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In most developed countries there is a palpable sense of confusion about the contemporary state of the world. Much that was taken for granted a decade or two ago is being questioned, and there is a widespread urge to try and understand how we reached our present situation, and where we are heading. In this major new book, the leading sociologist, historical anthropologist and demographer Emmanuel Todd sheds fresh light on our current predicament by reconstructing the historical dynamics of human societies from the Stone Age to the present. Eschewing the tendency to attribute special causal significance to the economy, Todd develops an anthropological account of history, focusing on the long-term dynamics of family systems and their links to religion and ideology what he sees as the slow-moving, unconscious level of society, in contrast to the conscious level of the economy and politics. He also analyses the dramatic changes brought about by the spread of education. This enables him to explain the different historical trajectories of the advanced nations and the growing divergence between them, a divergence that can be observed in such phenomena as the rise of the Anglosphere in the modern period, the paradox of a Homo americanus who is both innovative and archaic, the startling electoral success of Donald Trump, the lack of realism in the will to power shown by Germany and China, the emergence of stable authoritarian democracy in Russia, the new introversion of Japan and the recent turbulent developments in Europe, including Brexit. This magisterial account of human history brings into sharp focus the massive transformations taking place in the world today and shows that these transformations have less to do with the supposedly homogenizing effects of globalization and the various reactions to it than with an ethnic diversity that is deeply rooted in the long history of human evolution.

Provides up-to-date coverage of essential concepts and the latest research trends in epistemology A Companion to Epistemology, Third Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the philosophical study of knowledge and justified belief. This extensively revised edition strengthens the treatment of longstanding and contemporary debates, integrating interdisciplinary discussions that link epistemology with cognitive science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of normativity, and social and political philosophy. More than 50 entirely new survey chapters address recent developments in epistemology, such as the ethics of belief and the epistemology of inquiry, while an extended "Epistemology A-Z" with over 100 new entries provides both in-depth analysis and concise definitions of key concepts, arguments, and historical figures. This classic volume is a vital resource for advancing understanding of epistemological concepts and their real-world applications. Throughout the text, logically structured entries and cross-referenced topics allow for quick and efficient lookup of all information. An indispensable reference for those engaging with one of philosophy's most vital fields, Companion to Epistemology: Improves the range of coverage of underrepresented philosophers and traditions, including non-Western approaches, women philosophers, and emerging voices in the field Captures the evolving state of epistemology while supplying conceptual tools to engage with its complex landscape Delivers in-depth coverage of applied epistemology, relevant for practical and theoretical applications Provides critical analysis of new and underexplored areas, such as the epistemology of attention Supports interdisciplinary research with entries connecting epistemology to ethics, cognitive science, and metaphysics Edited by a team of leading scholars, Companion to Epistemology, Third Edition is a must-have for undergraduate and graduate students in epistemology, philosophy, ethics, or cognitive science programs, as well as educators and scholars in need of a wide-ranging reference for use in advanced research or teaching.

GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND ELDERLY CARE Lecture Notes Ninth Edition An essential resource for meeting the needs of an ageing patient population As the global population ages, geriatric medicine is steadily becoming one of the most important areas of medical research and care. Healthcare systems in developed countries are adapting to this shift in the population, and doctors are finding that a larger and larger proportion of their patients are older. Current medical training often does not include adequate coverage of geriatric medicine, and students may well find they require more extensive resources for meeting older patients' needs. Lecture Notes: Geriatric Medicine and Elderly Care meets this need with a set of comprehensive but straightforward introductions to the foundational concepts of geriatric medicine. Combining a user-friendly format with extensive high-quality figures and illustrations, it is a must-have resource for medical students looking to deepen their knowledge of a widening area of essential care. Now thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest research and medical knowledge of ageing and elder care, this is an essential contribution to the popular Lecture Notes series. Readers of the ninth edition of Lecture Notes: Geriatric Medicine and Elderly Care will also find: New chapters on the 'science of ageing' including immunosenescence and rejuvenation research, and geriatric oncologyFull coverage of the British Geriatrics Society and European undergraduate curriculumsA companion website with appendices, key revision points for each chapter and further readings Lecture Notes: Geriatric Medicine and Elderly Care is ideal for medical students and Foundation Year doctors in most specialties who are treating frail older people. It also provides a starting point for revision for higher specialty examinations in geriatric medicine. Anki Revision Cards A set of 'Anki App' digital revision cards is available to go with this textbook. The cards contain the material from the self-test questions in the book. Anki App is a cross-platform mobile and desktop flashcard app that can support your studies (see www.ankiapp.com). It uses an algorithm to present cards you know less well more frequently. You can keep the cards on your mobile device and study them in your downtime. Visit www.lecturenoteseries/paediatrics to download the card set to your device.

