Bøker utgitt av LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

As we face global population growth, increased competition for land and water resources from industrial and urban growth, climate change and the need to protect the environment, we need new solutions to increasing agricultural productivity to combat hunger and poverty. One particularly effective form of bioconversion biotechnology is mushroom cultivation for food, and also for the production of mushroom derived substances. Mushroom production is so far the most profitable way of utilizing ligno-cellulose containing waste materials into foods of higher yields, protein and gross energy per unit area of land. This book investigates the effect of compost size/height, composting period and supplementation on the yield of mushrooms. Mushrooms are gaining popularity due to its nutritive, medicinal and spiritual uses.

Pleurotus tuberregium is of great economic importance in all parts of sub-Saharan African, especially in Nigeria. Both the sclerotium and the mushrooms grown from it are eaten. In view of its popularity (use as food condiment and in medicine), it became necessary to study the simplest and cheapest substrate that would give the highest weight yield and protein content for its production. The mushroom is important for three main reasons: as a source of food (plus health benefits), as a source of income and to maintain the health of forests.

The central problem addressed is how when an emulsion is used as a lubricant, an oil droplet may be brought to steel substrate to provide microhydrodynamic lubrication. This happens by disjoining a thin water film adhered to steel substrate separating oil from substrate. Quantum mechanical and thermodynamic insights are considered to build a model. The model may be manipulated by selection surfactants and substrates of different chemical potentials to create situations, which enable the disjoining of water film. Different types of forces using atomic force microscopy and physic-chemical methods to validate the model and come to the conclusion, that for a given chemical potential only when the droplet size is controlled by surfactant chemistry and concentration to remain below a critical size it is possible to create a strongly attractive regime between the oil and the steel to bring about the disjoining process. The author demonstrates experimentally for a range of substrates, surfactants and their concentrations in the media, that there is a combination, as suggested by his theoretical model, for which the coefficient friction, in steel on steel sliding experiment, is optimum.

A cosmological model was developed using a quantum equation of state of hidden photon gas, as well as cosmic time. One of the primary objectives of this model is to see if determining the observed rotation speed of galactic matter is possible, without using dark matter DM (halo) as a parameter. To do so, a numerical application of the evolution of variables in accordance with cosmic time and a new state equation was developed to determine precise, realistic values for a number of cosmological parameters, such as energy of the universe U, cosmological constant Λ, curvature of space k, energy density, age of the universe etc. The current version of the model partially explains several of the observed phenomena that raise questions since CMB and JWST (VETG, Hubble tension, SMBH).

The economic trajectory of Ghana has been notably dynamic in recent years, consistently ranking among the top ten fastest-growing economies in Africa since 2017. However, the year 2020 brought unprecedented challenges, as plummeting oil prices and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a significant economic downturn, plunging the nation into recession. Through this analytical lens, this book was able to unravel the intricate interplay of diverse socio-economic factors and their respective contributions to the observed patterns of unemployment amid the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, this book reveals that the burgeoning financial burdens stemming from unemployment, coupled with the pervasive apprehension surrounding job security, collectively exert upward pressure on the national public debt. By foregrounding these hitherto underexplored dimensions, the study advances our understanding of the nuanced determinants of unemployment amid the COVID-19 crisis, thereby offering valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners alike.

У навчальному посібнику представлені 8 лабораторних робіт з визначення поверхневої, проекційної та об'ємної твердості металів, вимірюваних за допомогою твердомірів Брінелля, Роквелла, Віккерса, Nano Test. Кожна робота представляє закінчене наукове дослідження, що дає змогу значно поширити функціональні можливості сучасних твердомірів. Для кожного метода розроблені та апробовані відповідні формули та детально прописана методика досліджень. Ці лабораторні роботи в першу чергу орієнтовані на аспірантів та студентів технічних навчальних закладів, но можуть також використовуватися на металургійному виробництві і в машинобудуванні для оцінки якості продукції за методами визначення твердості. Всі роботи пройшли апробацію у продовж останніх 10 років, набрали позитивний досвід і можуть бути рекомендовані для активного втілення у навчальний процес технічних університетів.

In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often informally abbreviated to just head) sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head gasket. In most engines, the head also provides space for the passages that feed air and fuel to the cylinder, and that allow the exhaust to escape. The head can also be a place to mount the valves, spark plugs, and fuel injectors. The major automobile component subject to high temperature variation and thermal stress is engine cylinder. Fins are used on the surface of engine cylinder to increase the heat transfer rate. Heat rejection rate in engine cylinder fins can be enhanced by increasing its surface area. The objective of the present investigation is to examine the thermal properties by varying geometry, and material cylinder fins using solid works and Ansys work bench and the models are created by changing the geometry like (i) no of fins (ii) fin thickness (iii) gap between fins.

