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The Bible is harshly opposed to participation by Israelites in the worship of other nations' gods. Was this strict command to the nation of Israel not to worship other deities extended to other nations? Or was it legitimate and acceptable for other nations to worship their own gods just as Israel worshipped the God of the Covenant? In The Nations That Know Thee Not, Robert Goldenberg takes a historical look at attitudes towards foreign religions that are found in Israel's scriptures and in post-Biblical Judaism, and he traces an ambivalent attitude toward foreign religions as it developed through the history of Judaism. How did Jewish outlooks on gentile religions vary so much over time? As Jewish acceptance of paganism grew under rabbinic leadership, did Christianity become heir to other, harsher biblical attitudes toward other religions? Systematically covering the entire range of Jewish literature of antiquity from the Bible through the rabbinic canons, Goldenberg sheds light on the ways in which ancient Jews understood the religious worlds in which they lived.

The status of Russian Jewry has long been a subject of intense international interest. The collapse of the Soviet empire resulted in unprecedented access to historical records and has shed new light on the history of the Jewish people within Russia. Central to this history are the early years of the twentieth century, leading up to the Revolution of 1917.At the turn of the century, Jewish liberals in Russia were pursuing traditional strategies aimed at bolstering the position of their people. Among these were the dissemination of propaganda aimed at enlightening Russian society about the plight of its Jews and the establishment of a legal defense bureau. During the Revolution of 1905, these same liberals stepped up their efforts, aggressively mobilizing and politicizing Russian Jewry and lobbying for legal emancipation in Parliament. After Stolypin's coup d'tat in 1907 and in the years preceding Bolshevik victory, Jewish forces radically changed their focus, opting not just to lobby non-Jewish institutions on the behalf of Jewish interests but to modernize the Jewish community itself. This shift to an inward-looking, organic activism had as its goal the integration of Jews into a modernizing Russian society and economy. As this revisionist history convincingly argues, Jewish political activists, contrary to general perceptions of the era, were therefore significant players in transforming and modernizing Jewish society during the Tsarist era.

During the past two generations, Jewish public thought and discourse has differed dramatically from that of the era between the Emancipation and the Second World War. The chasm of the Holocaust and the watershed establishment of a Jewish state has radically changed the Jewish intellectual landscape. With their two largest concentrations in Israel and the United States, the Jews are no longer a European nation. Above all, the Jews, for the first time since they went into exile, have become free individuals, with the right to choose between the land of their birth and their ancestral homeland in Israel.Are the Jews then a religious community dispersed among other nations? A community of equal citizens of various countries with their own cultural and historical identity? Or are the Jewish people a nation with its own homeland? However one answers this question, the political, socio-economic and cultural ramifications are enormous. Moreover, since world Jewry is now crisscrossed by divisions between religious and secular Jews, between groups of different cultural backgrounds, and between those living in a sovereign Jewish state and those who are citizens of other countries, it is the link between Israel and the Diaspora which confers a collective identity on this multiform entity. Yosef Gorny's central theme is Jewish public thought concerning the identity and essence of the Jewish people from the Holocaust and the establishment of the State of Israel up to the present day. Chapters address such topics as The Zionist Movement in Search of a National Role, The Zionist Movement in Quest of its Ideological Essence, The Intellectuals in Search of a Jewish Identity, The Diminishing Status of Israel as a Jewish State, Revolutionary RadicalismThe Left-Wing Jewish Student Movement, 1967-1973, Neo-Conservative Radicalism, The Alternative Zionism of Gush-Emunim, The Conservative Liberalism, and In Defense of Perpetual Zionist Revolt. Reflecting the collective thinking of Jewish intellectuals, this is a volume of interest to anyone concerned with issues of Jewish identity.

Assesses the battles over Internet regulation that will define the venue's future Who will rule cyberspace? And why should people care? Recently stories have appeared in a variety of news media, from the sensational to the staid, that portray the Internet as full of pornography, pedophilia, recipes for making bombs, lewd and lawless behavior, and copyright violators. And, for politicians eager for votes, or to people who have never strolled the electronic byways, regulating the Net seems as logical and sensible as making your kids wear seat belts. Forget freedom of speech: children can read this stuff. From the point of view of those on the Net, mass-media's representation of pornography on the Internet grossly overestimates the amount that is actually available, and these stories are based on studies that are at best flawed and at worst fraudulent. To netizens, the panic over the electronic availability of bomb-making recipes and other potentially dangerous material is groundless: the same material is readily available in public libraries. Out on the Net, it seems outrageous that people who have never really experienced it are in a position to regulate it. How then, should the lines be drawn in the grey area between cyberspace and the physical world? In net.wars, Wendy Grossman, a journalist who has covered the Net since 1992 for major publications such as Wired, The Guardian, and The Telegraph, assesses the battles that will define the future of this new venue. From the Church of Scientology's raids on Net users to netizens attempts to overthrow both the Communications Decency Act and the restrictions on the export of strong encryption, net.wars explains the issues and the background behind the headlines. Among the issues covered are net scams, class divisions on the net, privacy issues, the Communications Decency Act, women online, pornography, hackers and the computer underground, net criminals and sociopaths, and more. Full text online version at www.nyupress.org/netwars.

