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Agricultural Research Updates. Volume 29 opens with information on wild edible plants commonly consumed by Jordanians and people of other neighboring countries. The presented plant spp. are among hundreds of wild edible species recorded in Jordan, are regarded as partially or totally consumable, and are usually used in food and medicine. The authors discuss various aspects of species complications among Phytophthora, and discuss the way these complications could be addressed through a better understanding of the biology, diversity, ecology, and taxonomic relationships between species. In one study, thirty African yam bean genotypes were evaluated for grain yield in a randomized complete block design of three replications in four agroecologies of Nigeria. Across the four locations, a mean yield of 1019Kg/ha was obtained. A mixed model was employed to access variability among the 30 genotypes and four locations. Lastly, this collection reviews the applications of size-exclusion chromatography in the fractionation of fructans and in the determination of their molecular weight, size, intrinsic viscosity and degree of branching.

This book will be beneficial for students, researchers and scientists working in the field of molecular dynamics simulation. In this book, Materials Studio software developed by Accelrys, a software company headquartered in the United States, has been used for performing the simulations and analysis. The source codes written in the book can be used by any one for modeling. The book starts with an introduction to molecular dynamics. Then various molecular dynamics methods will be discussed in detail. As the book progresses, various case studies related to modeling of composites at nano level will be discussed. The properties predicted are mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical. The concept of perl scripting has also been discussed in detail. Lastly the applications of molecular dynamics in various fields of engineering and technology will be discussed. The nanocomposite materials discussed in this book include polymer-matrix composites. The reinforcements used are carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoparticles and nanofibers.

Chapter 1 focuses on how the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) identifies and combats waste, fraud, and abuse in both traditional Medicare and the Medicare Advantage program. Reducing improper payments is critical for protecting the integrity of the program and ensuring that taxpayer dollars are well spent. The Medicaid program, which provides vital health care to over 70 million Americans, regardless of preexisting conditions. GAO and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) published reports on continued weaknesses and program integrity risks and Medicaid managed care. Clearly, there is a need for greater transparency on how managed care organizations spend Federal dollars and greater program integrity and oversight in Medicaid in general. Chapter 2 talks about the rate of improper payments in the Medicaid program.

Since 2014, millions of individuals have purchased coverage through the health insurance exchanges established under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). PPACA altered the individual health insurance market by setting federal standards for coverage and subsidizing exchange coverage for certain low-income individuals. In the first 5 years of exchanges, issuers have moved in and out of the market and increased premiums, but little is known about issuers'' claims costs or the factors driving their business decisions. Chapter 1 examines (1) claims costs of issuers participating in exchanges, and (2) factors driving selected issuers'' changes in exchange participation, premiums, and plan design. GAO reviewed data from nine issuers participating in five states, which were selected to represent a range in size, tax status, and exchange participation. During open enrollment, eligible returning consumers may re-enroll in their existing health insurance exchange plan or choose a different plan. Those who do not actively enroll in a plan may be automatically re-enrolled into a plan. Chapter 2 examines 1) the extent to which plans identified as benchmark plans remained the same plans from year to year, and how premiums for benchmark plans changed; 2) the proportion of exchange consumers who were automatically re-enrolled into the same or similar plans, and how these proportions compared to those for consumers who actively re-enrolled, and 3) the extent to which consumers'' financial responsibility for premiums changed for those who were automatically re-enrolled compared to those who actively re-enrolled. Chapter 3 discussed the amendments to title XIX of the Social Security Act to ensure health insurance coverage continuity for former foster youth. Certain individuals without access to subsidized health insurance coverage may be eligible for premium tax credits, as established under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended). The dollar amount of the premium credit varies from individual to individual, based on a formula specified in statute. Individuals who are eligible for the premium credit, however, generally are still required to contribute some amount toward the purchase of health insurance as described in chapter 4. During the summer of 2018, the Trump Administration issued final rules governing coverage offered through association health plans (AHPs) and short-term, limited-duration insurance. Chapter 5 describes how the Congressional Budget Office and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) analyzed the new rules and determined how those rules would affect the agencies'' projections of the number of people who obtain health insurance and the costs of federal subsidies for that coverage.

There are a variety of tumors that can arise from various compartments and cellular components of peripheral nerves throughout the body. These peripheral nerve sheath tumors run the gamut from benign, fairly commonly encountered neoplasms such as schwannomas and neurofibromas to rarer, low grade neoplasms and variants such as perineuriomas, mucosal neuromas, palisaded encapsulated neuromas, granular cell tumors and nerve sheath myxomas to malignant neoplasms, so-called malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They are generally classified as soft tissue neoplasms but they differ from most other tumors in this general grouping in a number of ways. Many of them are associated with genetic disorders or hereditary tumor syndromes and the majority of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors arise from a benign precursor tumor, neurofibroma. Their precise diagnosis and classification necessitates careful correlation with clinical and surgical data along with attention to histologic and immunohistochemical features. This text is comprised of a collection of chapters reviewing some of the myriad aspects of this group of neoplasms and includes discussions of the epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheaths, peineuriomas arising in the colon, peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising in the oral cavity, jaw and salivary gland regions of the head and neck, and the melanotic variant of schwannoma.

Translated from the Georgian by Eirik Halvorson.