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Since their very first appearance on this planet, the microorganisms have benefitted our society in many ways. They are supposed to be the simplest but most versatile and talented products of evolution. They thrive in habitats extremely hostile to human life and are infinitely more skilled than any human chemist in their synthetic activities. Their rich diversity and their functional aspects make them indispensable components of our ecosystems. This book has been published on the eve of 75th Birth Day of Prof. Sudhir Chandra, Former Head and Emeritus Professor, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, who is well known for his concern to the microbes and made significant contributions in exploring their beneficial activities in different ecosystems. The book contains 31 articles written by distinguished scientists of the country having expertise in dealing with the microbes and exploiting their potential for the benefits of mankind. The articles included in the book are thought provocating and deals with: o the topics of Taxonomy, Diversity and Applications of VAM fungi in different Ecosystems o    Applications of Microbial Technology for Treatment of effluents of a Gelatine Factory, Biodiversity of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Trichoderma, o    Useful microbes of Mangrove Ecosystem, Extremophiles, PGPRs, Phytotoxins, Litter decomposition, Biopesticides, Botanical Pesticides, biofertilizers and so many others including major concerns about the Evolution and Conservation of Microbial Biodiversity. o    All the articles written by the authors are original, timely and appropriate.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), a framework created by the Kyoto Protocol, was an attempt to link the carbon market and sustainable development objectives in developing countries. Consequently, sequestered carbon is now a globally traded commodity with a huge potential to provide economic returns to land manager. Unlike traditional development models based on deferred and diffused benefit streams, the new carbon-market model offers an opportunity to directly link land management and natural resource conservation with specific and immediate market incentives. Analysis shows that carbon markets can serve a catalytic function in stimulating increased tree planting and improved forest management, thus helping to realize the multiple benefits of forestry and agro-forestry systems. In recent years opportunities for participation in carbon credit trading markets have been growing. The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) now boasts more than six million trades per month. A recent summary of the "State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2006" prepared for the World Bank's BioCarbon Fund, reports a rapid increase in corporate participation in the carbon market. This book focuses on the concept of CDM and other forestry based Carbon finance mechanisms introduced by UNFCCC and its impact on carbon markets. It also presents a brief analysis of the growth of carbon market in India, its present status and prospects in future. It provides a detailed account of Afforestation and Reforestation CDM Projects including the A/R Project Designed Document by UNFCCC in a simplified yet compact manner for better understanding of the procedure as a reference guide.

who are directly or indirectly involved in the diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of human and animal diseases and their welfare. Finally, all can enrich their knowledge on any aspects of microbiology from the book and clarify any doubts and concepts very easily and confidently.

Complete information in a comprehensible way is the watchword of the book. The book consists of three parts and each part provides a structured approach to learning by covering all the topics in a uniform and systematic format. The topics under each part have been carefully designed to conform to the VCI syllabus. Part I deals with principles of animal nutrition and feed technology which comprehensively covered about the proximate principles and estimation of common macro elements like calcium and phosphorus. It also includes about the cell wall fractionation and estimation of common toxic principles present in feeds. Part II deals with applied animal nutrition-I, where the feeding on ruminant animals specifically the cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats in their different physiological stages are discussed and requirements of different nutrients as well as formulation of their respective ration has been taken care of. Part III deals with applied animal nutrition-II, where the feeding on non-ruminant animals specifically the swine and poultry in their different physiological stages are discussed and requirements of different nutrients as well as formulation of their respective diet has been taken care of. In addition to that principles of mixing and compounding of feed has also been considered. The book is similarly useful for the post graduate students of animal sciences, teachers and scientists of animal nutrition discipline, personnel of feed industry involved in feed manufacturing and marketing, field veterinarian, animal husbandry extension worker and progressive animal farmers and animal lovers.

This book entitled "Livestock Nutrition: Analytical Techniques" lucidly explain recommended and standard methods of analysis. Latest methods of Bomb calorimetry, Isothermal, Adiabatic and Ballistic, non-protein nitrogen fractions, oxalic acid in feeds and fodders, cyanides in plants, nitrate and nitrite in forages, thioglucoside in rapeseed meal, free gossypol in cottonseed meal and aflatoxins in feed have been explained in a simple and illustrative way. Additional methods of desoxyribonuleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis in animal tissues, non-esterified fatty acid, total lipids in serum or plasma Iipase, blood glucose, cholesterol and urea, biuret method for protein content in wheat, fractions of total lipids eg. cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol are given in a very simple way, along with examples of calculations of results. Method of urea estimation in animal feed as an adulterant is described in detail. This book provides essential information for undergraduate and postgraduate degree students in Food Science and Technology. Animal Nutrition, Animal Products Technology, Animal Feed Technology and Foods Nutrition (F&N).

