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The second edition of this pathbreaking, highly innovative comparative study in state-building by a major political scientist is a fully updated examination of the problems of making democratic government work. Sartori begins by assessing electoral systems. He attacks the conventional wisdom that their influence cannot be predicted and also disputes the view that proportional representation is always best and will deliver 'consensus democracy'. He argues that the double-ballot formulas deserve more consideration for their ability to facilitate governability in adverse circumstances. His comparative assessment of presidential and semi-presidential systems and the variety of formulas that are categorized, sometimes misleadingly, as parliamentary, looks at the conditions that allow a political form to perform as intended. He concludes with a detailed proposal for a new type of government: alternating presidentialism. This meets the need for strong parliamentary control and efficient government, with safeguards against both parliamentary obstructionism and government by decree, and so could help to avoid political paralysis in Latin America, in the post-communist countries of Europe and in countries with dysfunctional parliamentary systems such as Italy and Israel.

The recent revival of democracy across much of the globe, and the fragility of many of the new regimes, has inspired renewed interest in the origins of dictatorship and democracy in modern times. Assembling renowned specialists on Eastern and Western Europe, the U.S., Latin America and Japan, "The Social Construction of Democracy" explores the reasons for the success and failure of democracies over the past 100 years. With its sharp portraits of nations on four continents, George Reid Andrews and Herrick Chapman shed light on the historical process by which state institutions and social movements interact to create political systems based on the principle of popular sovereignty.

The modern city is the nexus of culture, politics, and art. Despite the manifold problems cities face, more and more Americans are abandoning rural areas and relocating to urban centers. By the year 2000, 4 out of 5 Americans will live within one hour of a major city. What has prompted this emphasis on the city? Chronicling the rise of the modern city, "Metropolis" draws from the work of such renowned social thinkers as Georg Simmel, Lewis Mumford, Walter Benjamin, Richard Sennett, and Herbert Gans, to illustrate how and why we have come to be an urban society and what the future holds for the American city. Each of the five sections (on modernity and the urban ethos; New York City; community and social bonds in the city; social relations and public places; and the role of space, race, class, and politics in the American city) is prefaced by an introduction by the editor, highlighting the issues under discussion.

In his foreword to Controversies in Psychoanalytic Method, Daniel Stern writes:"Andre Haynal gives us a perspective on the history of psychoanalysis, and much more, in this mult-faceted and remarkable book. Several stories and lines of enquiry are woven together. There is the story of the Budapest school of psychoanalysis and its impact. Within and around that story there are accounts of the lives and works of Ferenczi and Baliniwho provided the core of the Budapest school." "And this brings us to the great controversy that began between Freud and Ferenczi, and was continued in the work of Baliant.Haynal describes this controversy in terms of the initial form it took; a disagreement about experimenting with technique, and Ferenczi's pjlacing the analytic situation more squarely at the centre of the enquiry...But most valuable of all, he then elaborates upon the full implications of the controversy, and we discover this split to be at the heart of the major questions still at issue in psychoanalysis: Emphasis on technique vs. on metaphsychology; direct experience vs. insight; process vs. content; the patient's subjectivity vs. the 'scientific' theory; empathy vs. interpretation; a psychology of one person (the patient) vs. a psychology of two people, the patient-therapist dyad; transference-coutnertransference and the 'real' relationship."

To followers of Islam, the Qur'an is the literal word of God, revealed through Muhammad, the last of the line of prophets, containing all that is necessary to lead a life of righteousness.This new bilingual edition, approved by Al-Azhar University, the chief center of Islamic and Arabic learning in the world, offers a comprehensive and accurate rendering of the Qur'an into modern English. The clear, rigorous translation, one of the only English translations available by a native Arabic speaker, is laid out here in dual column format directly opposing the Arabic text to allow the reader to make careful verse by verse comparisons.- approved by Al-Azhar University, Cairo- easy-to-read translation into modern English- index of surahs (chapters)- English and Arabic headers- verse numbers within text in English and Arabic- explanatory footnotes in English

While the Second World War produced numerous acts of self-sacrifice, it also made many people rich. The criminal activities of the British underworld that extended from the civilian population right through to the armed forces constitute one of the great untold stories of the war. The Blitz of 1940 may have made a nation of heroes, but in the shadows the shelter gangs and looters prowled. Acclaimed author Donald Thomas draws on extensive archival material for these tales of profiteering. He retells how between 1940 and 1941 a Liverpool ship repairer cheated the government of the modern equivalent of $30 million, while $120 million a month was looted from relief supplies at the port of Trieste. Professional gangs raided British government offices for ration books, and underground presses counterfeited gasoline and clothing coupons by the tens of thousands. Illegal food supplies threatened the nation's health--a consignment of black market sausages in Hackney contained tuberculous meat, while the industrial alcohol, or "hooch," served to pilots in London's West End clubs could produce blindness and brain damage. The Enemy Within also recounts colossal theft within the army. Vehicles would arrive at front line railheads stripped of tools, spare parts, and removable components, and whole consignments of cigarettes and razor blades disappeared. In addition to these stories, The Enemy Within includes revealing photos of known law-breakers, victims, and illegal transactions. The facts Thomas uncovers are often so preposterous that in a novel they would seem unbelievable. These are the extraordinary and often absurd stories of less-than-heroic Britons.

