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Particle physics studies the fundamental constituents of matter and radiation and their interactions. Fundamental particles exhibit wave-particle duality and are represented using quantum state vectors in Hilbert space. All elementary particles and their interactions are understood using a quantum field theory, which is called the Standard Model. This model accounts for 61 particles, among which are 24 fermions, 8 gluons, the photon and W-, W+ and Z bosons. The Standard Model further describes the fundamental interactions of these particles, such as electromagnetic, strong and weak interactions. Particle physics has enriched human lives with the production of medical isotopes for use in external beam radiotherapy and PET imaging, development of touchscreen technology and the World Wide Web. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of particle physics. The topics included herein are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. This textbook is appropriate for particle physicists, high-energy physicists, phenomenologists, field theorists, students and other experts associated with this field.

Optics is a discipline of physics that deals with the study of behavior and properties of light. It examines the light's interactions with matter and also facilitates the construction of instruments that use and detect it. Optics explains the behavior of ultraviolet, visible and infrared light. It treats light as an electromagnetic wave and considers that other forms of electromagnetic radiations like microwaves, X-rays, and radio waves contain similar properties as light. Practical optics is practiced by using simplified models such as geometric optics that treats light as a collection of rays which travels in a straight line. These rays may bend when they pass through reflective surfaces. Another model of light is physical optics, which focuses on wave effects like diffraction and interference. Optical science is significant in many disciplines such as astronomy and various fields of engineering, medicine and photography. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of optics and the recent researches in this field. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Chemical biology studies the chemicals and the chemical reactions that are involved in biological activity. The research in this area often overlaps with disciplines of biochemistry, cell biology, pharmacology, etc. Chemical biology answers biological questions mainly by studying and evaluating the living systems at a chemical level. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of chemical biology. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. For all those who are interested in chemical biology, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

Medicinal chemistry studies the design and development of pharmaceutical drugs. It is a multi-disciplinary subject that combines pharmacology, synthetic organic chemistry, toxicology, molecular biology, etc. Discovery of newer pharmaceutical agents by studying existing drugs with pathological or biological targets is the main concern of this field. Performing clinical trials and assessing the effectiveness of drugs is another significant facet of medicinal chemistry. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of medicinal chemistry. It aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.