The book is the compilation of the research work conducted at macro/micro levels by eminent scientists and teachers of the country with diverse specializations. These scientists/teachers have willingly contributed their work in the form of the articles to this volume addressing various dimensions of the food security and livelihood scenario in various states of the country and the country as a whole. The book is most relevant in the present day owing to the fact that the food security and livelihood is the priority issue confronting the country, as also it demonstrates the use of quantitative techniques in estimating demand and supply gaps. The strategies for conservation of the food energies through proper processing and their value addition for enhancing livelihood options has been taken care of. The nutritional demand-supply gaps, malnutrition and other related issues are also addressed comprehensively. The book is expected to serve as a reference material for the researchers, planners and the public representatives for understanding the conceptual frame of livelihood and food security besides devising pragmatic policies in achieving the food security through attainment of livelihood security at macro and micro levels.

Insects and non-insect pests are responsible for causing extensive damage to crops in the field and to grains and stored products in the warehouses and godowns, which necessitates their control. In this book, the author has given:- Detailed account of major insect and non-insect pests of economically important field and horticultural crops and possible measures of their control. Information about household pests, which damage human possessions, as well as insect and non-insect pests, which either cause diseases or transmit various diseases in plants, livestock and humans. A list of minor pests of each crop, which may attain the level of major pests when conditions become favorable for them. List of insecticides approved by the Government of India for use as spray chemicals and granular insecticides and the dosage for their use. The text is substantiated with many, fine hand-drawn illustrations, depicting the nature of damage and life cycle of the pests, which is the highlight of this book. The book is intended primarily for the Under Graduate students of Agriculture, but it will be immense use for the Post Graduate students of Agriculture, officials working in the Department of Agriculture, those interested in scientific farming and for the general public.

The book consists of 19 chapters on different subjects and in different dimensions, with particular emphasis on the post-harvest handling and processing of fruits and vegetables, including mushrooms. Scope for the technology on fruits and vegetables, non-destructive methods to evaluate fresh quality, radiation preservation, chemistry of pectin and pigments and their applications, nutraceutical compounds, membrane processing of liquid fruits, dehydrated and intermediate moisture products,importance of bamboo and mushrooms as food, influence of process conditions on product quality, food additives in product preparation, packaging aspects, microbiological safety concerns, relevant analytical methods, mushroom nutraceuticals and bio-technological interventions for improvement of banana with a final note on conclusions in the last .

All undergraduate and postgraduate students of science and engineering faculties will be benefited by this book. It is meant for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of civil engineering science faculty and geology irrespective of their specializations.

The book has been written in a very simple and easily understandable language. The information given in this book is based on systematically and scientifically designed field and laboratory experiments conducted in various ecological zones. It is believed that this book will serve the scientific society in a variety of ways. Undergraduate and postgraduate students, professors, teachers, scientists and researchers having their interests in different fields of specialization will certainly be benefited. The book covers articles written by well known authorities in respective fields.

Plant diseases are among the important factors that are responsible for causing yield loss in crop production. The loss due to diseases alone is estimated to be around 26 per cent. Diseases may attack at any stage of the standing crop, from seedlings till maturity of the crop. They may affect different parts of the plants, such as foliage, stem, root, flowers or seed and cause various types of symptoms, while the diseases such as wilt affect the entire plant. All these ultimately result in the reduction of yield and poor quality of the produce. Further, many pathogens continue to attack the stored grains and stored produce, and cause spoilage. To save the crops from diseases caused by pathogens and thereby to increase crop production, it is imminent that diseases have to be controlled by any means. To adopt various strategies for the control of pathogens, one should have some basic knowledge about the symptoms produced by the pathogens, their life cycle, mode of survival and spread, and the stage at which the host is most vulnerable to attack by the pathogens. Most of the cultivated varieties of different crops are susceptible to one disease or another, while some others are susceptible to many diseases. Even resistant cultivars of some of the crop species may become susceptible to some specific diseases in course of time as a result of development of new physiologic races of the pathogen by hybridization or natural mutation or when the environmental conditions are highly favorable for the pathogen and not quite favorable for the host. In this book the authors have given a detailed account of the major diseases of important field crops and horticultural crops, and their management. The text is substantiated with many hand-drawn illustrations, which are of excellent quality and in fact it is the highlight of the book. A on important edible mushrooms commonly grown in India, methods of cultivation of different mushrooms, diseases and pests attacking mushroom beds and mushrooms is also included in the book. This may be quite useful to emerging entrepreneu