The Handbook of Asian Englishes provides wide-ranging coverage of the historical and cultural context, contemporary dynamics, and linguistic features of English in use throughout the Asian region. This first-of-its-kind volume offers a wide-ranging exploration of the English language throughout nations in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Contributions by a team of internationally recognized linguists and scholars of Asian Englishes and Asian languages survey existing works and review new and emerging areas of research in the field. Edited by renowned scholars in the field and structured in four parts, this Handbook explores the status and functions of English in the educational institutions, legal systems, media, popular cultures, and religions of diverse Asian societies. In addition to examining nation-specific topics, this comprehensive volume presents articles exploring pan-Asian issues such as English in Asian schools and universities, English and language policies in the Asian region, and the statistics of English across Asia. Up-to-date research addresses the impact of English as an Asian lingua franca, globalization and Asian Englishes, the dynamics of multilingualism, and more. Serving as an important contribution to fields such as contact linguistics, World Englishes, sociolinguistics, and Asian language studies, The Handbook of Asian Englishes is an invaluable reference resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and instructors across these areas.

"The first volume of the Handbook of Historical Linguistics is the best-worn handbook among many in my office and even though it's almost 20 years old, I still consult it often. Still, historical linguistics is a very different field today than it was in 2003 and this new volume fully reflects and engages with the state of the art. It's a completely new book, a worthy successor, and I look forward to wearing out this second volume." Joseph Salmons, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA "This is an important resource for right now and far into the future. In its breadth and depth it has everything we could ask for and more, a comprehensive survey in 24 chapters written by the world's foremost scholars. It unites time-honored fundamentals of historical linguistics and progressive lines of ongoing research." Lyle Campbell, University of Hawai'i at M¿noa, USA This brand-new, second volume of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics is a complement to the well-established first volume, initially published in 2003. It includes extended content allowing uniquely comprehensive coverage of the study of language(s) over time. Though it adds fresh perspectives on several topics previously treated in the first volume, this Handbook focuses on extensions of diachronic linguistics beyond those key issues. This Handbook provides readers with studies of language change whose perspectives range from comparisons of large open vs. small closed corpora, via creolistics and linguistic contact in general, to obsolescence and endangerment of languages. Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, the chapters of this Handbook cover new topics such as the origin of language, the evidence from language for reconstructing human prehistory, the relevance of the study of present-day language for studying language in the past, and the benefits of linguistic fieldwork for historical investigation. Unique to this volume is a chapter that discusses in detail a large number of highly specific predictions as to the future of a widely spoken language-variety, thereby focusing long-term attention on thirty changes in the lexicon, phonology, morphology, and morphosyntax of North American English. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II, is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, researchers, and professional linguists, as well as all those interested in the history of particular languages and the history of language more generally.

Discusses interrelations or confluences among communication flows as the Four Flows Model of organizational communication The Four Flows Model illustrates how communication makes an organization what it is, presenting in-depth information on the Communicative Constitution of Organizations (CCO). Written by a team of renowned experts in the field, this comprehensive resource is designed for all those involved in the study of organizations, particularly advanced students and researchers in Business, Sociology, Communication Studies, and the subdiscipline of Organizational Communication. Organized into twelve substantial chapters, the text clearly and thoroughly explains all key aspects of Four Flows Theory (4F) and provides a theoretical grounding in its parent, Structuration Theory (ST). The book draws upon original research and evidence to demonstrate that organizations are not constituted in merely one way, but rather by four analytically different yet interconnected characteristic flows: Membership Negotiation, Self-Structuring, Activity Coordination, and Institutional Positioning. Throughout the book, the authors describe their theoretical developments through discussion of other key schools of CCO thinking, as well as important issues such as critical perspectives on organizing. Articulating the significance of the Four Flows Theory for CCO scholarship, this innovative volume: Discusses interrelations or confluences among flows and explores relations of the Four Flows Model with alternate perspectives Emphasizes the need to ask broader questions in CCO theorizing regarding the ways socio-material things are constituted Lays out the context of 4F theory and identifies the key issues CCO theories should address Describes how conlocutions allow sensitive exploration of relations Introduces the concept of transtruction to Structuration Theory, explaining how communication produces and reproduces organizations Highlighting the importance of studying organizations as novel social entities that rule the world, The Four Flows Model: The Communicative Constitution of Organizations is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses on Organizational Communication, Structuration Theory, Organizational Communication, Management, Organizational Studies, and Public Administration, as well as an invaluable reference work for researchers and practitioners in the field.