A fresh look at the fascinating life and exploits of the famed British soldier, adventure, and writer. Thoroughly illustrated with portraits, photographs, letters in Lawrence's hand and extracts from his writings. Presents a compelling portrait of a remarkable man.

Winston Churchill's key role in the outcome of the Second World War brought him international renown and arguably made him the most important figure in twentieth-century British politics.

Authority is one of the key issues in political studies, for the question of by what right one person or several persons govern others is at the very root of political activity. In selecting key readings for this volume Joseph Raz concerns himself primarily with the moral aspect of political authority, choosing pieces that examine its justification, determine who is subject to it and who is entitled to hold it, and whether there are any general moral limits to it.The readings--by such modern political thinkeres as Robert Paul Wolff, H. L. A. Hart, G. E. M. Anscombe, and Ronald Dworkin--examine the basic moral issues and provide an essential introduction to the debate about the nature of authority for all students of political theory.

Mass Communication Research Methods provides a systematic and comprehensive introduction to the key research methods and approaches used in the study of mass communication and media. Originating from the internationally renowned Leicester Centre for Mass Communication Research, this book offers an indispensable guide for students in a wide range of courses, including communications, media and cultural studies, and other social science disciplines that offer students the opportunity to research mass communication and media issues. Beginning with a clear and cogent discussion of the principles behind good research, including the key question of how to select the right methods for individual research questions, the authors go on to explore in a thorough and systematic fashion a range of different methods and approaches. From the study of media organizations and the practices of media professionals to media content, representations, and audiences, the development and application of each method is described in depth and the steps involved clearly outlined. Examples of research instruments are given where appropriate, and in each case references for further reading are provided. Mass Communication Research Methods is the definitive companion, reference, and source for everyone involved in mass communication research.

Don DeLillo, Paul Auster, Cormac McCarthy, Rolando Hinojosa, E. Annie Proulx, Bret Easton Ellis, Douglas Coupland, and Thomas Pynchon: An Introduction to Contemporary American Fiction introduces the work of a range of key American authors, all of whom can be said to engage with postmodernism. Exploring the vitality and energy of contemporary writing in light of pessimistic proclamations on the state of postmodern American culture, Bilton highlights the tension between "realistic" description and linguistic self-consciousness in contemporary fiction. In addition, by addressing a central problem in literary theory-its neglect of literary discussion and the practice of reading-An Introduction to Contemporary American Fiction is able to present a working model for reading a text theoretically. As an introductory text, it assumes no prior knowledge of the authors of the novels discussed. To encourage understanding and aid further study, the following features are included: * GLOSSARY OF CRITICAL AND LITERARY TERMS* BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EACH AUTHOR'S WORKS* BIOGRAPHY OF EACH AUTHOR* GUIDE TO FURTHER READING* THEMATIC AND AUTHOR INDICES

Though they are intimately related, most textbooks cover either religious studies or theology, leaving students lacking in exposure to one or the other of these associated disciplines. Religious Studies and Theology: An Introduction offers a comprehensive introduction to both subjects in one inclusive volume. The text is written in an accessible style and is meant for beginning students and all those interested in learning about these fields. It is divided into six sections, including Theories of Religion; World Religions; Biblical Studies; Practical Theology; Systematic Theology; and The Philosophy of Religion. The volume also contains a guide for further reading as well as boxes to explain key terms. Offering thorough and cutting-edge coverage of all aspects of these fields, it is the only introduction to the whole of religious studies and theology in a single-volume format. Contributors: Douglas J. Davies, Seth D. Kunin, Hugh Goddard, Martin A. Mills, Matthew Wood, F. Michael Perko, Paul Ellingworth, Ken Aitken, Helen K. Bond, John Swinton, Henry R. Sefton, Francesca Aran Murphy, and Derek Cross.

Indian Religions is an expansive collection of the key written and oral texts by spiritual teachers from South Asia, covering 3,500 years and all the major traditions--Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, and "new" Indian religions. The volume provides clear translations of extracts from original documents and texts from most of the well-known and many of the lesser-known individuals and traditions. Overlapping parts and sections each comprise a historically and thematically defined stage of a tradition. The reader is thus able to follow the chronological development of the various traditions without isolating them from one another. Each section includes a context-setting introduction which provides historical, cultural, and textual background. A general introduction lays the foundations for the text's theoretical framework and approach. Indian Religions is the most complete and best-organized anthology of Indian religious/spiritual texts published to date. It serves as an introduction to the history of religions in South Asia, and will appeal to readers interested in Indian and Eastern religions as well as students of religion and South Asian culture.