The shocking assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 propelled the memory of the slain president to a revered status. Naturally enough, the public came to terms with the tragedy in Dallas by investing the chief executive's life with Lincolnesque significance--a moral importance transcending politics. Traditionally, historians have accentuated either the positive "Camelot" or the negative "counter-Camelot" view of JFK. Measured appreciation became adulation and criticism evolved into vilification. Bringing together leading Kennedy scholars with a group of younger historians, Mark J. White demonstrates that both versions of JFK are unsatisfying caricatures, lacking subtlety and nuance. Using recently declassified documents, Kennedy examines many of the key issues surrounding the president's time in the White House: Vietnam, the Cuban missile crisis, the Berlin issue, the space race, relations with de Gaulle, and trade policy. Rejecting the idolatry and bitterness evident in so many previous works on JFK, the volume presents a compelling reappraisal of the Kennedy presidency.

Few things are as essential to our lives-and as apparently unfathomable-as our memories. As Jane Austen's heroine Fanny Price remarks in Mansfield Park, "if any one faculty of our nature may be called more wonderful than the rest, I do think it is memory . . . sometimes so retentive and so serviceable, so obedient-and at others so bewildered and so weak." In Memory, David Samuel draws on a lifetime of scientific research to produce an informative and wide-ranging view of the subject. He examines how memory has been investigated in the past and what modern studies of brain structure and function can tell us about it. He then goes on to discuss long-term, short-term, and working memory, the limits to and normal loss of memory, the effects of alcohol, drugs and anxiety, Alzheimer's, and both deliberate and unintentional fraud in "tricks of memory." While exploring the future of memory research, he also addresses the age-old questions of how to improve our memory and why certain people, such as diplomats, actors and doormen, have such good memories.

While the dissident movements of Eastern Europe were abandoning communism in pursuit of visions of liberal democracy, the East German movement continued to struggle for reform within the communist movement. In East German Dissidents and the Revolution of 1989, Christian Joppke explains this anomaly in compelling narrative detail. He argues that the peculiarities of German history and culture prevented the possibility of a national opposition to communism. Lured by the regime's proclaimed antifascism, East German dissidents had to remain in a paradoxical way loyal to the opposed regime. The definitive study of East German opposition, Joppke's work also presents an overview of opposition in communist systems in general, providing both a model of social movements within Leninist regimes and a balance to current revisionist histories of the GDR. East German Dissidents and the Revolution of 1989 will be of interest to scholars and students of social movements, revolution, German politics and society, the East European transformation, and communist systems.

Throughout the Stalin era and after, the Gulag system of forced labor blighted the Soviet Union. Millions were incarcerated in its camps, some to be eventually released, many to die imprisoned and faceless. For decades, histories of the camp system have relied on the experiences of those who suffered within them for their main source of information. Though these accounts have been supplemented with officially sanctioned Soviet publications, the details of the forced labor system have for decades remained hidden by state secrecy. But with the collapse of the Soviet empire, the archives of the Gulag are now opening. Drawing on the archival records kept by Gulag authorities themselves, The Gulag at War traces the development of this system in the Soviet Union from 1920 through 1960. The volume describes the state's perceptions of the camps and their tasks and addresses long-held questions concerning the motives behind the system. Specific attention is given to the World War II years; the information found in the archives shows the importance of forced labor to Soviet, and therefore Allied, victory. The Gulag at War offers a close investigation of different aspects of camp life during this time, supplying data concerning the numbers and backgrounds of the prisoners, the economic tasks and achievements, the camp conditions, and the effectiveness of camp security which have previously been unavailable.

