landscapes of energy, taxation, and economic policies, steering discussions on workforce management, rural tourism, and game theory¿s application to business strategy. Engaging and thought-provoking, this volume presents diverse lenses into the dynamic intersections of business, economics, and strategic management.

Animal Science Annual Volume 2023 explores primary research and review papers covering a broad spectrum of topics such as ecology, physiology, anatomy, health, and animal welfare. This volume features five chapters, each providing new insights into relevant areas of study within Animal Science. Topics covered include the ecology of ungulates in the Himalayas, the anatomy of the goat alimentary system, protein misfolding diseases in animals, the study of fossilized horse trackways, and the role of dopamine receptors in olfaction learning success in bees. Animal Science Annual Volume 2023 will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and educators worldwide.

Despite the development of numerous antimicrobial agents, the successful eradication of bacterial infections remains a challenge, and bacteria continue to pose a major public health threat. It is estimated that, due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases will become a leading cause of death by 2050. The current annual focus is on the challenges and advantages in the prevention and diagnosis of infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens. The book also includes a dedicated chapter on the diagnosis of tuberculosis, one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. Additionally, readers will find chapters describing achievements in the diagnosis and detection of common gastrointestinal tract pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni, authored by experts in their fields.

Human history is filled with inventions and other innovations that resulted in a significant and lasting change in our civilization¿s course of development. From gasoline-powered vehicles to transistor-based electronics or jet airplanes, things we now take for granted often appeared suddenly and unexpectedly. Yet after their introduction, our world changed forever. Over the past two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have been stealthily increasing their presence in our everyday lives. This ¿randomly systematic¿ adoption process is exposing humanity to something we never previously directly faced: an intelligence that may (and likely will) exceed our own. Despite this, most people are not fully aware of current (and future) benefits, limitations, and threats related to AI/ML. Within health care, there is little awareness of what AI/ML is capable of and how these new capabilities are being implemented or utilized. It is this current state that serves as our ¿starting point¿ in the emerging debate on AI/ML in medicine and surgery, including its integration, projected influence, and many other considerations that are not that different from other past technology adoption paradigms. This book discusses both current trends and future developments in AI and ML across health care.

Educational research and innovation are directed towards defining, implementing, and evaluating the principles guiding teaching and educational practices, with the fundamental purpose of improvement. The chapters comprising this monographic volume constitute valuable contributions to this objective, adopting an inter and transdisciplinary perspective, a particularly sought-after aspect in the field of international educational studies. They address issues that, transcending their curricular context, delve into broader frameworks and contribute to addressing current educational challenges. Ultimately, this volume focuses on new curricular, methodological, and resource evaluation orientations and developments. It aims to provide responses that foster the development of critical and creative thinking skills, competency-based learning, informed decision-making, and the promotion of quality teacher training. These perspectives draw from the most recent international scientific literature, solidifying their rigor and ensuring their scientific value.

Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication technology has become a critical enabler for high-speed wireless communication systems. This edited volume, MIMO Communications ¿ Fundamental Theory, Propagation Channels, and Antenna Systems, is a comprehensive resource for researchers, graduate students, and practicing engineers in wireless communication. The volume is divided into four parts that cover the foundations of wireless communications, antenna techniques, channel modeling, autonomous driving and radars. Experts in the field have authored chapters covering various topics, including capacity analysis of MIMO channels, antenna array design and beamforming techniques, channel modeling and estimation, and the applications of autonomous driving and radars. This book provides a detailed and accessible introduction to the latest research and practical applications in MIMO communication technology. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in learning about MIMO communication technology or looking to deepen their understanding of existing systems.

Nanofabrication is the process of assembling structures at the nanoscale with unique properties. This book describes proficient, low-cost, and robust nanofabrication techniques to produce nanostructures. It presents information on nanofabrication technology principles, methodologies, equipment, and processes, as well as discusses the fabrication of new structures for new applications. The nanofabrication techniques reviewed are applicable to different engineering processes, nano-electromechanical systems, biosensors, nanomaterials, photonic crystals, devices, and new structures. This book is a useful resource for students and professionals, including engineers, scientists, researchers, technicians, and technology managers.

