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Poetry expressing criticism of social, political and cultural life is a vital integral part of Persian literary history. Its principal genres - invective, satire and burlesque - have been very popular with authors in every age. Despite the rich uninterrupted tradition, such texts have been little studied and rarely translated. Their irreverent tones range from subtle irony to crude direct insults, at times involving the use of outrageous and obscene terms. This anthology includes both major and minor poets from the origins of Persian poetry (10th century) up to the age of Jâmi (15th century), traditionally considered the last great classical Persian poet. In addition to their historical and linguistic interest, many of these poems deserve to be read for their technical and aesthetic accomplishments, setting them among the masterpieces of Persian literature.

This volume explores the production and use of medieval manuscripts that contain classical Latin texts. Six experts in the field address a range of topics related to these manuscripts, including how classical texts were disseminated throughout medieval society, how readers used and interacted with specific texts, and what these books look like from a material standpoint. This collection of essays also considers the value of studying classical manuscripts as a distinct group, and demonstrates how such a collective approach can add to our understanding of how classical works functioned in medieval society. Focusing on the period 800-1200, when classical works played a crucial role in the teaching of grammar, rhetoric, and dialectics, this volume investigates how classical Latin texts were copied, used, and circulated in both discrete and shared contexts.Contributions by Robert Gary Babcock, David T. Gura, Erik Kwakkel, Irene O'Daly, Mariken Teeuwen and Rodney Thomson.Erik Kwakkel is Associate Professor in palaeography at Leiden University Centre for the Arts in Society and Principal Investigator of the NWO-funded research project 'Turning Over a New Leaf: Manuscript Innovation in the Twelfth-Century Renaissance'. 'Again, this is a well-edited volume of engaging, innovative and path-blazing papers. The book represents an impressive contribution to scholarship on a variety of medieval topics as well as a number of classical authors and texts.' AIDAN KEALLY CONTI, Associate Professor Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen, Norway

Persian in Use is an elementary Persian language and culture textbook designed for first-year language students at a university level and specifically focused on teaching contemporary Persian as it is actually used. With its colorful and lively design, the textbook offers an integrative approach combining new vocabulary summarized thematically and lexically, interactive dialogues, straightforward explanations of grammatical features, engaging classroom and homework exercises, and samples of literary and popular writings.

Abu ¿Abdollâh' Jafar ibn Mohammad Rudaki (c. 880 CE-941 CE) was a poet to the Samanid court which ruled much of Khorâsân (northeastern Persia) from its seat in Bukhara.He is widely regarded as "the father of Persian poetry, for he was the first major poet to write in New Persian language, following the Arab conquest in the seventh and eighth centuries, which established Islam as the official religion, and made Arabic the predominant literary language in Persian-speaking lands for some two centuries.In the tenth century the Caliphate power, with headquarters in Bagdad, gradually weakened. The remoteness of Khorâsân, where Rudaki was based, provided a hospitable atmosphere for a "renaissance" of Persian literature. Persian poetry¿now written in the Arabic alphabet¿flourished under the patronage of the Samanid amirs, who drew literary talent to their court. Under the rule of Nasr ibn Ahmad II (r. 914-943), Rudaki distinguished himself as the brightest literary star of the Samanid court.This book presents Rudaki as the founder of a new poetic aesthetic, which was adopted by subsequent generations of Persian poets. Rudaki is credited with being the first to write in the rubâi form; and many of the images we first encounter in Rudaki's lines have become staples of Persian poetry.

This is the first monograph investigating how Persian compound verbs are processed in the mental lexicon, through which it can be inferred how they are stored, organized, and accessed. The study examines Persian compound verbs in light of psycholinguistic theories on poly-morphemic word processing as well as linguistic theories of complex predicates. Dr. Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi is a Lecturer of Persian Language and Linguistics and the Head of Persian Language Program at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University.

This book collects contributions by Richard T. Griffiths on the history of European integration, some published for the first time in English. The essays range in chronology from the early experiences with the Marshall Plan to the difficulties and opportunities for the EFTA countries afforded by association with the EEC in the 1970s and 80s. The book interprets European integration far wider than simply the current European Union and its forerunners. Thus, it devotes chapters to EFTA, the OECD, and to issues as agriculture, cartels and monetary problems. The volume also contains the essay in the title which poses the question of what would have happened had there been no Schuman Plan back in 1950. This book should appeal to students of contemporary history, especially those interested in EU history, and to political scientists who will discover a rich palette of case studies upon which to test their theories. Its constructively critical slant on developments provides interesting perspectives to those general readers seeking a nuanced approach between the extremes of the current pro- or anti- in the debates on Europe.Richard T. Griffiths is emeritus professor of Economic and Social History at Leiden University and former director of European Union Studies within the Humanities Faculty. He also lectures at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.

