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Presenting a revealing historical perspective on today's charged schooling choices, An African American Dilemma illuminates the tensions between school integration and separation that have shaped the long history of black struggles for equal education and civil rights in the North.

Integrating the ethics of medicine and the ethics of war, Military Medical Ethics in Contemporary Armed Conflict offers theorists and practitioners, clinicians and commanders the tools they need to distribute scarce medical resources in wartime. Emphasizing that military medicine's goal is to maintain unit readiness and the force capabilities necessary to wage just war, Michael L. Gross instructs readers on when and how compatriot and host nation warfighters, local civilians, detainees, and veterans should receive medical attention. Readers will see how medicine functions also as a weapon of war. To this end, military forces deploy medical care to win local hearts and minds and harness medical science to enhance war fighter capabilities.

Using dozens of examples from the ways in which Trump abused presidential powers, this book explains how federalism, separation of powers, and free speech can help mitigate the harms that autocratic leaders in the Trump mold can inflict on both democratic institutions and vulnerable minorities. In doing so, the book urges progressives to follow this rule of thumb in the post-Trump era: If a constitutional principle was worth deploying to resist Trump's harmfulpolicies and autocratic governance, then it is worth defending in the post-Trump era even if it makes the short-term attainment of progressive objectives more difficult.

In 1978, the American Law Institute (ALI) adopted the ALI Federal Securities Code. The Code has not been enacted by Congress and its prospects are dim. The objective of this book is to identify the deficiencies that exist under the current regimen, address their failings, provide recommendations for rectifying these deficiencies, and set forth a thorough analysis for remediation to prescribe a consistent and sound securities law framework.

This volume is the first book length treatment of the elusive and intriguing fourth-century CE philosopher, teacher, and prophet Sosipatra of Pergamum. Through a rich contextualization of the ancient evidence, it presents a lively and engaging portrait of this remarkable woman.

In Seeing Justice, Mary Angela Bock studies the way the American criminal justice system is visually represented in news. Going behind the scenes, she examines the way visual journalists negotiate with police and court officials to cover the criminal justice system, and how officials endeavour to create favourable narratives by controlling what the public sees.

A Casebook on the Roman Law of Contracts introduces students to the rich and influential body of Roman law concerning contracts between private individuals.

This is a sequel to a volume published in 2011 by OUP under the title The Ubiquitous Siva: Somananda's Sivadrsti and his Tantric Interlocutors. The present volume presents the fourth and final chapter of the Sivadrsti and Sivadrstivrtti and addresses a fresh set of issues that engage a distinct family of opposing schools and authors of mainstream Indian philosophical traditions. Somananda challenges his philosophical interlocutors with a single over-archingargument: he suggests that their views cannot cohereâ??they cannot be explained logicallyâ??unless their authors accept the Saiva non-duality for which he advocates. The Ubiquitous Siva Volume II offers the first English translation, critical edition, and commentary of Chapter Four of the Sivadrsti andSivadrstivrtti.

Can unexpressed thoughts be morally wrong? Are people subject to moral condemnation not only for their malicious, biased, and cruel actions, but also for their private malice, biased beliefs, and ugly fantasies? Although many would answer "yes," George Sher argues in A Wild West of the Mind that none of the main approaches to morality support this view and that to accept it would be to relinquish an essential aspect of our mental freedom. To preserve thatfreedom, we must allow our beliefs to follow the evidence wherever it leads and must give our private feelings, attitudes, and fantasies free rein. As so understood, the realm of the purely mental is a morality-free zone, one within which no thoughts or attitudes are either forbidden or required. Even when ourbeliefs are irrational or repugnant and our desires reflect badly on our character, it is never morally wrong for us to have them.A Wild West of the Mind advances a provocative thesis of normative ethics and offers a powerful defense of freedom of mind. Broad in scope and tightly argued, the book will have much to offer philosophers working in ethics, free will, and epistemology.

This book demonstrates how we can use psychology and social science in ethically evaluating film, television, and screen media. It explores both the moral content and the moral impact of screen stories, and the place media has in our lives, using cognitive evidence to support claims regarding the potential consequences of the conversations we have through media. It addresses film ethics primarily, and television, news and social media secondarily.

Mark Rowlands presents a novel analysis of three epoch-defining environmental problems: climate, extinction, and pestilence. Our climate is changing at a rate that is unprecedented and, if unchecked, disastrous. Species are disappearing hundreds or thousands of times faster than normal. COVID-19 has wreaked social and economic havoc but is merely the latest off a blossoming production line of emerging infectious diseases, many of which havethe potential to be far worse.Rowlands establishes that all three problems are consequences of choices we have made about energy, which can be divided into two major forms: fuel and food. Focusing on food choices as far more central to the issue than commonly recognized, he argues that the solution is breaking our collective habit of eating animals. Rowlands shows that in doing so, we stem our insatiable hunger for land, which he identifies as central to the problems of extinction and pestilence. He explains that reversingthe industrial farming of animals for food will first, substantially cut climate emissions, rapidly enough to allow sustainable energy technologies time to become viable alternatives; and most importantly, make vast areas of a land available for the kind of aggressive afforestation policy that heshows as necessary to bring all three problems under control. With World on Fire, Mark Rowlands identifies the source of our environmental ills and provides a compelling and accessible account of how to solve them.

