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The book opens with a summary on the main theories representative of human error, such as: "Bad Apples Theory", "Normal Accident Theories" and "High Reliability Organizations Theory". Following this, the authors define mistakes in the diagnostic process, identifying their major causes and suggesting several principles for optimal, bias-free diagnoses. Evidence is presented which supports the idea that the Common Assessment Framework is a total quality management tool that public organizations can use for free for their self-assessment, aiming to improving their administrative capacity and services without having to ask for support from external sources. An analytical exploration of patient advocacy related to patient safety and the concept of a "Theory-Practice-Ethics gap" is presented, reinforcing the importance of their synonymous relationship for trustworthy healthcare practices. The concluding chapter proposes that inline fluid warming devices must employ the safest technology to ensure patients are not exposed to additional risks during the active warming of infused fluids.

Population growth, increasing living standards, and rapidly changing climate have resulted in an increasing demand for freshwater, accelerating the water degradation challenges. There is a compelling need to minimize water consumption and develop approaches to effectively manage existing water resources. On a positive note, water resource management strategies discussed in this book present innovative ways to conserve both quality and quantity. Chapter 1 discusses decentralized water management approaches for intervening the urban water cycle to minimize the environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This chapter concludes with a need to use a suite of tools based on decision support systems for managing urban water resources. Chapter 2 discusses the need for assessing suitability of various types of models for a specific scenario based on the required level of complexity. This chapter discusses in detail the underlying criteria behind model selection, validation, and uncertainty analysis. Urban watersheds can be more challenging compared to natural watersheds. The urban watersheds include parking lots, roads, and developed structures, all of which contribute to a myriad of anthropogenic pollutants through stormwater runoff. Computer-based models can be used to study water quality issues and to develop a plan to manage watershed level resources. Chapter 3 compares pros and cons of the state-of-the-art watershed models used for managing water resources. Numerical simulations can be performed to compare the current and future water quality scenarios of a given watershed and to estimate the impact of potential water resource management strategies. Chapter 4 presents a case study of an urban region in Hanoi, Vietnam. Water evaluation and planning simulation tool was used to predict the trends and drivers of wastewater generation. Considering rapidly changing climate and associated weather impacts, it is critical to secure water resources in addition to dealing with the water quality issues. Chapter 5 suggests that climate change models and watershed and precipitation models should be jointly used in order to capture uncertainties in ecological functions, energy and food production and water supply sources. Chapter 6 presents a water use estimation and management tool that examines the effect of climate change and drought conditions on water supplies to ensure adequate buffalo forage. Sustaining both buffalo forage and water supplies during drought conditions requires preparedness and adaptation in response to unfavorable conditions. Finally, water reuse can alleviate the stress on available water resources. For example, effluents from wastewater treatment plants and desalination plants can be treated and reused for managing water crisis. Chapter 7 emphasizes that it is critical to optimize both economical and sustainability parameters during treatment of wastewater effluents and desalination concentrate. In certain cases, valuable metals can be recovered from the concentrate.

This book is devoted to some recent aspects of calculus. The book contains seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the conception for conformable delta (Hilger) derivative and some of its properties. Results in this chapter include basic conformable delta derivative, the conformable exponential function, conformable trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, conformable delta integral and integral rules and Taylor''s formula. They are considered first order conformable dynamic equations on time scales. Chapter 2 is devoted to some classes second order quadratic difference equations. They are given criteria for existence of a unique equilibrium point that is stable and unstable, existence of prime period-two solutions. Chapter 3 is aimed to develop two calculi over the specific algebraic operations, preserving the preceding relativistic addition formula and having all ordinary properties. Chapter 4 is devoted to principles of hypercomplex random function calculus. Generalized Gaussian-type hypercomplex valued measures are studied. Random functions controlled by these measures are investigated. Solutions of hyperbolic PDEs over hypercomplex numbers such as the octonion algebra and Cayley-Dickson algebras are scrutinized. Chapter 5 covers the interesting historical aspects of the spreadsheets and their distinct advantages. It is described how the ubiquitous Microsoft Excel spreadsheets can be used to implement well-known numerical methods such as Simpson''s Rule and Trapezoidal Rules. Appropriate examples are presented in substantial detail. The aim of Chapter 6 is to show some didactic tools that can be suggested by professors so that students can recall those issues saved in the deepest part of their minds. In Chapter 7, based on fractional differences, a fractional calculus is developed which complies with most of the properties that is to say non-differentiability, non-commutativity of derivative and long-range memory. The book is addressed to a wide audience of specialists such as mathematicians, physicists, engineers and biologists.

Allicin is the major active sulfur-containing moiety that is released when garlic cloves are crushed or damaged. Since its first recorded use in ancient times to ward off snakebites and by the physician Hippocrates to treat pneumonia and heal wounds, allicin has come a long way and its attributes now include antimicrobial and anti-insecticidal activities. Given the rapid appearance of resistant microbes and insects, allicin clearly has merit in these spheres, even more so as resistance does not appear following its usage. More recently allicin has been successfully used as a complementary treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases, which include type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even certain tumors. Having a "natural" medicine, which is associated with an absence of side effects, can only be beneficial in conditions requiring long-term usage and it is clear that allicin''s potential as an individual or adjunct medicine needs to be evaluated. The gold standard for phase III human studies are double blind randomized placebo controlled trials and allicin''s success in this area is just beginning to be realized. Allicin has great potential, and maximizing its bioavailability could be enhanced using computational chemistry methodology combined with the stabilization methods already used for other phytomedicines, such as curcumin. Given the attention it deserves, it is likely that allicin will provide much needed alternative management strategies for decreasing infection and disease over the next decade.

