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In the United States, state, territorial, and local governments are responsible for most aspects of selecting and securing election systems and equipment. Foreign interference during the 2016 election cycle -- and widely reported to be an ongoing threat -- has renewed congressional attention to campaign and election security and raised new questions about the nature and extent of the federal government''s role in this policy area. This book provides readers with a resource for understanding campaign and election security policy. This includes discussion of the federal government''s roles; state or territorial responsibilities for election administration and election security; an overview of potentially relevant federal statutes and agencies; and highlights of recent congressional policy debates.

The Voting Rights Act was necessary because of this country''s long and painful history of not extending the right to vote to all. The Voting Rights Act is still essential to ensuring all Americans can exercise their Constitutional right to vote. Field hearings were held in North Dakota and Georgia to discuss the discrimination to minority voters.

The United States has been developing and deploying ballistic missile defenses (BMD) to defend against enemy missiles continuously since the late 1940s. Chapter 1 gives a brief history of the BMD Program. For over half a century, the Department of Defense (DOD) has funded efforts to defend the United States from ballistic missile attacks. The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) developing missile defense capabilities to defend the United States, deployed forces, and regional allies from missile attacks. Chapter 2 addresses for fiscal year 2018 (1) the progress MDA made in achieving delivery and testing goals and (2) the extent to which MDA made progress in developing and delivering integrated regional BMDS capabilities. Chapter 3 discusses (1) the challenges MDA and the defense intelligence community face in meeting the agency''s threat assessment needs and (2) the extent to which MDA engages the defense intelligence community on missile defense acquisitions. Foreign countries have made advancements in their nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs. Chapter 4 reports on the current status of North Korea''s nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs, while chapter 5 provides information on Iran''s ballistic missile capabilities. Members of Congress and Pentagon officials have placed a growing emphasis on U.S. programs to develop hypersonic weapons as a part of an effort to acquire the capability for the United States to launch attacks against targets around the world in under an hour. Chapter 6 focuses, primarily, on the Pentagon''s ongoing program to develop ballistic missile-based conventional prompt strike systems. The Navy undertook a conceptual design phase for the FFG(X) Guided Missile Frigate program that enabled industry to inform FFG(X) requirements, identify opportunities for cost savings, and mature different ship designs. Chapter 7 addresses the FFG(X) acquisition approach and contracting plans. Chapter 8 provides background information and issues for Congress on the Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, which is carried out by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Navy, and gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations.

One of the most interesting of antiquarian studies is that which relates to the origin and purpose of the many ancient mounds and monuments found in almost every country. Antiquaries have never agreed whether the circles are temples or tombs or observatories, whether the dolmens are monuments of the dead or altars for sacrificing living men, and whether the mounds are tombs or law courts. This book compiles a Historical and Statistical account of the Rude Stone Monuments in all parts of the world.

The existence of natural ice-caves at depths varying from 50 to 200 feet below the surface of the earth, unconnected with glaciers or snow mountains, and in latitudes and at altitudes where ice could not under ordinary circumstances be supposed to exist, has attracted some attention. In addition to the description of this natural phenomena, the author has interspersed his incidents of travel. He has also given accounts of similar caves in different parts of the world.

Wilbur Fisk Gordy writes about the heroes and leaders of America that shaped this country prior to 1923. This book is a must for all Americans and those who are living in other parts of world but are keen to know about the real heroes and leaders who own the credit of building the United States from its beginning.

The "Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS)" is a World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collaborative effort in helping countries to assess ten behavioural risk and protective factors, including "alcohol use, dietary behaviours, drug use, hygiene, mental health, physical activity, protective factors, sexual behaviours, tobacco use, violence and unintentional injury" among adolescents. In this book, we deal with multiple behavioural non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in 15 countries: Philippines, Mozambique, Laos, Kuwait, Oman, Guatemala, Timor-Leste, Wallis and Futuna, Cook Islands, Afghanistan, Maldives, French Polynesia, Fiji, Bahrain and Benin. The results of the various papers will inform stakeholders of the relevance of school and youth health programmes and related policies targeting behavioural NCD risk factors in the adolescent population.

This book examines the impact of "out of Africa" migrations on the development of the Global North. The current body of research on the history of human migrations has documented the African global presence from ancient times to the present. Yet the impact of the African migrations, voluntary or forced, on the development of the Modern World, especially the Global North, has either been neglected, ignored or distorted in historical accounts. It is now common knowledge that Africa has most of the world''s natural resources, primarily for exports. These resources include gold, diamond, copper, oil and natural gas, iron ore, aluminum, uranium, phosphate, etc. It is equally important to note that available data have also documented Africa''s exports of its human capital for the development of the modern world, especially the Global North. In filling this gap in the literature, this volume focuses on the United States of America, the most powerful nation in the Global North, for an in-depth study. It is hypothesized in this study that Africans and peoples of African descent were central to the development and growth of the United States from its beginnings to the present. The study depends primarily on culturally relevant Historiographical method. A major distinguished feature of this volume is its Afrocentric multidisciplinary approach while relying heavily on the discipline of History. The concluding chapter draws on multiple sources in summarizing the contributions and the impact of Africa and peoples of African descent in the American Experience as a major part of the Global North. It probes current trends and trajectories in African American Studies; African American Quality of Life; the future role of Africa and the African Diaspora in American life and the Global North.