This history of the 1990s underground punk renaissance in the US traces punk participation in protest movements, Latino and women-led bands, and the debate over staying DIY versus "selling out." It is full of accessible musical analysis of various styles of punk, including crust-punk, extreme hardcore, and So-Cal punk.

This work provides an introduction to the Buddhist tradition of epistemology. Designed for readers whose background training is primarily grounded in "Western" philosophy, this book presents a range of core topics from the Buddhist tradition of epistemology and puts those topics in conversation with contemporary trends in epistemology

Rising from a position of relative poverty in 1980, China is now the world''s second-largest economy and a leader in many fields of innovation. Understanding China''s new status as a technologically advanced world power and the means by which it has reached that position will be critical to policy-makers and business leaders in the years ahead. The Oxford Handbook of China Innovation provides a contemporary and authoritative view of the role of innovation in China''s extraordinary emergence. The Handbook brings together over sixty experts from universities and research institutions worldwide to describe and analyze this phenomenon with criticism, policy discussion, and views about further development. The volume focuses on the microeconomic factors in China''s growth and the way in which the steady drive for innovationhas been a critical force. Chapters cover a wide scope of topics including China''s development policies, the place of innovation in national priorities, the components of the national innovation system, and the resources required for their effective deployment. The issue of foreign influence is also addressed,including the evolution of policy towards inward foreign direct investment and knowledge transfer and China''s goals for outward foreign direct investment. As China emerges as a contender for global leadership, the Handbook provides a data-driven, accessible, and comprehensive foundation to understand and predict the challenges ahead.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] license. It is free to read at [Oxford Scholarship Online] and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Poverty is not only about material deprivation, but also about the subordination and disempowerment of poor populations. So why isn''t the emancipation and empowerment of the poor a core goal of ethical arguments for poverty reduction? Deveaux argues in this book that philosophers fail to prioritize these ends, and to recognize the moral and political agency of poor people, because they still conceive of poverty narrowly and apolitically as mere needs scarcity. By comparison, poor activists andcritical poverty researchers who see deprivation as structural exclusion and powerlessness advocate a "poor-centered," poor-led, approach to reducing poverty. Stuck in an older paradigm of poverty thinking, philosophers have failed to recognize the power and moral authority of poor communitiesΓÇöandtheir movements for justice and social change.If normative ethicists seek to contribute to proposals for just and durable poverty reduction, they will need to look to the insights and aims of "pro-poor," poor-led social movements. From rural landless workers in Brazil, to urban shack dwellers in South Africa, to unemployed workers impoverished by neoliberal economic policies in Argentina, poor-led organizations and movements advance a more political understanding of povertyΓÇöand of what is needed to eradicate it. Deveaux shows how thesegroups develop the political consciousness and collective capabilities of poor communities and help to create the basis for solidarity among poor populations. Defending the idea of a political responsibility for solidarity, she shows how nonpoor outsidersΓÇöindividuals, institutions, and statesΓÇöcanhelp to advance a transformative anti-poverty agenda by supporting the efforts of these movements.

Charles Perrings and Ann Kinzig address the broad problem of conservation, the principles that inform conservation choices, and the application of those principles to the management of the natural world. Conservation examines how conservation choices are made and demonstrates how decisions of one person or one community at one time or place affect people or communities at other times or places.

International authors from prominent researchers to emerging scholars offer an up-to-date synthesis of scholarship on Byzantine art and visual culture. This is a remarkable resource to guide readers through past and current research in this most fertile of fields.

Textbooks and other popular venues commonly present science as a progressive "brick-by-brick" accumulation of knowledge and facts. Despite its hallowed history and familiar ring, this depiction is nowadays rejected by most specialists. There currently are two competing models of the scientific enterprise: reductionism and antireductionism. Neither provides an accurate depiction of the productive interaction between knowledge and ignorance,supplanting the old metaphor of the "wall" of knowledge. This book explores an original conception of the nature and advancement of science. Marco J. Nathan''s proposed shift brings attention to a prominent, albeit often neglected, constructΓÇöthe black boxΓÇöwhich underlies a well-oiled technique for incorporating a productive role of ignorance and failure into the acquisition of empirical knowledge. The black box is a metaphorical term used by scientists for the isolation of a complex phenomenon that they have deliberately set aside or maynot yet fully understand. What is a black box? How does it work? How do we construct one? How do we determine what to include and what to leave out? What role do boxes play in contemporary scientific practice? Nathan''s monograph develops an overarching framework for thinking about black boxes and discussesprominent historical cases that used it, including Darwin''s view of inheritance in his theory of evolution and the "stimulus-response model" in psychology, among others. By detailing some fascinating episodes in the history of biology, psychology, and economics, Nathan revisits foundational questions about causation, explanation, emergence, and progress, showing how the insights of both reductionism and antireductionism can be reconciled into a fresh and exciting approach toscience.