It is designed to guide students from a basic knowledge of soil, mathematics, hydrologic and hydraulics to the state-of-the-art irrigation system design and management. Since major and medium irrigation projects are too costly and at the same time are not eco-friendly, the major thrust of research is now being imparted on low cost and easy to construct farm irrigation structures. The primary aim of the book is to design an optimum size small scale water harvesting structure which is the farm pond mostly used by the farmers in the farms. My goal is to present the principles and concepts of farm irrigation in a simple manner to maximize the students learning, understanding and motivation. The method and order of presentation have been carefully developed and classroom tested to make this book a useful and effective teaching tool. The book will not only be a helping tool to the students and teachers in agriculture and agricultural engineering but also to all the practicing engineers, agriculturists, soil conservationists and agricultural extension workers who deal directly or indirectly with water management and other associated farm development works. However, the book cannot be used for design of complex hydraulic structures including dams and reservoi The book contains 23 solved problems, 238 short and long type questions, 42 tables, 55 figures and more than 138 references which will be immensely helpful to the students and design engineer. Several field ex perimental results have also been incorporated in the book at appropriate sections to make the book interesting for the readers.

This book describes and evaluates animal biotechnology and its application in veterinary medicine and pharmaceuticals as well as improvement in animal food production. Transgenic technologies are used for improving milk production and the meat in farm animals as well as for creating models of human diseases. Transgenic animals are used for the production of proteins for human medical use. Biotechnology is applied to facilitate xenotransplantation from animals to humans. Genetic engineering is done in farm animals and nuclear transfer technology has become an important and preferred method for cloning animals. Biotechnology has potential applications in the management of several animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, avian flue and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The most important biotechnology based products consist of vaccines, particularly genetically engineered or DNA vaccines. Gene therapy for diseases of pet animals is a fast developing area because many of the technologies used in clinical trials humans were developed in animals and many of the diseases of cats and dogs are similar to those in humans. RNA interference technology is now being applied for research in veterinary medicine. Molecular diagnosis is assuming an important place in veterinary practice. Polymerase chain reaction and its modifications are considered to be important. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are also widely used. Newer biochip-based technologies and biosensors are also finding their way in veterinary diagnostics. This book is an attempt to unravel the mysteries of biotechnology as it affects animal health and production."

Artificial Insemination and Treatment of Infertility in Dairy Animals by Honnappagol and Tandle is a handy work of 16 well experienced faculties drawn from different departments of higher learning. Most of them are actively engaged in under-graduate and post-graduate teaching with considerable expertise. Adequate care has been exercised by the editors to incorporate all the aspects of artificial insemination and infertility in the chapters form 1 to 20 so that it can serve as a real guide to the students and veterinarians and in turn minimizing the possible economic losses to the dairy animal owners and dairy Industry. Adequate care has been taken to include all spheres of infertility starting from endocrinology of estrous cycle, role of nutrition, feed formulation, breeding strategies, estrus detection aids, recent advances in reproduction controlled breeding, fertility improvement use of ultrasound and laparoscopy, therapeutic management of infertility and reproductive disease control. Practical knowledge and skill in respect of handling, storage and evaluation of frozen semen, safety handling of cryocans and liquid nitrogen, factors affecting success rate in artificial insemination programme and drugs and hormones used in treating reproductive disorders is also provided.

This text book on Physiology of Animals is intended to be useful for elementary animal physiology course in colleges of agriculture, zoology, veterinary and animal sciences. In all s, the aim has been to present a clear and concise account of the functioning of various systems of domestic animals. Where appropriate, examples from human and non domestic animals such as rat and rabbit have been cited. Physiology has now grown into a vast discipline. The book covers and explains the following deeply: o Nature and Scope of Physiology o Body Fluids: Water, Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance o Respiration o Blood o Circulatory System o Structure & Functions of the Kidney o Rumen Function o Digestion & Metabolism o Vitamins and Minerals o Endocrine Glands and Their Secretions o Reproduction in the Male o Female Reproduction o Lactation o Nervous System o Bone, Skin and Special Senses o Physiology of Temperature Regulation