This book provides an in-depth examination of digital twin technology to take you on an enthralling trip across the intersection of the virtual and real worlds. It explores the transformational impact of digital twins, from their roots in engineering to their widespread applications in manufacturing, health care, and other areas. Real-world case studies highlight the practical benefits, while potential hazards are addressed wisely. This book is your guide to comprehending the present and visualizing a future where digital twins transform innovation, efficiency, and connectedness in our increasingly complicated world. Begin this illuminating trip and embrace the possibilities that exist at the intersection of the physical and digital worlds.

The book provides comprehensive information on the importance of conserving endangered animal and plant species. There are many species categorized as very likely to become extinct in their own native ranges in the near future. In fact, thousands of species are lost every year, and their numbers continue to increase annually at an alarming rate. The book is organized into two sections on animal species and plant species. The first section discusses endangered animal species such as Chinese pangolins, Pompa cats Galapagos pinnipeds (sea lions and fur seals), and more. The second section discusses endangered plant species such as dragon blood trees and plants native to Hawaii. The book emphasizes species conservation and proposes various strategies adopted and recommended by experts.

Maintaining an ideal weight throughout life is the most beneficial thing someone can do for their body. A healthy body and ideal weight can be achieved with proper nutrition and lifestyle, starting from childhood and even infancy. Therefore, it is important for those raising children to be conscious of this issue and to be good role models and guides for their children by exhibiting the healthiest lifestyle habits. We know that it is almost impossible to remove excess fat tissue acquired during childhood from the body at later ages. Body fat accumulation is usually evaluated by body mass index (BMI), which is calculated using weight and height proportions. BMI is an effective and useful tool for both people and healthcare professionals to track body fat percentage. However, when monitoring body fat with BMI special adjustments need to be made in children, the elderly, different genders, and individuals with high muscle mass. This book provides a comprehensive overview of BMI as a screening measure.

All over the world, hysterectomy is the most commonly performed major gynecological procedure after cesarean section. With such a high prevalence, it is necessary to study as many aspects of this surgical intervention as possible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of hysterectomy.

Insecticides - Advances in Insect Control and Sustainable Pest Management offers an in-depth exploration of insect control, showcasing the latest scientific advancements, practical applications, and sustainable solutions. Insects play a crucial role in our ecosystem, but their presence can also present significant challenges to agriculture, public health, and the environment. This book serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the cutting-edge approaches to insect control, providing valuable insights into the development and implementation of innovative insecticides. Authored by a team of renowned experts, the book delves into the fascinating world of insect biology, examining the intricate mechanisms that drive their behavior and evolution. With a strong focus on sustainable pest management, the book emphasizes environmentally friendly methods that minimize the impact on non-target organisms and reduce chemical residues in the environment. Within the pages of this book, readers will discover a wealth of information on emerging insecticide technologies, including novel chemical compounds, biological agents, and genetic engineering approaches. The effectiveness, safety profiles, and modes of action of these advancements are thoroughly analyzed, equipping professionals and researchers with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions and develop integrated pest management strategies. Whether you are a scientist, student, or practitioner in the fields of entomology, agriculture, or public health, Insecticides - Advances in Insect Control and Sustainable Pest Management is an essential resource that provides a comprehensive understanding of insect control. It addresses critical issues such as insect resistance, regulatory frameworks, and the social and economic implications of insecticide use, paving the way for sustainable pest management practices. Embark on a journey through the intricate world of insects and explore the innovative solutions designed to control them. With up-to-date research, practical applications, and a focus on sustainability, this book is an invaluable companion for navigating the complex realm of insect control in the 21st century.

Recent Advances in Mineralogy includes nine chapters that discuss the mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry of granitic rocks, mechanical properties of some granitic rocks, production of synthetic quartz, dislocation originated by X-ray irradiation in KBr crystals and mineralogy and geochemistry of bituminous rocks from North Africa. It contains detailed mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical studies from Europe, Southeast Asia, and Northern Africa.

Robotics is an important part of modern engineering involving electricity and electronics, computers, mathematics, and mechanism design. In recent years, in addition to serial robots, multi-robot systems have begun to attract the attention of students, academics, and industry workers. This interest has directly impacted the development of novel theoretical research areas and products. This book explores new developments in multi-robot systems, such as trajectory planning, control algorithms, and programming.

The chapters in this book present excellent comprehensive and interdisciplinary research into materials with emerging physical science and corresponding applications. With a focus on Ruthenium-based devices, the authors discuss a wide range of topics, including material and physic modeling, materials physics and analytics, devices in miniature scale, advanced functional circuits, high-speed computing systems and integration for logic applications, and other novel emerging device concepts and circuit schemes, and much more.