This book examines the connection between print and culture in the nineteenth century, identifying a neglected and important body of Victorian criticism. Subjugated Knowledges explores the relations of certain forms of nineteenth-century printed texts to their modes of production and to each other, in their own time period and in ours. Brake claims that there is a high degree of interdependence among literature, history, and journalism. She investigates the ways in which space is designated male or female as well as the way authorship is constructed in various forms of biography, including in such diverse forms as obituaries and dictionaries. The book moves from a general mapping of the relations between literature and journalism and their respective formations to studies of individual textssuch as Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Woman's World, and the Dictionary of National Biography and of relations between (the construction of) authorship and publishing history. The volume is comprised of three sections: Literature and Journalism, Gendered Space, and Biography and Authorship. The first section contains chapters on such diverse issues as the professionalization of critics, cultural formation of journals, new journalism, press censorship, and decadence. The second section discusses women's magazines of the 1880s and 90s, while the third examines debates in the press about biography.

The signing of the September 1993 Israel-PLO agreement, one of the twentieth century's most dramatic political events, coincided almost to the day with the twentieth anniversary of the October 1973 war. While the precise timing was coincidental, the relationship between the two events is crucial. The 1973 war ironically marked the beginning of an era in which a long diplomatic effort could finally bridge the passionately intense Arab-Israeli conflict. From War to Peace reveals new first-hand material gleaned through personal involvement at a high political level. It examines the initial warfare, the peace process, and the final breakthrough through the eyes of participants and close observers of these events and reveals the diplomatic and military stratagems they pursued. The contributors explore a number of controversial issues, including whether the 1973 war was avoidable, why peace could not have been concluded sooner, and how the chief parties have changed during this period. The book also looks to the future, explaining Israel and PLO strategies, U.S. and Russian involvement, and the potential for broadening the peace to include additional Arab states.

Dealing with issues pivotal to Jewish law theory, this volume offers English-language readers a concise presentation of an important legal tradition. This volume touches on theological concerns of Judaism and the law, but it focuses on broader trends in legal theory. essays address the philosophy of law and jurisprudential analysis which have contributed to modern legal systems.

Aphra Behn (1640-89) was a popular poet, author of the influential novel Oroonoko, and one of the most successful dramatists of the Restoration theater. Behn led an unusually active and eventful life for a woman of her era, traveling widely--to Surinam in 1663 and to Antwerp in 1666, where Charles II sent her as a spy during the Anglo-Dutch war. Returning to England she spent some time in a debtor's prison and subsequently devoted herself to writing, publishing numerous poems and almost twenty plays between 1670 and 1689. Because of the overtly political nature of her work, much of Behn's writing appeared anonymously and in many different versions. The Poetry of Aphra Behn is the first accessible reprinting of Aphra Behn's verses since the seventeenth century. Encompassing the entirety of her oeuvre, from satirical writings to songs, love poems, and verse epistles, the book is a testament to the life and mind of a remarkable woman.

Moving Beyond Boundaries makes a major contribution to our understanding of under-represented literatures by expanding our knowledge about the issues, experiences, and concerns of black women writing in different communities and in a wide range of geographic contexts. It is unique in the fact that it focuses, not only on African-American women's literature, but on black women's writing from around the world. Covering writers from Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Europe, and such well-known authors as Zora Neale Hurston, Nadine Gordimer, and bell hooks, Moving Beyond Boundaries contains both creative and critical writings. Volume two considers the area of critical writing as critical conversation, allowing writer and critic to speak with each other in the creation of the critical voice.

What compels us to look at shocking photographs or, alternatively, to look away? Should the media use disturbing images to inform, at the risk of offending? How is our sense of politics, morality, and culture affected when we are exposed to gruesome images of accidents and disasters, murder and execution, grief and death? In Body Horror, John Taylor addresses these questions by examining how the media presents unsettling pictures, especially those of dead and injured "foreigners." Drawing on recent experiences in the Gulf, Bosnia and Rwanda, Taylor argues that documentary photography, for all the horror it reproduces, ultimately defines a democracy. Fully aware of the voyeuristic aspects of photojournalism, Taylor probes the difficulty of applying moral imperatives when separating the utility of showing images of suffering and violence from the risk of either insulting or gratifying public sensibilities. A compelling documentary of photography's cultural and political power, Body Horror analyzes the moral responsibility attached to publishing and bearing witness to photographs of violence, and the historical amnesia that arises when such imagery remains unseen.

One of the longest-standing and most intractable problems in contemporary international politics, the Cyprus question continues to plague the international community. Isle of Discord sketches the post-war origins of the Cyprus problem from the first drive toward internationalization to the outbreak of armed struggle against the British colonial regime-to show how the potential for a peaceful resolution of the conflict was repeatedly and fatefully squandered. Strategically located at the hub of three continents, the island of Cyprus has been a bone of contention between Greek and Turkish nationalists-and consequently between U.S., British, and U. N. policymakers. Detailing the central role of the nationalist Enosis movement, of the U.N., and of insidious factionalism in the area, Stefanidis brings new insight to this undertreated period of Cypriot history through U.S., British, and Greek records not before used. A timely profile of this legacy of modern diplomatic history, Isle of Discord identifies the various forces, competing interests, and partisan pressures that helped shape the Cyprus problem.

