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La plupart des phénomènes physiques, électriques ou mécaniques, issus de la technologie moderne, sont régis par des systèmes complexes d'équations mathématiques. Cet ouvrage expose des applications sur l'environnement MATLAB® aux notions mathématiques nécessaires à l'utilisation des méthodes numériques employées dans les sciences de l'ingénieur. La résolution numérique de ces systèmes au moyen d'un ordinateur nécessite des connaissances approfondies en mathématiques. Ce livre a donc pour but de fournir au lecteur les notions mathématiques de base sur les méthodes numériques et de les appliquer utilisant l'environnement MATLAB qui lui permettront d'aborder à la simulation numérique et au calcul scientifique utilisant l'outil informatique.

Le but principal de l¿exclusion mutuelle en environnement distribué est de contrôler l¿accès à une ressource critique. Des systèmes distribués à grande échelle comme les nuages ou les grilles mettent à disposition de leurs clients des ressources informatiques partagées. Dans ce type d¿environnement, différentes contraintes en termes de priorité, de temps de réponse ou fiabilité doivent être prises en considération pour assurer une bonne qualité de service. Dans ce mémoire, deux algorithmes d¿exclusion mutuelle à permission intégrant la priorité et des contraintes temporelles de chaque requête à savoir : la date d¿échéance et la durée d¿exécution en section critique ont été proposé, ceci en vue d¿assurer une qualité de service. Nos algorithmeks se basent sur une structure logique des n¿uds en arbre binaire complet. Ces algorithmes nommés PBDMEAQoS¿ et PBDMEAQoS¿ sont basés sur les SLA. Ces algorithmes intègrent une priorité dynamique qui croît avec l¿âge de la requêtes.

This book is an attempt to examine the question of the historical development of constitutional Islamic religious text of the legal status of non-Muslims in Islam from the beginning of the call of the Prophet up to the modern time. It tracks and explores the nature of the religious foundations of the Dhimma system by shedding light on the constitutional religious texts that played a big role in the establishment of the legal status of non-Muslims in early Islam. This is will be through three sections: The first one, points out to the general framework of the study. The second clarifies concepts as Ahl al-Dhimma and dhimmis by drawing a picture on the development of the concept of Ahl al-Dhimma in Islamic classical fiqh. The third, analyzes the historical development of the foundational texts that determine the status of non-Muslims in early Islam up to modern time.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, increased angiogenesis and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unclear. Interleukin 23 (IL 23) plays a role in T cell immune responses. IL 23 is produced by activated dendritic cells, macrophages and keratinocytes. IL-23 amplifies and stabilizes a new CD4 (+) T-cell subset, Th17 producing IL-17. Th17 cells are highly pathogenic and lead to the development of inflammation and severe autoimmunity. Twenty patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the age group (17-60) years were included in this study. Also 20 normal volunteers were included. Two punch biopsies were taken from every patient one from the lesion and one from non lesional area. One puch biopsy was taken from each control. Il 23 was measured using a real time PCR. Our data revealed that the level of IL 23, in the patient group, was higher in lesional areas than in non lesional areas and this difference was statistically significant (p value

The early second decade of the third millennium may be judged as, an age of revolutions, as much as any before. The locus of these revolutions is firmly rooted in the Arab World. Revolutions take place to assert fundamental changes in how people behave. Revolutions may be expected when there are repression, injustice, corruption, underdevelopment and poverty. Following the mass uprisings that have started in the late 2010, the Arab world experiences revolutionary mobilizations with new dynamics. Young people have been the key locomotive in these events that have stirred the whole world. CDA Approach integrated with Halliday¿s Systemic Functional Grammar Theory is used as a framework to analyze the given speeches. These two approaches can reflect the revolutionary language of the major players (the two presidents in Tunisia and Egypt) of this era in the Arab history. The current study is intended to accomplish CDA concepts, particularly Persuasion and Ideology to reflect the different levels of communication employed by the given presidents to produce their intended meanings linguistically via Transitivity, Modality and Textuality.