This book is designed to serve as a companion to the available textbooks in oral pathology and oral medicine and is meant to serve as a revision tool for dental students and graduates preparing for examinations. The book is structured to complement student lecture notes, recommended textbooks and past exam papers. Globally, the current trend is to use a combination of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short answer questions (SAQs), extended matching questions (EMQs) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) stations in the examination process. Available textbooks in oral pathology and oral medicine are not of much value to students preparing for exams using these assessment formats. The aim of this book therefore is to offer students with a single source that would assist them to prepare for exams. Target audience for this book includes dental students, oral health therapy and dental hygiene students, overseas-trained dental graduates preparing for board or licensing examinations and those preparing for membership or fellowship examinations of the Royal Surgical Colleges.

Virtually all cervical cancer cases are caused by human papilloma viruses (HPV), mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18. Furthermore, HPVs may cause other types of cancer, such as squamous anal cancers and vulvar cancer. In men, HPVs are associated with genital lesions, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancers. As such, this compilation focuses on recent findings in HPV epidemiology, prevention, and updates regarding prophylatic HPV vaccines. Bioinformatics tool are important in the analysis of molecular and biological data, which could provide novel insights on the development of treatment and prevention methods for disease control. Through bioinformatics, it is possible to analyze and simulate HPV molecular data through the use of universal databases and analysis tools, in order to better understand the virus genetics and infection cycle. In conclusion, Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs): Detection, Infection and Protection appraises HPV vaccines for the prophylaxis of HPV infection in healthy individuals. Vaccines used for earlier varieties are Gardasil (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, U.S.A.) and Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, U.K.).

The book presents extensive case reports covering various clinical dentistry disciplines. In Oral Medicine, cases of various oral lesions and their risk factors were reported, as well as the precautions of radiotherapy for oral condition. In Oral Surgery, various surgical techniques were discussed related to orbital cavity reconstruction, mandibular defect reconstruction, arthoplasty, management of tumors in maxillofacial region, management of Schneiderian membrane perforation and lateral sinus lifting procedures in severe bone loss case. The use of CBCT on implant planning and identification of ameloblastoma tumor margin were reported. In Prosthodontics, treatment of removable partial denture and orbital defect reconstruction were discussed. In Conservative Dentistry, endodontics treatment and retreatment in rare cases were discussed, including management of fracture instruments and iatrogenic pulp exposure and replantation of avulsed teeth. In Pediatric Dentistry, various techniques related to intrusive luxation, treatment of lip sucking and approach for children in special need toward dental anxiety were addressed. In Orthodontics, a case of management malocclusion of a difficult case was reported. In Forensic Dentistry, the importance of forensic odontology in burnt victim age estimation and post mortem reconstruction methods were reported. In Periodontology, cases of trauma from occlusion and the aesthetic of crown lengthening were reported. This large collection of case reports, discussing various treatments of clinical problems, identification of oral diseases that are frequently encountered in daily practice will surely give valuable information for general practitioners and dental specialists in order to achieve the highest standard in clinical dentistry.

This book is a comprehensive compilation of all reports, testimony, correspondence and other publications issued by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) during the month of October, grouped according to topics. This book is focused on the following topics: �Business & Finance �Economic Development �Natural Resources & Environment �Veterans

This book is a comprehensive compilation of all reports, testimony, correspondence and other publications issued by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) during the month of October, grouped according to topics. This book is focused on the following topics: �Education �Government Operations �Health Care �National Defense

This book is a comprehensive compilation of all reports, testimony, correspondence and other publications issued by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) during the month of September, grouped according to topics. This book is focused on the following topics: �Education �Government Operations �Natural Resources & Environment �Worker and Family Assistance

This book is a comprehensive compilation of all reports, testimony, correspondence and other publications issued by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) during the month of October, grouped according to topics. This book is focused on the following topics: �Budget & Spending �Economic Development �Health Care �Natural Resources & Environment �Transportation

This book is a comprehensive compilation of all reports, testimony, correspondence and other publications issued by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) during the month of October, grouped according to topics. This book is focused on the following topics: �Business & Finance �Economic Development �Natural Resources & Environment �Veterans

This book provides a comprehensive guide to a range of food processing methods that are relevant to food scientists who are beginning to specialize in the area of food processing. It has been written in collaboration with researchers and professors from different countries who are experts in the field of food processing. The book covers area such as; high pro-cookies processing, application of pulsed electric field in liquid food processing, foam mat drying of pineapple juice, engineering aspects of confectionery coating in baked products, food emulsion, minimally processing of potato and yam slices, a guide to differently processed Asian rice products, tumbling and massaging as a tool in reformed meat processing and finally a chapter dealing with food processing contaminants and their mitigation strategies was included.