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The book is primarily meant for the students of graduate and postgraduate in the field of horticulture of all agricultural universities in India and neighbouring countries. The information included in this book is considered to be of utmost value to student of horticulture fruit & vegetable growers, nursery man, gardeners, subject matter specialist and other person's engaged in the field of horticulture. In this edition Authors shared their personal experience on horticultural crops acquired during their teaching.

which makes the book useful not only to students but teachers and farmers.

colleges across the country, teachers, researchers, trainers, civil service aspirants and general educationists.

This book is written for students who are taking their first and perhaps their only course in biochemistry, whether as undergraduates or as graduate students. The book is simple in language and approach but yet presents a powerful way of analyzing many important problems in biology and extension.

The 2nd fully revised and expanded edition of the book Question Bank in Postharvest Technology has been fully updated with adequate number of MCQ's, Fill in The Blanks, Match the Followings and Glossary on the topic.With more than 1500 MCQs, 500 Fill in the Blanks and 300 match the Followings specifically on PST make the books a worth enough for every student.The 2nd fully revised and expanded edition of the book Question Bank in Postharvest Technology has been fully updated with adequate number of MCQ's, Fill in The Blanks, Match the Followings and Glossary on the topic.With more than 1500 MCQs, 500 Fill in the Blanks and 300 match the Followings specifically on PST make the books a worth enough for every student.

The content of book includes all major aspects of biomass production and efficient utilization for energy generation. Most of the information presented in this book reflects a basis to acquire the understanding of the proper utilization of biomass for heat and power generation. In this book, design criteria, present state of art of technology and future perspective of clean energy are illustrated through graphs, figures, tables, flowcharts. equation etc. to make subject more clear and useful.

This book is to provide in-depth information on fundamentals of different renewable energy resources. In this textbook, the primary emphasis is on fundamentals of thermodynamics and heat transfer aspects of renewable energy gadgets and their actual applications. Various renewable energy systems are described and their fundamental analyses are described.This book contained seventeen chapters and provides state of art of renewable energy systems and their applications. The opening chapter of this book highlighted the different energy sources and current renewable energy scenario in India. Energy and exergy analysis approach iscovered in second chapter. Subsequent chapters cover the heat transfer, solar radiation computation solar thermal, solar drying and photovoltaic, heating and cooling of building, bioenergy, hydro power, OTEC, MHD, and energy economic assessment. Solved numerical problem in relevant chapter are also included for better understanding.This book will be valuable to undergraduate and post graduate engineering students, researchers, and others interested in the field of renewable energy.

In the present book, provides rare information of a series of underutilized and underexploited wild plants growing in diverse environments and having richness in nutrients in one form or the other, protein, amino acids, vitamins or micro nutrients. Each plant species has been spelt out in detail with its local and scientific names, ecology, botanical description, type of part in use, nature of nutrient(s) present and preparations made from it. Some non-traditional preparations of domesticated plants has also been described keeping their potential nutritional value.The book will be useful to a variety of readers such as students and teachers of Botany, Agriculture, Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Nutritionists, general public besides spreading awareness about availability of cheap nutritious food resources among key target groups including women, children and tribals.

Food safety and quality is a matter of international significance and a responsibility of food processors and governments in the global food supply chain. Technological interventions in food quality analysis and safety detection are advancing at tremendous rates. A comprehensive documentation to create awareness, to implement strategies and to fill up the void in research and development in safety of foods of plant and animal origin is a long standing demand of scientific and industrial communities. In this context, it is essential that the current procedures and protocols in the areas of safety and quality analysis/detection be made available in an easy to read format for the benefit of the students, analysts and researchers. The disciplinary background of the contributors range from Food Engineering, Post-harvest Technology, Food technology, Food Microbiology, Meat Technology, Veterinary Public health, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Food Packaging and Quality management, to Community science. It covers the most common and new techniques in safety and quality analysis while addressing the relevant food safety and quality issues. Besides compiling the safety aspects of various food products viz: cereals, fruits and vegetables, milk, meat, fish, water, bakery and confectionery, this book also documents the rules, regulation and certification associated with food industry. We are sure this book will be a good reading material for academia and industry in food processing sector.