Focusing on translating media, legal and technical texts, this book is of significant importance to the field of translation between English and Arabic. The central aim of the book is to provide translation students at different levels as well as translators with a detailed analysis of the features of media, legal and technical texts to promote their understanding of the nature of such texts. The exercises contained in each section aim to train students on translating sentences and passages from newspapers, books and other documents focusing on the three aforementioned topics. Glossaries containing some key words follow the exercises to facilitate the translation process. The book is of great use to translation students wishing to explore Arabic and English texts in different domains. Understanding the features of each text type can improve students¿ necessary translation skills. This text introduces the students to a short review on translation and equivalence between English and Arabic. In addition, it classifies translation problems in different domains. Furthermore, this manuscript presents translation pitfalls at various structural levels, the word, phrase and sentence

This book is designed for use by non-native speakers of English who have already learned general everyday English and wish to improve their special English Language as students of Islamic studies for they should have the terminology and the basic concepts of the religious literature. We hope that the course will fill one of the gaps in the programme of teaching English to students of the Islamic studies

Ce projet de recherche porte sur l'optimisation du dépôt de l'oxyde de zinc (ZnO) texturé (002) par voie sol-gel spin-coating via la méthodologie des plans d'expériences pour des applications photovoltaïques. Un plan d'expériences utilisant la table orthogonale L9 (34) de Taguchi a été adapté à notre problématique pour étudier les propriétés de ZnO ainsi que les effets des facteurs de dépôt sur la texture cristalline (002) d'intérêt cristallographique. Les analyses morpho-structurales (DRX, MEB-EDX) montrent des échantillons polycristallins de structure hexagonale wurtzite dont la direction de croissance des grains de cristaux est exclusivement orientée suivant l'axe c avec un empilement atomique homogène. Les investigations optiques (UV-Vis-PIR) révèlent une transmittance optique largement supérieure à 90% dans le spectre visible et un gap optique égal à 3,287 eV. Les techniques d'analyse statistique (ratio Signal-Bruit S/B, ANOM et ANOVA) donnent la meilleure combinaison des niveaux des facteurs pour la texture cristalline (002) dans le domaine expérimental comme suit : A2B2C3D1. Le facteur ayant l'effet le plus significatif est la concentration en ions zinc (II) Zn2.

Le but de notre travail est d'étudier les couches minces de dioxyde de titane élaborée par voie hydrothermale en augmentant l'absorption de la lumière dans le domaine visible (longueurs d'ondes entre 400 et 800 nm). Ainsi, nous visons l'amélioration de ses performances en agissant sur la méthode d'élaboration. Le protocole expérimental est bien explicité à travers ce manuscrit de manière pédagogique.

the current book discusses the extent to which the social, economic and legal exclusion affect single mothers¿ daily lives in Morocco. It particularly explores the aspects of their exclusion and analyses its effects on their social and economic reintegration. By transgressing gender norms of honor, and sexuality, and challenging the traditional rules prescribed by society, single mothers are highly stigmatized and considered as a threat to the social order. In this context, their social reintegration could be highly constraint by their marginalization and exclusion. Findings show that attitudes to the issue of single mothers are gradually changing. However, the pressure and the inadequate living conditions unwed mothers suffer from, reveal that the shame of having a child out of wedlock is still perceived as a great obstacle, especially that (economic, social, and legal) gaps pertaining to the question of birth outside wedlock still exist.

Corn or maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops after wheat and rice. It used for several purposes such as human consumption, livestock and poultry feed, manufacturing starch and cooking oils and it also grown for fodder and silage. Corn is susceptible to drought stress during flowering stages, but it becomes less sensitive as reproduction progress. Drought stress can be reduced yield of corn by 50-70% and 21-47% if it happens during silking and grain filling stages, respectively. Tolerant genotypes of corn were characterized by having shorter ASI, higher number of ears/plant and higher number of kernels/row than susceptible ones. The present work will discuss some of the problems faced by corn breeder in the choice of experimental design, data handling and methods of assessment of drought tolerance, as well as the choice of appropriate breeding method for the development of drought-tolerant genotypes.