The challenges of increasing vegetable productivity against unfortunate diminishing soil fertility natural resources particularly land and water and rising cost of vegetable production call for greater technology support. This book deals with classification of different vegetable crops basic principles of different crop management practices viz, seedling management water management plant nutrient management pollination management IPM techniques integrated disease management biological management of diseases and weed management and modern production technologies of 29 important vegetable crops. Unique feature of this book lay on 190 coloured photographs on four important aspects of vegetable production viz, nursery management physiological disorder disease and insect pests of different vegetables crops. This type book dealing with modern vegetable production technology with extensive photographic documentation is the new addition in the teaching and demonstrative field of vegetable science. This book will be extremely beneficial not only for the students but also for the faculty members of the colleges and University technical personnel of the commercial vegetable farms planners extension and development officers and even nutritionists and dieticians will also get benefit from this book."

This book is aimed at providing systematic information on nutritional importance of vegetables in human nutrition, physiology, post-harvest technology, biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetables at a single source. The book contains very concise and precise information on physio-biochemical and biotechnological aspects of vegetable crops and also covers areas like resistance against diseases and herbicides and tolerance against drought and salinity and the physical aspects of quality, i.e., shape, size, texture, colour, tenderness, etc. It also contains the information on best possible solutions of problems faced by the students, scientists, growers and tradeThe information given in this book is truly based on scientific records of scientists working on vegetables in various institutes. The book on physio-biochemical and biotechnological aspects of vegetable crops compiled for the students of postgraduate and postdoctoral programs is one such attempt to make them learn and understand the subject more precisely and motivate them o improve their knowledge in the field of physio-biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetables crops to meet the future needs. In addition, this book may be user-friendly to others who have the concern to expand their knowledge in the field of physio-biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetable crops and wish to fetch more remuneration from vegetable crops."

The book entitled "Molecular Markers and Plant Biotechnology" is an exclusive collection of molecular marker based techniques narrated in 40 s through 578 along with figures makes it essential for biotechnology people. To supplement the practical working the relevant equipments have been described. Laboratory safety rules placed in the beginning is a wise task. Appendices include basic calculations; basic principles in preparation of reagents, abbreviations and glossary show the carefulness while preparing this text. This is an unavoidable text for biotechnology laboratory and class."

Postharvest Management and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables is a text book written in simple brief language for teachers as well as students. The book covers the syllabus of the basic course on postharvest management and processing of fruits and vegetables. The book has been divided into 4 parts. Part I deals with Postharvest Physiology, Part II with Management and Processing, III with Novel Technologies and Part IV with Objective Questions. A brief introduction and basics of recent topics i.e. Extrusion, irradiation, ohmic heating, microwave processing and dielectric heating, pulsed electric fields, magnetic fields, pulsed light treatment, high pressure processing, ultra sounds, linear induction electron accelerator, minimal processing and hurdle technology, designer foods and nutraceuticals, genetically modified foods, GAP and GMP and HACCP have also been covered along with objectives questions that are often asked in various competitive examinations. The book would be of great use the students, researchers, teachers and all those who have interest in the subject.

The book soil microbiology and biochemistry written in a comprehensive lucid manner, deals the issues concerned to the soil fertility, soil health, plant growth and soil biotechnology in relation to microbial activities. Special attention has been paid to the ecology, biochemistry and functioning of soil micro-organisms and their interactions. Thus, in a broad sense, the book shall prove useful tool to the students and teachers of microbiology and may also serve as an invaluable resource for students and teachers in soil science, soil ecology, biogeochemistry, environmental sciences, botany biochemistry, sustainable agriculture and resource management, both at under graduate and post graduate levels. This book has sixteen s with glossary of the terms often used in soil microbiology. The comprehensive introduction to soil microbiology and the rapid advances made in both fundamental knowledge and potential applications of soil microbiology e.g. history, ecology, habitats, diversification and functions of soil organisms, soil health and applied environmental topics is given in 1 to 3. The overview of the methods employed to study soil micro organisms is presented in 4. Microbial-mediated transformations of major nutrients (N, P, Fe, S, K, etc.) and other metals in soil are lucidly described in 5 to 9. The plant microbe interactions in soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere is covered in 10 to 12 and these s provide comprehensive knowledge about mycorrhiza, plant growth promoting rhizosphere microorganisms, deleterious rhizosphere microorganisms, root pathogens besides enlightening the various types of soil microbial products of plant and Pesticide-microbe interactions also covers the effect on non-target microorganisms, pesticide persistence, accumulation and bio-magnification, co-metabolism, bioremediation, etc. A separate is devoted to the production and applications of biofertilizers and biopesticides. Organic waste recycling covers composting, vermin-compost, aquacultural reuse, land application, mushrooms and bio-energy production. The book keeps the learners abreast with the current trends and concepts in soil microbiology for easy comprehension. It also gives balanced coverage of fundamental and applied topics. Moreover, it introduces students to newly emerging field of soil biotechnology. The extensive glossary and index has been given at the end for easy study reference in understanding.