Global population growth, exposure to climate-driven risks, continuous ongoing economic crises, persistent levels of poverty, migration phenomena, exponential increase in the use of digital technology and consequent digital divide, and the urgent demand for more equal spaces are amongst the major drivers of change within the housing sector. This book seeks to envision some of the future housing scenarios, outlining a series of possible transformations that will affect the global housing models in the coming years. The essays in the book are not intended to provide predictions on housing, but rather to try to grasp how social attitudes, economic values, and technologies employed are changing. The issues addressed range from exploring the potential of green and digital strategies both in regenerating existing building heritage and in new construction within developing countries to addressing the humanitarian challenges of climate change and mitigating social inequality.

This book, Global Peace and Security, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the social sciences. It is written by various researchers and edited by an expert active in global peace and security research. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. The book provides a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on global peace and security, opening new possible research paths for further novel developments

By focusing on ¿new materiality,¿ this edited volume offers new optics on the affordance of women¿s physical and objective body. The interdisciplinary essays assembled in the book interrogate the concepts of corporeality and embodiment by interpreting them as material enactivism of a woman¿s physical body geared toward performance and demonstration, respectively. The book situates body/bodily movements as agentic initiatives to make sense of women¿s bodies (in) motion. Although flesh in its constitution, a woman¿s body is the very material entity that does not only perform what it is expected to do (for its many audiences as in spectacle) but also its corporeality imputes a demonstrative kinetics hitherto associated with the objective body in recent social theorizing.

Fuzzy logic systems have been a hot topic in the scientific and academic community for more than half a century. The idea of making machines behave and make decisions like humans do is astounding. The development and implementation of fuzzy logic systems can be seen in various real physical applications in daily human life. The methods employed using fuzzy logic have resulted in innovative technologies. This book provides insights into understanding the principles and concepts behind the advances of fuzzy logic systems. It presents ideas concerning fuzzy logic systems and their technological applications. The book is arranged into two sections on theories and foundations of fuzzy logic systems and implementations of fuzzy logic systems in service to the community.

Reservoir characterization is the model that characterizes reservoirs based on their ability to store and produce hydrocarbons. Reservoir modeling is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of a given reservoir based on its petrophysical, geological, and geophysical properties. Reservoir engineering is the formulation of development and production plans that will result in maximum recovery for a given set of economic, environmental, and technical constraints. It is not a one-time activity but needs continual updating throughout the production life of a reservoir. Reservoir management is often defined as the allocation of resources to optimize hydrocarbon recovery from a reservoir while minimizing capital investments and operating expenses. The oil and gas industry is divided into upstream and downstream sectors. In general, the upstream sector involves activities carried out at a reservoir, while the downstream sector involves all petroleum processing activities carried out in a refinery. Petroleum processing engineering involves all downstream crude oil processing operations, from crude oil as the feedstock to final products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, gas oil, and lubricating oil. Petroleum processing technology continues to develop in consideration of all types of sustainability-related challenges. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the oil and gas industry, presenting the most recent research in the field.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The bladder microbiota is strongly associated with different statuses of bladder cancer. The increased abundance of microbes such as Schistosoma, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Bacteroidetes, and Klebsiella is associated with the development of bladder cancer during tumorigenesis. Improved understanding of age-related alterations to the immune system and gut and urinary microbiomes could provide possible insights into bladder cancer development and progression in the elderly. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content has been shown to be associated with cancer susceptibility. Patients diagnosed with bladder cancer have significantly decreased mtDNA. Cancer prevention strategies are theoretically appealing although often difficult to implement, owing to the multifactorial pathogenesis of most cancers. This book focuses on the diagnosis and prevention of bladder cancer.

Despite being described about 200 years ago, the pathophysiology of Parkinson¿s disease (PD) is not well understood due to its complex etiology and heterogeneity of symptoms and progression. Animal models provide a great opportunity to follow the progression of neurodegeneration and to screen potent therapeutic molecules, knowledge of which can be critical for different levels of clinical trials. Contemporary health technologies are coming in handy to accelerate the pace of developing novel and refined therapeutic strategies for PD. This book, Parkinson¿s Disease - Animal Models, Current Therapies and Clinical Trials, provides a comprehensive overview of PD, presenting information on animal models of PD and contemporary therapeutic strategies, health technologies, clinical trials, and their influence on the quality of life of patients with PD.