Brassica napus L. (Canola, oilseed rape, rapeseed) is a crop with plants from three to five feet tall that produce pods from which seeds are harvested and crushed to create canola oil and meal. These plants also produce small, yellow flowers, which beautify the environment. Canola seeds contain about 45 percent oil. Canola was the third-leading source of vegetable oil in the world, after soybean and palm oil. It is the world's second-leading source of protein meal after soybean and is used as diesel fuel (Biodiesel). Canola can be infected by a number of pathogens, which leads to the reduction in quantity and quality products. It is, therefore, necessary to study resistance genes to determine the optimal resistance or control method to protect the crop.

This book, constancies the numerical solutions of fractional differential problems with initial (mixed boundary) conditions which have been considered in details. The fractional operational matrices of fractional derivative ¿>0 have been studied and developed on types of shifted chebyshev polynomials and shifted chebyshev wavelets as well as fractional order chebyshev polynomials with order ¿>0 and presented the relation between these types, they are given as an operational matrices of fractional derivatives. Also the coupled fractional orders such that one of them is originally and others are axillary order such that one a fractional operational matrix to find the best approximate solution of multi-fractional order nonlinear differential problems with mixed boundary value. The rule of the order of fractional polynomial is presented as important parameter for given exact solution and is illustrated in some examples.

Dans le présent manuscrit, nous avons étudié et réalisé une chaine complète de traitement du signal, partant de l¿acquisition des signaux à leur traitement numérique, permettant de déceler, de suivre et d¿analyser les paramètres de l¿évolution d¿un phénomène physique. Le système ainsi conçu est mis en application pour l¿étude de la cuisson des légumineuses. Ce système est constitué des capteurs de déplacements, d¿un module électronique d¿acquisition de seize entrées fonctionnant à une cadence d¿échantillonnage de 23 kHz et de deux applications informatiques dont l¿une pour l¿acquisition, le suivi en temps réel de la cuisson et l¿archivage des données de cuisson, et l¿autre pour le traitement de ces données. Ce système permet contrairement à ses prédécesseurs de traiter un nombre d¿informations élevé avec une grande précision. Ce qui améliore la qualité et la quantité d¿informations traités. Ainsi, ce système permet de déceler tout paramètre qui aurait une influence sur la cuisson des légumineuses. La mise en ¿uvre de ce système a permis de montrer l¿influence de la variété, de la taille et de la température de cuisson d¿un échantillon de légumineuses sur sa durée de cuisson.

La mutation des systèmes de production en systèmes automatisés a engendré une flexibilité de la configuration des procédés industriels. De ce fait, les exigences sans cesse croissantes en qualité et quantité de produits manufacturés rendent ces systèmes très complexes. L'effort humain visant à superviser ces systèmes consiste alors en l'élaboration de programmes sécurisés. D'où l'émergence de la théorie de commande par supervision de Ramadge & Wonham. Dans le soucis de contribuer à l'implémentation de cette théorie dans l'industrie, la commande, dans le cadre des travaux de cet ouvrage, est obtenue en se basant sur la modélisation du système et des spécifications à l'aide du Grafcet. A cet effet, deux méthodes sont proposées: la première est basée sur l'algorithme de Kumar et la seconde utilise la méthode des invariants de marquage. Ces approches sont illustrées sur un système manufacturier.

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the reaction of five tomato cultivars i.e. Castle Rock, Peito-86, Super marmand, Edkawy and Super strain-B to Meloidogyne incognita infection through certain plant growth parameters; and rate of nematode reproduction and development under green house condition at 20±2ºC. Meanwhile, when certain components i.e. salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, humic acid as organic acids, sea weed and yeast as biotic factors in comparison with oxamyl used as root-dipping for controlling M. incognita infecting the same host plant under greenhouse conditions (25±2ºC), the tested materials had more less effects on growth of tomato plants infected and uninfected plants as well. Among organic acids tested, humic acid surpassed salicylic acid treatment in improving growth of tomato plants in certain plant growth parameters.