"Agronomy is such science of agriculture as encompassing all the branches of it. The main focus of agriculture is also agronomy. Therefore the soul of agriculture is agronomy and its knowledge is essential at all levels and intensity. The book is best suited to those students preparing for competitive exams such as JRF, SRF, IARI entrance exam, civil services, ARS and host of other exam being conducted by the Universities in agronomy. Hope that the book will be of immense benefit to all those users aiming to further their career in agronomy."

Fish Fermentation: Traditional to Modern Approaches is the first of its kind geared specifically for students interested in pursuing a career in Food Biotechnology and especially in Fish Processing Technology. There is information about fermented fish from Southeast Asia. Products from this region are highly salted and fermented until the fish flesh is transformed into simpler components and the fermentation process lasts for several months (three to nine months) and the fish flesh may liquefy or turn into a paste. Fermented fish products from the north eastern part of India share many common features with that from other Southeast Asian countries. Still some of the steps in the fermentation process are unique to the Northeast India. More over the scenario varies with the varieties of the fermented fish items. This book aims at bringing out not only the scientific basis of the fermentation process but also endeavors to cite the present market status of the fermented fish. With its balanced coverage of historical development, microbial diversity, nutritional aspects and contemporary application, the book provides the tools and basic knowledge necessary for success in this industry. Special sections on Probiotics and Fermented Fish, Starter Culture in Fish Fermentation are in great detail which is the outcome of various research works. This book is therefore, suitable for undergraduate, postgraduate as well as research students. The first , Fermented Food Products in India depicts about various fermented food items available in India and international scenario is also highlighted. The second , Traditional Fish Preservation Techniques gives an idea of traditional system of fish preservation in various parts of the world will surely help the students as well as the research students to carry out various projects in this field and in designing the protocol for standardization of fish preservation technique. The third , Microbial Diversity describe about the world of microbes in the fermented fish products, their role in fermentation, desirable and associated types of microbes in fish fermentation, the spoilage group of microbes involved in fish fermentation, pathogenic microbes and possible health hazards, the beneficial group of microbes in the process and the relevant data of various research works. In the fourth , Nutritional Aspects of Fermented Fish, the nutritional value of a variety of fermented fish products are highlighted, their role as an important protein supplement for many nutritional diseases is also projected. This will give a basic idea of nutritional quality of fermented fish products. 5 and 6 are mainly aimed at introducing cutting edge technology in the field of fish fermentation which, in turn, is the result of the advent of modern biotechnological tools."

"Taxonomists dealing with fruit crops have rated systematic pomology as an advanced horticultural subject and takes into consideration the basic aspects of taxonomy i.e. identification, naming of fruit plant species and varieties, besides, placements or logical classification of each fruit type under specific units of classification. For sound horticultural systematic knowledge primarily those of taxonomy, morphology, genetics, cytology and plant breeding is essential. For good reading material it is essential for systematic pomologists to use information of the associated sciences with appropriate explanations and applications. The present work provides elementary knowledge to the students who have started studying systematic pomology and covers: Introduction (three sub-heads) presents the more academic elements of taxonomy related to the theories, hypothesis, basic principles pre-requisite of systematics  which are required for a minimum working knowledge of systematic pomology.  The detail regarding general origin and distribution, flower and fruit structure is given so that students with this background knowledge are in a position to cope with problems related both to varietal descriptions and testing. Significance of systematic pomology to varietal improvement, new variety sources and methods of synthesis are detailed. The section 1-4 comprises of systematic enumeration of 58 fruits, discussed under the heads of tropical and subtropical, small fruits, nut fruits and temperate fruits. Each crop covers in detail the historical background, origin, distribution and uses, pomological traits of fruit, important species and cultivars and line drawings of flowers and fruits structures. List of cultivars is restricted to popular cultivars as the cultivation status is ever changing. The glossary and annexures are designed with thrust on clarity and brevity. The annexures provide detailed information of fruit crops, fruit types, genera , species and tribes, their number and status in fruit crop families. Botanical terms chart provides morphological description of leaf, floral structure and form, inflorescence root and rootstock for easily understanding by the readers."