Dit boek bevat zes studies geschreven door prominente onderzoekers van het insulaire boek. De leidraad wordt gevormd door het handschrift als fysiek object, hoewel er ook aandacht is voor schrift op en in andere objecten. Verschillende aspecten van de Engelse schriftcultuur van voor 1200 komen aan de orde: van de layout in de Angelsaksische oorkonden (Kathryn Lowe) tot de overgang van Angelsaksische naar een Normandische-Geinspireerde schriftstijl (Teresa Webber). Twee hoofdstukken presenteren een eerste synthese van een fenomeen: Michelle Brown analyseert de schriftcultuur van het koninkrijk van Mercia, terwijl David Dumville een beknopte geschiedenis van het insulaire schrift presenteert. Francis Newton en Mary Garrison bestuderen elk een individueel handschrift. De eerste laat zien hoe de (Eadui) kopiist van het Hannover evangelienboek verantwoordelijk was voor het decoratieve programma van dit belangrijke handschrift terwijl de laatste betoogt hoe Plinius' Historia naturale in VLF 4 in de Leidse Universiteitsbibliotheek is vervaardigd in York ten tijde van Alcuinus.- Erik Kwakkel is palaeograaf aan de Universiteit Leiden, waar hij leiding geeft aan 'Turning Over een New Leaf: Manuscript Innovation in the Twelfth-Century Renaissance', mogelijk gemaakt door NWO.

This volume provides new insights in the concept of shari'a in the West, and sets out a framework of how shari'a in the West can be studied. The premise of this volume is that one needs to focus on the question 'What do Muslims do in terms of shari'a?' rather than 'What is shari'a?'. This perspective shows that the practice of Sharia is restricted to a limited set of rules that mainly relate to religious rituals, family law and social interaction. The framework of this volume then continues to explore two more interactions: the Western responses to these practices of shari'a and, in turn, the Muslim legal reaction to these responses.

Reclaiming the Faravahar is an ethnographic study of the contemporary Zoroastrians in Tehran. It examines hundreds of public discursive and ritual performances to show how they play upon national, religious, and ethnic categories to frame the Zoroastrian identity within the longstanding conflict between Iranian Shi'a and Arab Sunnis, defining and defending Zoroastrians' identity and values in Shi'i dominated Iran. The book focuses on two main concerns of the community: continuity with the past, hence a claim of being the authentic Iranians; and distinction from the dominant Shi'a, thus appealing to fellow non-Zoroastrians who are disenchanted with Islamic Republic. It also provides an historical sketch of Zoroastrians' condition after the Arab incursion into the Persian territory of seventh-century Iran and some of the challenges they have faced, such as emigration, conversion, absorption, and declining numbers. The book then explores the ways in which these challenges are received, understood, and articulated by today's community, and how the community makes a conscious effort to remain not only relevant in contemporary Iran but in a global context as well. The book will mainly appeal to scholars and students of religion, ritual, history, performance theories, discursive analysis, authoritarian regimes, and subalterns. Academics with an interest in Iran and the Shi'i tradition will take particular interest in the work.

Agreement Restrictions in Persian is the first comprehensive attempt to tackle the issue of verbal agreement in Persian from a cross-linguistic point of view. Persian is a field of research within theoretical linguistics that is yet to be sufficiently explored. This book adopts the Minimalist Program of Chomsky (1995-2004) which is at the forefront of recent theories of formal syntax and applies it to the Persian language.Although it is commonly believed that in Persian the verb agrees with the subject, several constructions seem to constrain this obligatory rule. Adopting the framework of Distributed Morphology, the author argues that agreement is in fact obtained with the plural inanimate subjects but a morphological rule may block the result. Unlike the previous analyses which consider the experiencer as the subject of the psychological constructions, the author argues that the psychological state is the subject of the sentence. The findings of this book not only contribute to better understanding of Persian syntax, but also have important implications for grammar theory.Anousha Sedighi is assistant professor of Persian and director of the Persian Program at Portland State University.

Between 1966 and 1980, the War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan (now the Center for Military History of the National Institute for Defense Studies) published the 102-volume "Senshi Sosho" (War History Series). These volumes give a detailed account of the operations of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Second World War. Volume 3 of the series, "The Invasion of the Dutch East Indies", describes in depth the campaign to gain control over the Indonesian archipelago - at that time the largest transoceanic landing operation in the military history of the world. The present book is the first complete and unabridged translation of a volume from the comprehensive "Senshi Sosho" series. It enables military historians and the general public to see and study for the first time how the operation that put an end to Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia was planned and executed.Willem Remmelink was the executive director of the Japan-Netherlands Institute in Tokyo for more than twenty-five years. He is a specialist in Japanese and Indonesian history.