This book is a platform for anyone who wishes to explore Artificial Intelligence in the field of agriculture from scratch or broaden their understanding and its uses. This book offers a practical, hands-on exploration of Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, deep Learning, computer vision and Expert system with proper examples to understand. This book also covers the basics of python with example so that any anyone can easily understand and utilize artificial intelligence in agriculture field. This book is divided into two parts wherein first part talks about the artificial intelligence and its impact in the agriculture with all its branches and their basics. The second part of the book is purely implementation of algorithms and use of different libraries of machine learning, deep learning and computer vision to build useful and sightful projects in real time which can be very useful for you to have better understanding of artificial intelligence. After reading this book, the reader will an understanding of what Artificial Intelligence is, where it is applicable, and what are its different branches, which can be useful in different scenarios. The reader will be familiar with the standard workflow for approaching and solving machine-learning problems, and how to address commonly encountered issues. The reader will be able to use Artificial Intelligence to tackle real-world problems ranging from crop health prediction to field surveillance analytics, classification to recognition of species of plants etc.

The present book is an attempt to give an understanding of the basic concepts and practical approach of the Cytology and Genetics. It covers all the spheres regarding cytology and genetics like information on microscope, cell division, Mendelian principle of heredity, linkage and their detection, gene mapping through recombination, multiple alleles, gene interaction and probability. The practical outlined in this manual will benefit the students and teachers of Biological and Agricultural Sciences.

Soil, plant and water tests are the scientific way to ascertaining the soil health water quality for irrigation and balance nutrition to the crop. The vegetables being short duration and high photosynthetic efficient crop needs nutrient supply at very high rate as compared to other field crops. Soil and plant tests for this crop needs special care in deciding critical ranges/stages and balanced fertilizations. Manual on soil, plant and water analysis and nutrient management in vegetables crop including development of methods, calibration and interpretation of results of soil, plant and water tests has been compiled in this book for ready use by vegetables growers/workers.

The book carries documents contributed by faculty members from all across the country on emerging disease threat, design effective management strategies through various conventional and modern approaches. The chapters in the book provide a current and detailed account of biotic and abiotic constraints that affect the crops, with comprehensive coverage of occurrence, distribution, economic importance, symptoms of biotic and abiotic constraints, disease cycle, epidemiology and sustainable disease management strategies.

We live in the world where nothing is difficult, if there is market. There is therefore the dilemma of want and need. Technology wants, what life wants. Using technologies, it seems, it is possible to do anything and produce anything. The centre of gravity of engineering profession is shifting. The world wants confident engineers who can foresee and manage the unknown and unexpected problems. Engineers are expected to understand global issues, and the nuances of working in a culturally diverse space. They are expected to appreciate, more than before, the human dimensions of emerging technologies. There are many questions, such as - Do I take pride in designing a thing and manufacturing it, as I take pride in packaging it? Are we cultivating the right kind of engineering mindset? What a general engineering toolkit must contain? Are there enough challenging jobs in the manufacturing industry to attract good engineers? Is it right to allow the creation of future elites who have augmented themselves with artificial intelligence and genetic engineering, without inventing a way to manage their superhuman abilities? Can there be better engineering than life itself? Should we be optimistic about the future of technology? Are we working harder than we are required to work? Can technology improve work-life balance? Is the society ready to accept the exponential development challenges? These, and many such issues are the concerns of science, engineering, technology and society. This book is an attempt to deliberate upon these issues for the welfare of humankind.

The book "Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emission" in Agriculture presents the principles, practices along with key messages on different relevant issues on climate change and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in agriculture. Chapters also contain probable questions and few solved problems. It is primarily intended for use as text book at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, but it can also be used by researchers of environmental sciences and allied disciplines. The other important feature of the book is that techniques of GHGs measurements at field level with examples are presented which could be useful for practical studies. The book should give students a good foundation in climate change studies and inspire them to take up further studies in the advanced area of environmental sciences.

The information compiled in the form of this book will serve as a source of valuable information on the wild edible fruits of India along with their nutritional, medicinal and other uses. Considering the importance of these fruits and their declining genetic resources, necessary protection and conservation measures can be adopted to protect them from extinction and retain the ecosystem for their survival.

This book covers most of the topics with latest information on stem cell in general and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research in particular. The book is divided into 17 chapters covering almost all aspect of stem cell technology including definition of different types of stem cells, isolation of MSC from different animals, culture and characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell, osteoinduction potential of MSC, protocol for isolation of bone marrow derived MSC, fat derived MSC, embryonic stem cells (ESC), protocol for MSC passaging. This book also includes different research findings on application of bioengineered stem cell technologies in skin wound healing, burn wound healing, critical bone defect healing, large bone defect healing, corneal wound healing and in liver regeneration. The main objective of this book is to provide the latest information to meet the requirements of not only undergraduate and post graduates research scholars but also to the teachers, biologists and clinician involved in animal treatment and research. With more than 150 good quality colour photographs of stem cell isolation, stem cell culture, stem cell morphology, stem cell characteristics and stem cell application in different surgical interventions.

