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"-Michael Zuckerman, University of Pennsylvania.

Meanwhile, as slowly decaying artifacts of the Cold War, the closed production reactors at Hanford, Washington, and Savannah River, South Carolina, loom ominously over the landscape.

What results is an examination of the social perception of bureaucracy and the development of bureaucratic culture.

Hedges's book tries to correct some of the misapprehension about Irving's place in nineteenth-century American literature.

For his research, Vali conducted interviews with officials of the Turkish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, political party leaders, academics, journalists, and members of diplomatic missions.

Lester Crocker addresses these questions in an overview of ethical thought in eighteenth-century France.

Of the remaining chapters, the first isolates certain problems of a pragmatic nature from the central semantic concern, chapter II follows with a survey of recent scholarship on the question of semantic deviance, and chapter V compares the theory expounded in chapters III and IV with three other accounts of metaphor.

He evaluates the outcomes of the Eisenhower administration's trade and aid program, arguing that developing countries were worse off by the time Eisenhower left office.

He focuses on four central topics: the distinction between appearance and reality, the method used to establish the distinction, the appraisal of life made by the philosophers studied, and their ethical theories.

The book unpacks Cummings's subject matter, devices, and symbolism, ultimately helping readers develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of Cummings's work.

Baird examines writers who helped to create a modern authentic primitivism, with emphasis on Herman Melville, whom Baird sees as a locus of change for the cultural significance of primary art. Baird provides a social history and biography of writers who participated in the primary art movement from 1850 to 1950

Bagby explains how the election of 1920 contributed to momentous shifts in American politics by detailing why the major political parties abandoned sentiments that were widely accepted several years prior to the election.

In arguing against this dominant thesis, Edelstein draws from the conclusions of scholars of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and discusses ideas of Auguste Comte and Wilhelm Dilthey.

The general direction of the author's reading is a narrowing of focus from the most general to the most specific features of the confessional act.

In the end all nations suffered, including the United States.

Other critics have not closely studied the various plays of this tradition in order to show how they constitute a distinctive and well-defined species of theater to which Brecht unmistakably belongs.

Following this, Einarsson provides a thorough survey of Icelandic literature through the 1950s.

Although largely conceptual, the book is an unequivocal defense of this new theory in the explanation of human behavior.

Primarily concerned with the relation between Johnson's ideas and the long tradition of which they are the culmination, Sachs emphasizes the relevance of Johnson's thought to the twentieth century.

After tracing the evolution of the ambivalent English-Canadian concept of Canada's national identity, he concludes that the future of the Confederation will depend on how far the English majority is willing to go in meeting French demands.

The main value of the book, though, lies in its presentation of the philosophy of one leading twentieth-century educator and jurist.

These essays offer insights into a violently interesting poet, one who despite, or perhaps because of, her suicide at age thirty continues to fascinate and trouble us.

The author believes, however, that the Rumanians will continue to pursue their independent course-one that could stimulate greater popular support and participation in the country's affairs, although it may not lead to a realization of Ceausescu's social nationalist goals.

H. Wilson

Animating Boas's account is his own belief in the importance of the individual's voice-as opposed to the voice of the masses, which is by no means necessarily that of God or reason.

He provides original and challenging interpretations, shaping each into a self-contained entity.

Amplifying his theoretical model with subjective responses drawn from his own classroom experience, Bleich suggests ways in which the study of language and literature can become more fully integrated with each person's responsibility for what he or she knows.

Barker, professor of history at Johns Hopkins University, wrote an introduction that places Beloved Lady in the context of scholarly literature on Jane Addams.