Bøker utgitt av LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Tradional Community based forest management has been praised as a good management approach by many stakeholders. It facilitates better forest management and improved livelihoods of the community with the framework of equity and pro poor principles. In Kenya any form of foresr management that involves communities has been formally been referred to as Participatory Forest Management (PFM). This booklet provides a synopsis of The Impact of Participatory Forest Management on Forest Management and Community Livelihoods under Traditional Community Based Forest Management for Loita (Naimina-Enkiyio) Forests, Narok County, Kenya. The forest is unique in the country as it has remained intact while other forests which have been under government management were being degraded. The communities have exhibited resilience; enviable capacity to have the forest remain under their control; provided opportunities for all to access benefits at no direct cost and they members contribute for social and public development and to forest management as a community. The communities have resisted attempts to sub divide the land as they belief that this shall be the start of the forests degradation

Bacillus thuringiensis comprise of gram-positive, big rod shaped, spore-forming bacterium. They have unusual property of producing a parasporal protein crystal known as ¿-endotoxin or Cry protein,which is found toxic for many serious insect pests. Efforts have been made in many countries to isolate new strains with increased potency against target pest insects having a wider host range. These toxins have not only shown activity against insect member of order Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera but also against nematodes, mites, lice, aphids and ants. Till date, many ¿-endotoxin proteins were found effective against specific insects and surprisingly single strain of Bacillus thuringiensis found to produce one or more type of Cry proteins. An understanding of newly isolated Bacillus thuringiensis, their efficacy, mechanisms and presence of specific genes in them is essential for the future rational use of this Bacterial Insect Pathogen. The inimitable blend of benefits may help the farmers with the weapons they need to fight pests, maintaining crop yields and improving the health of the world¿s growing population.