The purpose of the book 'Postharvest Plant Pathology' is to provide its readers recent developments and updated comprehensive information on postharvest pathogens & diseases of major crops. This book explicates the fundamental aspects of postharvest diseases of crops and is conveniently divided into ten chapters, providing the latest information on the concept & types of postharvest diseases, economically significant postharvest pathogens & diseases of major crops, factors governing postharvest diseases, storage conditions, food safety issues, quiescence in post harvest pathogens, detailed & recent information on major mycotoxins, various approaches of postharvest disease management, integrated management strategies, biochemical & molecular aspects of postharvest diseases, apart from which, an exclusive chapter for discussing the postharvest nematode diseases and their management is also furnished. Impressive diagrams at appropriate places, convincing tables and suitable graphs / illustrations have been furnished. A bibliography providing the list of references cited has also been included. This book is first of its kind that covers the syllabus prescribed by the Indian Council of Agricultural and Research, New Delhi for postharvest plant pathology course for Undergraduate or Postgraduate degree programmes at various Agricultural and Horticultural Universities The information presented in this book, reflecting an extensive literature search, will be useful for teachers, researchers, students in several departments including Plant Pathology, Microbiology, Food Technology, Postharvest technology, Environmental Sciences, officials of the State Departments of Horticulture & Agriculture, personnel of Commercial Production Centers, Plant Quarantine, Certification agencies and Policy planners who are concerned with the production and supply of horticultural and agricultural produce of high quality and acceptable for human consumption.

Potato is a predominant vegetable in India and across the world however, the proportion of potato used/ wasted due to various reasons is expected to change in the medium and long term scenario. In future, potato has to emerge from just a vegetable to a serious food security option. Considering limited availability of cultivable land in the country higher potato production has to be led by growth in productivity. The main focus will be to improve quality of potato as desired by the industry as well as potato consumers in the era of economic development, higher purchasing power and willingness to pay more for the desired quality. Research on improved post-harvest practices will be targeted as another vital component. This book in its 20 chapters elaborates the latest scientific knowledge and technological achievements for development of potato in sub-tropics and also suggests the future strategies for likely adoption. It is our sincere belief that it would act as a compendium of potato research in the country and similar regions and researchers, students and other stakeholders will benefit from the compiled information in a big way.

The book is in simple languages with ability to provide extensive knowledge about cultivation, purification, handling and bio-banking of different classes of anaerobes including the obligate, facultative, aero-tolerant and micro-aerophillic is very much essential. The aim of preparation of current book is to provide the state-of-the-art knowledge about anaerobes and anaerobic process to undergraduate, graduate and PhD students. Information like cultivation, handling, preservation and various important process related to anaerobes like biomethanation, anaerobic methanotrophy, solid waste management, anaerobic biohydrogen and biobutanol production, anaerobic nitrogen treatment, anaerobic solid waste management. Complete section like anaerobic probiotic, anaerobes and human gut microbiology and anaerobes and human infection. Chapters on role of anaerobes in animal rumen and food digestion. Will serve its aim to satisfy the hunger of knowledge about anaerobes and anaerobic process for the UG, PG and PhD students of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Science and biochemistry background.

The book "The Plant Mildews" includes 24 chapters. 11 chapters are on downy mildews of various crop plants with 55 downy mildew diseases while 13 chapters are on powdery mildew diseases of various crops with 92 powdery mildew diseases. The mildew diseases around the world included in the book are 147 with detailed information on each mildew disease including pathogen responsible, its host range, geographical distribution, disease symptoms, epidemic and losses, disease cycle, weather parameters and disease forecasting, and disease managements. This is the only book on mildews of crop plants which include both downy mildew and powdery mildew diseases and will be useful for researcher, students, extension workers and farming communities.

This textbook "Communication Technologies in Agriculture" will be a comprehensive book with 24 chapters which covers the old wisdom and also the new horizons in innovations and trends in Agricultural Extension for all those who are associated with Agricultural Extension as a student, scholar, researcher and practitioner.This book would serve to the information needs of all the stake holders in the change process. More fittingly, the Under Graduate students of Agriculture and Horticulture and Post Graduate students of Agricultural Extension, Mass Communication and Rural Development who would use it for enriching their theoretical requirements.