Women and the Colonial Gaze is the first collection to present a broad chronological and geographical examination of the ways in which colonial powers have represented women in colonized native societies, exploring the ways in which both colonizers and colonized have been affected by these perceptions.

In "Slavery and Servitude in Colonial North America," Kenneth Morgan shows how the institutions of indentured servitude and black slavery interacted in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He covers all aspects of the two labor systems, including their impact on the economy, on racial attitudes, social structures and on regional variations within the colonies. Throughout, overriding themes emerge: the labor market in North America, the significance of racial distinctions, supply and demand factors in transatlantic migration and labor, and resistance to bondage.This is an ideal introduction to an area that is crucial for understanding not just Colonial American society but also the later development of the United States.

One of the leading voices in cultural studies today examines the habits of British cinema audiences in the 1930s to reveal the role that cinema played in shaping their lives.

A primer to the study of international relations, this book outlines key theories, traditional approaches, and long-time controversies, focusing on the legacies of imperialism and the accelerating pace of globalization.

A valuable introduction to the central issues in the sociology of the arts, this work draws on sociology, art history, feminism, and literary and media studies, to explain the social nature of the arts, their production, distribution, and reception. This second edition is the result of the author's chapter-by-chapter review and updating, taking into account not only her own re-thinking on these issues but also the work that has been done in cultural studies and the sociology of the arts since the first edition appeared in 1984. Wolff considers changes in sociology, literary studies, and cultural studies, and their implications for the project of the sociology of art: the relevance of post structuralist theory for an understanding of the author/artist; and the current, and perhaps unfounded, rejection of the concept of ideology. The author also assesses the question of cultural politics in relation to debates about postmodernism, as well as the matter of identity politics with regard to gender and ethnicity. Containing a wealth of information about both past and present thinking on the sociology of art, this book will be of particular interest both to students of the arts and students of sociology.

"There is no better time to make a career in international public relations". So says Michael Morley in this vibrantly anecdotal account of the international public relations machine. Part memoir, part guidebook, How to Manage Your Global Reputation distills forty years of experience into lessons for the ages for both neophyte and careerist in the public relations field.Morley takes us into the world of international public relations, examining the strategies and programs of some of the world's prominent organizations, the barriers to international public relations, international media and how to develop a global voice. He discusses the evolution of international public relations practice from its early use to the sophisticated communications practices of global corporations today. Covering such topics as corporate reputation, the global voice, issues identification in management, and crisis and catastrophe communications, this is an essential guide to international public relations for all PR professionals.

A Modern History of the Islamic World provides a clear overview of the ways in which twentieth century modernism affected the societies of the Islamic world and how modernism was developed from an Islamic perspective.

Poetry: An Introduction is an accessible and clearly written introduction to the structural and methodological principles underpinning poetry and its study. It aims to equip the student, researcher, and general reader with a body of technical information that will sharpen and deepen their engagement with individual poems. Strachan and Terry provide a lively map through what might on first experience seem the most daunting aspects of poetry: poetic sound effects, rhythm and meter, the typographic display of poems on the page, the language of poetry, and the use made by poets of techniques of comparison and association. The book's discussion of poetic terminology is allied throughout to illustrative readings that show the usefulness of the terminology in approaching particular poems; its emphasis is always a practical one, demonstrating how poems actually work. Beginning with an historical overview of the development of English poetry from its earliest origins and finishing with an authoritative dictionary of poetical terms, Poetry: An Introduction is an indispensable guide to the understanding of poetry.

In the period of decolonization that followed World War II, a number of scholars, mainly Middle Eastern, launched a sustained assault on Orientalismthe theory and practice of representing the "East" in Western thoughtaccusing its practitioners of misrepresentation, prejudice and bias. An intense debate ensued, involving not only Orientalists but historians, sociologists, anthropologists, literary critics, scholars of cultural studies and gender studies as well as the news media. Orientalism: A Reader provides students, scholars and general readers alike with a selection of key readings from this debate, covering a range of areas including myth, imperialism, the cultural perspective, Marxist interpretation and feminist approaches. The aim is to introduce the origins and character of the debate on Orientalism, providing a useful overview of a controversial and problematic concept from a multidisciplinary perspective. Coverage begins with late 19th-century material from thinkers such as Hegel and Marx, and moves through extracts from Nietzsche, Gramsci and Foucault to contemporary work from, Brian Turner, John Mackenzie and Edward Said. As well as a general introduction, each section and extract is introduced and there is a detailed guide to further reading. Contributors: Anouar Abdel-Malek, Aijaz Ahmad, Sadik Jalal al-'Azm, Fred Dallmayr, Michel Foucault, Francesco Gabrieli, Antonio Gramsci, G.W.F Hegel, Ronald Inden, Richard King, David Kopf, Bernard Lewis, Donald P. Little, L. Lowe, John MacKenzie, Pierre Martino, Karl Marx, Billie Melman, James Mill, B.J. Moore-Gilbert, Friedrich Nietzsche, Sheldon Pollock, Michael Richardson, Edward Said, Stuart Schaar, Raymond Schwab, A.L. Tibawi, Bryan S. Turner and Ernest J. Wilson III.