Kimberley Reynolds and Nicola Humble here provide a radical revision of Victorian constructions of femininity. Using a wide range of textual examples (including children's literature, sensations fiction, diaries, and autobiography) as well as visual illustrations, Victorian Heroines offers a new look at the representation of women and sexuality in nineteenth-century literature and painting. Arguing against the conventional dyadic model that interprets Victorian fiction in terms of a rigid distinction between the good and bad, the sexual and asexual woman, the authors suggest a more complex paradigm, simultaneously concealing and revealing contradictory attitudes to Victorian womanhood. The book explores the highly erotic fantasy elements frequently found in widely disseminated orthodox female images, and effectively demonstrates how both male and female writers used similar techniques to subvert this orthodoxy. Drawing on contemporary critical and cultural theories, Victorian Heroines is a lucid and accessible analysis of the depiction of women during this period, challenging the prevalent views of recent decades.

Donald Woods Winnicott started his career as a pediatrician and later became a psychoanalyst and child psychiatrist. His legacy includes some of the most highly regarded books in the literature on child care and development. Alexander Newman's book provides an accessible, in-depth and comprehensive analysis, the result of twenty years work. This companion to Winnicott provides a glossary of terms commonly referred to in Winnicott's writings in alphabetical order for the reader's convenience, making it a valuable reference and teaching tool. Offering a stunning opportunity to travel into worlds of great imaginative interest, Non Compliance in Winnicott's Words is sure to be of interest to those studying early emotional development and the world of D.W. Winnicott.

This Major Reference series brings together a wide range of key international articles in law and legal theory. Many of these essays are not readily accessible, and their presentation in these volumes will provide a vital new resource for both research and teaching. Each volume is edited by leading international authorities who explain the significance and context of articles in an informative and complete introduction.

This collection surveys the literature relevant to law and anthropology. It also brings together attempts by western scholars to understand non-western forms of jurisprudence in their own terms, and illustrates diverse non-western approaches to law.

The purpose of this volume is to provide the reader with a broad range of texts which will aid reflection upon issues relating to law and religion. These texts present a diversity of ideological and scholarly responses to the questions related to the relationship of law and religion in modern societies.

This Major Reference series brings together a wide range of key international articles in law and legal theory. Many of these essays are not readily accessible, and their presentation in these volumes will provide a vital new resource for both research and teaching. Each volume is edited by leading international authorities who explain the significance and context of articles in an informative and complete introduction.

The essays Professor Summers has brought together in this book consist of various authentic and representative formulations and applications of the dominant general theory of law and its use in the United States during the middle decades of the 20th century. The book includes a number of major contributions that are critical of that theory. The contributors are: The path of the law, Oliver Wendell Homes Jr. Force and coercion; Logical method and law, John Dewey. The need of a sociological jurisprudence; Mechanical jurisprudence; The possibility of a measure of values, Roscoe Pound. What is the law, Joseph W. Binham. A return to stare decisis, Herman Oliphant. A realistic jurisprudence-the next step; The normative, the legal, and the law-jobs: the problem of juristic method, K.N. Lewellyn. The problems of a functional jurisprudence, Felix S. Cohen. The causes of popular dissatisfaction with the administration of justice, Roscoe Pound. The judiciality of minimum-wage legislation, Thomas Red Powell. An institutional approach to the law of commercial banking, Underhill Moore and Theodore S. Hope Jr. Through title to contract and a bit beyond, K.N. Llewellyn. Williston on contracts; The logical and legal bases of the conflict of laws, Walter Wheeler Cook. American legal realism, L.L. Fuller. Legal rules: their function in the process of decision, John Dickenson. Some rationalism about realism, Hermann Kantorwicz. Pragmatic instumentalism in twentieth century American legal thought-a synthesis and critique of our dominant general theory about law and its use.