As far back as 1873, experiments were carried out to see whether the electric trolley system applied to omnibuses could be adapted to ploughing and tilling fields. In 1913, 1,600 "trolley/cable ploughs were in use across Germany. The arrival of the gasoline tractor relegated the use of electricity to electroculture, short haul farm machinery and lawn mowers. But it is only with the availability of the lithium-ion battery during the last decade, that electrically powered drones and more recently tractors and earth movers are being seen as the way ahead. In this, the sixth in his seminal electric transport history series, Kevin Desmond portrays the lives of the innovative engineers who perfected these e-tractors and agricultural drones

This book deals comprehensively in all important aspects of animal genetics and breeding, nutrition and livestock management. In this book I don't pretend to claim credit for any original contribution on the subject rather than it should be viewed as a concise collection of various important topics. This book has been divided into 3 sections dealing with animal genetics and breeding, animal nutrition, livestock production and management, respectively.

The book covers updated information written in simple, lucid language, easily understandable by readers and summarizes the knowledge of insects and other pests of stored grains and grain products covering global scenario. Every chapter covers wider aspects of related work, storage requirement to prevent the losses of food grains at post harvest handling and at other levels too, different types of storage techniques and prevalent rural and improved storage structures and receptacles, storage pests (insects, mites, birds, rodents, microorganisms etc.), fumigants and their use, safety measures against poisoning, management of stored grain pests etc. The revised edition gives the readers the vast knowledge about the progress made in different aspects of storage entomology. The book will serve as the valuable source of information on the storage entomology and would be of great importance for its readers. The book has good number of MCQ's at the end of the book to help students along with colour images of insects and pests to easily identify them.

The book is basically intended to accompany a course in cytogenetics students of Genetics and Plant Breeding . Students are presumed to have knowledge of basics in genetics, cytology and plant breeding but in the present book with the help of diagrams and explanations it has been attempted that even a beginner could grasp the core elements of the subject.The book has been strictly organized on the basis of course curriculum being taught in Universities. All the topics covered in the book have been ordered in a crisp and comprehensible manner avoiding complexities of a traditional textbook since it is a simply a guide book to supplement but not supplant the main texts.

In any agricultural country, various types of agricultural commodities are produced in large quantities and to handle such quantities during harvest, post-harvest, processing and transportation, various types of equipment are required. To design particular equipment or determining the behaviour of the product for its handling, physical properties such as size, shape, surface area, volume, density, porosity are very important. Various types of cleaning, grading and separation equipment are designed on the basis of physical properties of seeds such as size, shape, specific gravity etc. The book will provide a fundamental understanding of engineering properties of agricultural produce and the knowledge of engineering properties are combined with engineering knowledge. Each chapter in the book will be helpful for the students to understand the relationship between engineering properties of raw, semi-finished and processed food to obtain products with desired shelf-life and quality. This book discusses basic definitions, principles of engineering properties and their measurement methods with research findings. It will be helpful to the students for their self-study and to gain information how to analyze experimental data to generate practical information. It will also be helpful for students who deal with engineering properties in their research. Methods to measure these properties are also explained in details.

The present book entitled "Plant Breeding and Genetics" deals with basic principles of plant breeding and genetics and is intended to serve as a text book for undergraduate students of B. Sc. Agriculture/B. Sc. Horticulture/B. Sc. Forestry/B. Sc. Fisheries/B. V. Sc. and A. H./B. Sc. Biotechnology/B. Sc. Biology. Since several chapters especially those dealing with statistical and biotechnological applications overlap considerably in plant breeding and genetics, this combined book will serve the needs of students undergoing a course in undergraduate genetics and/or plant breeding. Each chapter starts with definition and explanation of key terms, dwells upon the core issues of the chapter, using solved numerical problems and illustrations, wherever needed. At the beginning, there is a comprehensive glossary which is updated with modern developments. The book will be quite handy to UG students and even PG students will find it useful for understanding fundamentals of plant breeding and genetics.

Soil Physical Analysis is written for Bachelor and Master Students to learn and perform soil physical analysis in how-to-do-it manner. It will also be useful for teachers, researchers and extension functionaries working in the field of soil science. This handbook includes 20 chapters containing standard procedures for the soil sampling, determination/ measurement of particle size distribution (texture), density (bulk & particle), compatibility, component phases, aggregate analysis, crust strength, consistency, porosity, water retention and characteristics, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, aeration and temperature of soils, glossary of soil physical terminologies and basics of soil profile and soil orders.