The "software" that structures our financial systems and, through them, the broader economy, is made up of certain basic concepts that guide how we think. These concepts include money, finance, investment, credit, and - above all - capital. This conceptual software manifests itself in our current "operating system" of institutions and practices. But our concepts and the system itself are radically out of date as representations of monetary, financial, productive and distributive reality. Robert Hockett shows that this mismatch has serious consequences and argues that it's time for a complete overhaul of our economic understanding.The underlying conceptual problem, Hockett contends, is that we miss the extent to which our financial systems are deeply and ineradicably public. Money is an inherent emanation of our basic social contract; capital in turn emerges as almost entirely publicly generated. Our systems of finance and investment must therefore be publicly and democratically determined. Leaving them in the hands of private powers means resigning ourselves to current health and income inequalities, ever-more-frequent financial crises, and economic stagnation and decline - to say nothing of social and political deterioration across the developed world.Lucid and passionately argued, Making Capital Democratic is a seamless blend of philosophy and economics that calls for profound intellectual and institutional changes that would befit a democracy that is democratic in more than just name.

There is no such thing as free, unconstrained speech. Laws and constitutions may protect us from the state when we speak our minds. But the state is just one possible constraint. Glenn Loury, one of America's most outspoken and important intellectuals, provides a provocative and dazzling analysis of the powerful social forces that can prevent speakers from voicing unpopular views in public forums.Every society, Loury notes, has norms to enforce. That can be a good thing: There ought to be social sanctions for, say, compulsive liars. When, however, a society shows a low degree of tolerance for speech about matters of political importance, self-censorship proliferates and public discourse and policy suffer. The answer, Loury argues, is for as many of us as possible to be braver and more human - to take a risk and unapologetically "live within the truth".Loury first presented these ideas in the 1990s in a celebrated and prophetic essay about "political correctness." In Self-Censorship he expands and updates the account, deploying his analytical powers and psychological acuity to diagnose our current political climate. The result illuminates prevailing social dynamics with the same brilliant and startling effect that made the paper an instant classic thirty years ago.

The idea of progress, one of the animating ideas of Western civilization, has now gone global. From Marxism and neoliberalism to today's mutant identity politics, it offers a framework of knowledge and confidence: an assurance that things will get better and that history is on our side. However, in doing this it creates a form of authority that is simultaneously imaginary and dishonest, resting on confidence in a future that is really contingent and unknowable. In The Progress Trap, Ben Cobley looks at this progressive mindset as a form of power, conferring a right to act and control others. 'Change', 'transformation' and the 'new' are the superior values, meaning destruction of the old: people, cultures and nature. It is a trap into which nearly all of us fall at times, so attractive are its stories and familiar its techniques. Hard-hitting but thoughtful, the book is a meditation on the sinister consequences of the progressive way of being: for ourselves, for our democracy, for our art and for the pursuit of real knowledge.

In the demonology of the contemporary city, is there anything more toxic than the expressway? Dividing neighbourhoods, depressing land values, concentrating atmospheric pollutants, the mammoth infrastructure of the expressway is now increasingly crumbling into the ground. How did we build the expressway world in the first place? And what are we going to do now with it now? This eye-opening book explores these questions partly through the great expressway abolitions of recent years, such as Boston's Central Artery (buried and covered by a park) and Seoul's Cheonggyecheon (replaced with an artificial river). But the book also uncovers the hidden stories of expressways that have become weird attractions in their own right, from London's Westway to São Paulo's Minhocão, celebrated in art and literature. Above all, the book proposes, counterintuitively, that we find ways to live with the expressway world and to adapt it to a different future, inspired by the many examples where people have already reinvented this challenging legacy on their own terms. Engaging with case studies across the world and recent thinking in the environmental humanities and architectural theory, this is a thought-provoking invitation to reconsider the most maligned structures of the recent urban past.