In the name of of Allah the Merciful. In light of the urgent need to improve the mental health services in Palestine, the researcher considered preparing this study, which recommends combating the stigma of mental illness because of its great role in the relapse of the patient and hindering his recovery. This study comes as a fruit of the efforts exerted to highlight the most important obstacle in the way of achieving the recovery process. The researcher decided to publish this scientific study in the form of the book "stigma and recovery" in six chapters, under each chapter several topics were presented in a coherent and sequential, The titles of these chapters are as follows: Chapter 1: Background Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework Chapter 3: Literature Review Chapter 4: Methodology of the study Chapter 5: Data analysis and results Chapter 6: Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendations Finally, I hope that the presentation of the book is a success for achieving the goals and objectives, and I hope that God to be a book and a good harbinger and a scientific guide for all those interested in mental health. Researcher 2018

This Research proposes the use of 3¿ power converter setup with suitable controller, for power flow management over a hybrid micro-grid, without need to any permanent storage systems on the DC bus to counteract their high cost, complexity of design and integration. Such proposed system is capable of serving low voltage residential and commercial loads, where there would be an availability of renewable energy sources and possible DC loads. Bidirectional power transmission is achieved between AC and DC buses through a 3¿ bi-directional converter whose primary objective is to maintain a constant DC bus voltage with respect to DC sources or loads change. A PI controller is utilized to stabilize the reference DC bus voltage by varying the reference AC grid side current that is controlled by a hysteresis controller. Also automatic coupling of a 3¿ synchronous generator to the infinite bus AC grid has been discussed and studied, analytically and practically as a case study, to deepen the concept of distributed generation. The experimental set has been tested for contributing to the AC grid, with direct active and reactive power control. Matlab and Practical results have been discussed.

"The Lamp of umm Hashem" is one of the cultural pieces of literature in Egypt that is why it is full of "Culture-Specific Items".Dealing with such items is somehow critical as one inaccurate technique in translating one word may lead to a totally inaccurate translation or may lead to a different meaning in the target language from what is meant in the source language. This work is an attempt to show how translating a literary text from one language to another without paying attention to the cultural meaning of the words may affect the target text in the way that makes it lose its source sense.

Topology is a branch of mathematics, developed mainly from analysis. One of the basic tools of topology is mapping, which topologists defined several kinds of it. The type we will concentrate upon in this work is confluent mapping which had been denominated by Professor B. Knaster and introduced in 1964 at first by J. J. Charatonik in 1964, and he explained that these mappings are generalizations of both the class of monotone mappings and the class of open mappings.

This work tackles the translation of English exclamatory expressions into Arabic. It aims at clarifying the pragmatic implications of such expressions and their impact on the process of translation. A brief literature review is given including the concept of exclamation in English and Arabic, as well as its phonological, syntactic, and pragmatic features. Then, procedure of analysis is proposed to determine the illocutionary force of each utterance. This procedure has been applied on the data taken from the Shakespearean tragedy Julius Caesar with five of its Arabic rendering in order to compare their illocutionary forces with those of the source Language text. The study concludes that There is a common misconception concerning the concept of exclamation in Arabic in that most researchers keep in their mind that exclamation corresponds to (wonder) in Arabic. Syntactically, the concept of exclamation is realized by different syntactic patterns in English .The study reveals that Arabic uses a wider range of linguistic devices than those used in English to express some of the illocutionary forces of exclamatory expressions.

It is my pleasure to present this book for all interested in management and construction scheduling. Manage, schedule, then design a project within the time is the best way to achieve successfully. This book will discuss the relationship between time of execution, way of execution, and relative fees with expected risks management. It is here to prove the importance of management in architectural engineering starting with the design and finishing with the end of execution.

This book is a useful tool for building up knowledge for Medical undergraduate students in the field of obstetrics and gynecology as well as a way for students to familiarise themselves with the topics that are usually covered in an exam. It contains two types of questions which are multiple choice and one based answer questions provided with essential feedback and justifications to the answers.

Permanent export development is one of the most important national purposes ensue to economical field. The main concentration of future development of country depends on growing export, especially in some products that country has competitive advantage on them. Mazandaran province is being in strategic sphere base on both political and economic point and has its important role for permanent developing trend for country. This research has done base on identifying obstacles of non-oil export products in province with descriptive method. Statistical sample is 30 superior exporters of Mazandaran. Questionnaire has evaluated by Likert speculum and one sample T-test has used to recognize questionnaire. Results of this research show that we encounter to challenge against of exporting non-oil products. This challenge has identified 17 subheadings that we test three of them here.