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Civil engineering is concerned with the planning, development and design of buildings and physical structures. It consists of urban design and landscape architecture. Some of the major constructions that fall under this domain are dams, canals, roads, bridges, etc. This book elucidates new techniques of civil engineering and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on civil engineering and its related fields.

Geographic information system refers to the system which is used to present, design, manage, store, capture, control, analyze and manipulate geographic and spatial data. As a sub-field of geoinformatics, GIS concerns itself with the academic study of the geographic data and the methods used to calculate and record it. Geographic information systems play a significant role in hydrological, topological and cartographic modeling. The topics included in this book on GIS are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. This textbook is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Physics is a natural science which focuses on concepts like matter, motion, energy, space and time. New developments in the field of physics, especially electromagnetism has drastically changed the modern world with products like television, computers or nuclear weapons. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of physics which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.

Organic synthesis refers to that branch of chemical synthesis, which deals with the use of organic reactions to produce organic compounds. The three main sub-branches of organic synthesis are methodology and applications, total synthesis, and semisynthesis. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this book. It unfolds the innovative aspects of the area, which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. This textbook, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to students involved in this area at various levels.

Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that deals with properties, structures and chemical synthesis of polymers. It helps in the creation and analysis of polymers with specific physical and chemical properties. Synthetic polymers have a wide range of industrial applications such as in electronics, construction, packaging, agriculture, biotechnology, etc. There has been rapid progress in this field and its applications are finding their way across multiple industries. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Materials science studies the synthesis, structure and performance of materials. Research in this field focuses on the manufacture of materials that are developed out of metals, polymers, ceramics and their various composites. Applications of engineered materials are in varied sectors such as electronics and photonics, fuel cells, medical devices, etc. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to materials science. The extensive contents of this book provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

The subjects of statistics and probability are interrelated and are generally studied together. They can be applied in a number of fields such as finance, machine learning, game theory, etc. The book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Through it, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.

Biophysics studies the methods and approaches of physics in relation to biological systems. Scientists and researchers related to the field of biophysics study the connections between DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis. Some of the fields that converge with the field of biophysics are biology, biochemistry, computer science, computational chemistry, mathematics, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of biophysics. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Modern manufacturing systems plan and organize large scale production processes. Tools, workforce, built environment and raw materials are crucial aspects of this area. Manufacturing plays a significant role in sectors such as aerospace, garment production, computer industry and the automotive industry. This book on manufacturing and industrial engineering discusses the various processes involved in these related fields and the technological advances that have been made in the same. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Materials engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields such as chemistry, physics and engineering. It helps in the discovery of new materials, mainly in the form of solids. The engineering of materials aims to enhance their mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic and chemical properties. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. The various sub-fields of material science along with technological progress that have future implications have been glanced at. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Sensors are objects that are used to detect events or changes which occur in the surrounding environment. It helps in converting real world information into data that computers can understand. They can be objects that are used on a daily basis, such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons, flow measurement devices, etc. Some widely used types of sensors are biosensors, chemical sensors, nanosensors, etc. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who want to develop a better understanding of the subject matter. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the concepts of sensor systems as easy and informative as possible.

The repetitive variation in time of a motion from one place to another or towards equilibrium point is known as an oscillation. Mechanical oscillations are called vibrations and other forms of oscillations are pendulum and alternating current power. The different types of oscillators are harmonic oscillators and anti-vibration compound. When oscillations travel via mass or space carrying or transferring energy they are known as waves. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of oscillation and waves, which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. The topics included in it are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The textbook aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Engineering physics is a combination of physics, mathematics and the principles of engineering. The subject uses the classical and modern concepts of physics for improved technological developments. Some of the branches of engineering physics are biomechanics, cryogenics, digital electronics, nuclear engineering, systems engineering, solid-state physics, energy engineering, etc. The topics included in this book on engineering physics are of utmost significance and are bound to provide incredible insights to readers. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals alike.

The field of engineering which is concerned with the design, study, invention, maintenance, building of aircrafts and spacecrafts is known as aircraft engineering. It is further divided into two major branches known as aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. This field uses elements from various subjects namely control engineering, fluid mechanics, mathematics, solid mechanics, aeroelasticity, flight test, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of aircraft engineering. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of aircraft engineering. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text in this field.

The study of designing new and improved materials is known as materials science. It is an interdisciplinary field which incorporates the elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, engineering, and mineralogy. The topics studied under this subject are crystallography, thermodynamics, bonding, structure, kinetics, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to materials science. The book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in this field. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this textbook.

Medicinal chemistry studies the design and development of pharmaceutical drugs. It is a multi-disciplinary subject that combines pharmacology, synthetic organic chemistry, toxicology, molecular biology, etc. Discovery of newer pharmaceutical agents by studying existing drugs with pathological or biological targets is the main concern of this field. Performing clinical trials and assessing the effectiveness of drugs is another significant facet of medicinal chemistry. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of medicinal chemistry. It aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.

Computational chemistry is a sub-field of chemistry which aims at solving problems of chemical nature by using computer programs. It calculates molecular structure and properties by integrating methods of theoretical chemistry and computer programs. Some of the methods used in this field are ab initio methods, chemical and molecular dynamics, density functional methods, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to computational chemistry. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in this field. For all those who are interested in this subject, this textbook can prove to be an essential guide.