The Burgenland Croats have been present in Austria for the last 500 years. The subject of their role in Austrian political life has not been researched so far, so this text hopefully will shed new light on this part of their presence. Besides the strong cultural heritage that they preserve, the questions of how the status of Burgenland Croats as a minority in Austria is and how strong their influence on political life in Austria is were examined, as well as their position inside the Austrian society. The literature review and the theoretical approach included various theories that helped to understand better the political status of the Burgenland Croats, along with the qualitative research method based on interviews as a collection of data, that revealed a new perspective regarding the status and understanding of Burgenland Croats in Burgenland and Vienna. One of the conclusions definitely would be that there is a big space for more political progress, both from Croatian and Austrian authorities and governments.

This publication serves as a comprehensive resource for scholars, researchers, and practitioners seeking to deepen their understanding of parametricism and its implications for architecture and engineering. By examining the historical context, theoretical foundations, and practical applications of parametric design, we aim to foster interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration, paving the way for future advancements in the field.

To ensure the sustainability of chicken and rabbit production, some nutritionally practical strategies must be developed. Recently, chicken and rabbit farms have faced feed shortages due to the impact of climate change, high competition among livestock species, and war conditions. The present article aims to provide an overview of previous studies on the potential of using some plant and animal products as nutraceutical alternatives and feed additives in chicken and rabbit diets, separately or in combination, to act as natural growth promoters, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulants. From the results, some unconventional plant and animal products can be successfully used as dietary supplements and substitutes in poultry and rabbit farms to improve animal growth, health, and reproduction. These products are rich in minerals, vitamins, enzymes, organic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These active substances benefit the animal's digestive tract in different ways, including activating the digestive enzymes, maintaining microbial balance, and promoting vitamin synthesis.

The recordings in our heads play aimlessly compromising our decisions. We sponge up popular beliefs that silence our thoughts. We are swayed like marionettes by our puppeteers. It's a two-step process. First, we are programmed. Then, we follow the crowd, assuming it's fate. We have a storage of uncharted resources to reverse the domino effect of our wrong choices. Discover the secret! how to unlock the unlimited-resolution version of ourselves and hold up against the forceful wind of brainwashing. Our journey takes us through emotional turbulence, self-deception and repressive monotony, to the gates of freedom and creativity, where we are introduced to the uniqueness inside us. Inner radiance is unlocked and shines as we rise to the Gestalt of self-actualization and authenticity. Above the corrosive toxins of hypnosis, the air is pure and clean. Light runs through our veins as if we are "filled with stars."

Core antrenmanları; kuvvet ve denge (statik ve dinamik) özelliklerini geliştirmesinin yanında, stabilite ile kol ve bacaklardaki kuvvet üretimi doğru orantılıdır. Karate'de core bölgesi çok önemlidir. El ve ayak teknik vuruşlarında kalça, karın ve bel bölgeleri denge ve kuvvet özellikleri yönünden ayrı ayrı öneme sahiptir. Yumruk vuruşlarında kalçanın dönmesi ne kadar önemliyse tekme esnasında da kalçanın dönmesi çok önemlidir. Tekmenin öncesi- esnası-sonrası evrelerinde kalçanın kuvvetli ve dengeli olması gerekir. Bu bilgiler ve literatür ışığında çalışmamızın amacı elit karatecilerde core antrenmanlarının kuvvet ve denge özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesidir.

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a fluid concrete mixture having no segregation and compact under its self weight. Self Compacting Concrete has fresh properties like passing ability, filling ability and segregation resistance. In this experimental research, the tests are conducted for mechanical and durability properties of self compacting concrete, containing Ordinary Portland Cement partially replaced by Fly ash and Silica fume. The performance of concrete mixture in terms of mechanical and durability characteristics for M40 grade concrete and w/c ratio is 0.38 constant in all mixes. Cement is replaced by fly ash (i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%), after getting the optimum value and further cement is replaced by silica fume (i.e., 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%) and 2% super plasticizer is used in all mixes to obtain a specific workability. The durability characteristics should be evaluated as carefully as the other mechanical properties. The results are showed a good relation between the strength and durability of Self Compacting Concrete when compared to Conventional Concrete.