Most of us take our mental health for granted. But when confronted by mental illness in our family, our friends, or ourselves, even the most competent among us is likely to become bewildered. Understanding Troubled Minds provides a calm and authoritative guide to the full range of specific mental illnesses and available treatments. It deals with particular patterns of illness in women, children, and the elderly. It stresses the value of partnership among psychiatrists, patients, and their families. And it places this knowledge within the framework of modern psychiatry-from the history of the profession to just what it is that psychiatrists and fellow health-workers do, and how they can help. A sense of hope and optimism prevails within these pages. The authors, both eminent psychiatrists with long practical experience, stress that great strides are being made in the treatment of mental illness. But they also warn against the lure of the instant cure. Acknowledging the complexity of human nature, they weave the stories of real people and the insights of many writers throughout their text. Balanced, up-to-date, thoroughly readable, and humanistic, this book will both increase our practical knowledge and deepen our understanding of mental illness.

America's relationship with Japan recently passed its 140th anniversary. Over that period, hundreds of books and thousands of articles have explored different issues or periods of the relationship. Yet within that vast library, no book has analyzed the entire relationship from the beginning to the present. In Power Across the Pacific, William R. Nester fills this void, analyzing both the geopolitical phase of America's relationship with Japan (1853-1945) and its geoeconomic phase, from 1945 to the present day. William R. Nester systematically untangles the interrelated perceptions, convergent and divergent national interests, and shifting power relations that have shaped relations between the two countries. Along the way he identifies the key foreign policy figures for both countries, revealing the ways in which domestic and international interests on both sides affected their interactions. Power Across the Pacific can serve both as a definitive study of the history of U.S.-Japanese relations, as well as a reference for particular periods within that history.

This Major Reference series brings together a wide range of key international articles in law and legal theory. Many of these essays are not readily accessible, and their presentation in these volumes will provide a vital new resource for both research and teaching. Each volume is edited by leading international authorities who explain the significance and context of articles in an informative and complete introduction.

Examines the politics and economics of Iran before the twentieth century Iran before 1906 is a fascinating example of a pre-capitalist society. Was Iran, in the centuries before the constitutional revolution of 1906, an essentially feudal society? Or was it a despotic Asiatic one? In this illuminating portrait of politics and society in Qajar Iran, Abbas Vali examines these, and other, questions to develop new concepts for the analysis of state and social relations in pre-capitalist Iran. The first theoretical history of Qajar Iran, the volume contains chapters on Marxism and the historiography of pre-capitalist Iran; economic concepts of feudal rent; political authority, sovereignty, and property ownership in medieval political discourse; and the organization of agrarian production in pre-capitalist Iran. How can Iranian society prior to the constitutional revolution of 1906 be characterized? In this book, the first theoretical history of its kind, Vali takes as his starting point the long-standing debate among historians and social scientists over this central issue. He critically assesses the work of those scholars who have argued that pre-twentieth century Iranian institutions were essentially feudal, and those who have proposed an alternative conceptualization of Iran as an Asiatic society. Since this controversy takes place within the framework of a comparative study of Iranian and West European histories, the book also examines the works of high social theory from which it derives--those of Marx, Weber, Wittfogel, Anderson, Balibar, Hindess and Hirst, Mann, and others. Finally, Vali uses his critiques to develop new concepts for the analysis of state and social relations in pre-capitalist Iran.

Paul Davidson is one of America's most prolific academic economists. Editor of the Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics and holder of the Holly chair of Excellence at the University of Tennessee, Professor Davidson has written broadly over thirty years on topics as diverse as income distribution, oil and natural resource use, economietric models, finance and financial markets, inflation, and unemployment. This two volume work contains most of Davidson's professional journal articles, a number of previously unpublished papers, and a sample of his policiy oriented testimonies before Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and bank regulators. The topics addressed in this collection among others are: monetary theory and policy; employment theory; and income distribution and inflation.

This Major Reference series brings together a wide range of key international articles in law and legal theory. Many of these essays are not readily accessible, and their presentation in these volumes will provide a vital new resource for both research and teaching. Each volume is edited by leading international authorities who explain the significance and context of articles in an informative and complete introduction.

Companies have forgotten the art of strategic thinking. Existing strategic models, established decades ago, are obsolete in the current economy. Without the appropriate strategy tools, management has turned inward on issues such as reengineering and has relied upon shorter term market perspectives. As a result companies around the globe have failed or lost substantial parts of their market shares. In Strategy in Crisis, Michael de Kare-Silver offers a unique model for corporate strategic planning. His "Market Commitment" model focuses on competitive advantage in performance, service, emotional connection with customers, and price. It instructs companies on how to develop a long term vision along with the necessary commitment to see it through, and demonstrates the link between a company's ability to connect with its customers and its ability to anticipate new opportunities. A must-read for business people at all levels, Strategy in Crisis provides companies with a roadmap to the specific and sometimes new sources of competitive advantage that will drive future growth and success.

An essential addition to any economics library, these five volumes present the contributions and writings of an influential and prolific scholar.