Beginning with Enver Hoxha's death in 1985. Miranda Vickers and James Pettifer trace the most recent decade of Albania's shaky existence, from the anarchy and chaos of the early nineties to the victory of Democratic Party under Sali Berisha in 1992 and the programs it has pursued in power. The authors provide an analysis of how the moral, religious, economic, political and cultural identity of the Albanian people is being redefined, and leave no doubt that the future of Albania is inextricably linked to the future of the Balkans as a whole.

Contains a selection of 24 primary works, written by women theorists, which address psychoanalysis from its inception to the present. The volume's five sections cover Freud, Klein and object relations, Jung and the Jungians, Lacan and the New French Feminisms, and the post-modernism and post-feminists.

There can be little doubt that the Holocaust was an event of major consequence for the twentieth century. While there have been innumerable volumes published on the implications of the Holocaust for history, philosophy, and ethics, there has been a surprising lack of attention paid to the theoretical and practical effects of the Shoah on biblical interpretation. Strange Fire addresses the implications of the Holocaust for interpretation of the Hebrew Bible, bringing together a diverse and distinguished range of contributors, including Richard Rubenstein, Elie Wiesel, and Walter Brueggemann, to discuss theoretical and methodological considerations emerging from the Shoah and to demonstrate the importance of these considerations in the reading of specific biblical texts. The volume addresses such issues as Jewish and Christian biblical theology after the Holocaust, the ethics of Christian appropriation of Jewish scripture, and the rethinking of biblical models of suffering and sacrifice from a post-Holocaust perspective. The first book of its kind, Strange Fire will establish a benchmark for all future work on the topic.

The most complete one-volume collection of writings by one of the most fascinating thinkers in the history of Marxism, The Antonio Gramsci Reader fills the need for a broad and general introduction to this major figure.Antonio Gramsci was one of the most important theorists of class, culture, and the state since Karl Marx. In the U.S., where his writings were long unavailable, his stature has lately so increased that every serious student of Marxism, political theory, or modern Italian history must now read him.Imprisoned by the Fascists for much of his adult life, Gramsci wrote brilliantly on a broad range of subjects: from folklore to philosophy, popular culture to political strategy. Still the most comprehensive collection of Gramsci's writings available in English, it now features a new introduction by leading Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm, in addition to its biographical introduction, informative introductions to each section, and glossary of key terms.

In India, God can be female. The goddesses of Hinduism and Buddhism represent the largest extant collection of living goddesses anywhere on the planet. Feminists in the West often draw upon South Asian goddesses as theological resources in the contemporary rediscovery of the Goddess. Yet, these goddesses are products of a male supremacist society. What is the impact of powerful female deities--their images, projections, textuality, and history--on the social standing and psychological health of women? Do they empower women, or serve the interests of patriarchal culture? Is the Goddess a Feminist? looks at the goddesses of South Asia to address these questions directly. Not a book about a single goddess or even about a variety of South Asian goddesses, the volume raises questions about images of deities as symbols and the ways in which they function. Contributors discuss contemporary Indian women who have embraced goddesses as spiritually and socially liberating, as well as the seeming contradictions between the power of Indian goddesses and the lives of Indian women. They also explore such topics as the element of male desire in the embodiment of female deities, the question of who speaks for the goddesses, and the politics and theology of Western feminist use of Hindu and Buddhist goddesses as models for their feminist reflections.

In Cinematic Political Thought, Michael J. Shapiro investigates aspects of contemporary politics and articulates a critical philosophical perspective with politically disposed treatments of contemporary cinema. Reading such films as "Hoop Dreams, Lone Star, Father of the Bride II "and "To Live and Die in LA "through the lens of Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault and Lyotard, Shapiro demonstrates what it can mean to think the political both in terms of cinema studies and in wider aesthetic and social contexts.Cinematic Political Thought is a polemical work, aimed at encouraging critical, ethical and political thinking. Its breadth of theoretical scope and empirical reference, and the innovative style of presentation will make it vital reading for anyone with an interest in the conjunction of culture and politics.