For many centuries Jews have been renowned for the efforts they put into their children''s welfare and education. Eventually, prioritizing children became a modern Western norm, as reflected in an abundance of research in fields such as pediatric medicine, psychology, and law. In other academic fields, however, young children in particular have received less attention, perhaps because they rarely leave written documentation. The interdisciplinary symposium in thisvolume seeks to overcome this challenge by delving into different facets of Jewish childhood in history, literature, and film.No Small Matter visits five continents and studies Jewish children from the 19th century through the present. It includes essays on the demographic patterns of Jewish reproduction; on the evolution of bar and bat mitzvah ceremonies; on the role children played in the project of Hebrew revival; on their immigrant experiences in the United States; on novels for young Jewish readers written in Hebrew and Yiddish; and on Jewish themes in films featuring children. Several contributionsfocus on children who survived the Holocaust or the children of survivors in a variety of settings ranging from Europe, North Africa, and Israel to the summer bungalow colonies of the Catskill Mountains. In addition to the symposium, this volume also features essays on a transformative Yiddish poem by a SovietJewish author and on the cultural legacy of Lenny Bruce.

A unique defense of Federalism, making the case that constitutional law in AmericaΓÇöencompassing the systems of all 51 governmentsΓÇöshould have a role in assessing the right balance of power among all branches of our state and federal governments.Everything in law and politics, including individual rights, comes back to divisions of power and the evergreen question: Who decides? Who wins the disputes of the day often turns on who decides them. And our acceptance of the resolution of those disputes often turns on who the decision maker is-because it reveals who governs us. In Who Decides, the influential US Appellate Court Judge Jeffrey S. Sutton focuses on the constitutional structure of the American states to answer the question of who should decide the key questions of public policy today. By concentrating on the role of governmental structure in shaping power across the 50 American states, Sutton develops a powerful explanation of American constitutional law, in all of its variety, as opposed to just federal constitutional law. As in his earlierbook, 51 Imperfect Solutions, which looked at how American federalism allowed the states to serve as laboratories of innovation for protecting individual liberty and property rights, Sutton compares state-level governments with the federal government and draws numerous insights from the comparisons. Instead offocusing on individual rights, however, he focuses on structure, while continuing to develop some of the core themes of his previous book. An illuminating and essential sequel to his earlier work on the nature of American federalism, Who Decides makes the case that American Constitutional Law should account for the role of the state courts and state constitutions, together with the federal courts and the federal constitution, in assessing the right balance of power among all branches of government. Taken together, both books reveal a remarkably complex, nuanced, ever-changing federalist system, one that ought to makelawyers and litigants pause before reflexively assuming that the United States Supreme Court alone has the answers to our vexing constitutional questions.

Utopia's Discontents provides the first synthetic treatment of the Russian revolutionary emigration before the Revolution. It argues that neighborhoods created by Russian exiles became sites of revolutionary experimentation that offered their residents a taste of their anticipated utopian future.

Heracles is the quintessential ancient Greek hero. The rich and massive tradition associated with him encompasses myths of all kinds: quest myths, monster-fights, world-foundational myths, aetiological myths, philosophical myths, allegorical myths, and more. It informs and is informed by every genre and variety of Classical literature. The figure of Heracles opens windows onto numerous aspects of ancient religion, including those of cult, syncretism, Christianreception, the relationship between gods and heroes, and the intersection of religion with politics. The Oxford Handbook of Heracles is the first large-scale guide to Heracles, his myth-cycle the Twelve Labors, and, to the pervasive impact of the hero upon Greek and Roman culture. The first half of the volume is devoted to the lucid exposition and analysis of the ancient evidence, literary and iconographic, for Heracles'' life and deeds. In the second half, the Heracles tradition is analyzed from a range of thematic perspectives, including the contrasting projections of the figureacross the major literary genres and in art; the ways in which Greek communities and even Roman emperors exploited the figure in the fashioning of their own identities and for political advantage; his cult in Greece and Rome and its syncretism with that of the Phoenician Melqart; and Heracles'' reception in laterWestern tradition. Presenting, in 39 chapters, the authoritative work of international experts in a clear and well-structured format, this volume provides a convenient reference tool for scholars and offers an accessible starting-point for students.

Psychological entitlement, or a sense that some individuals or groups are inherently worthier of certain privileges, is an overlooked but essential feature of the persistent inequality that resists social progress and oppresses those in the margins. In the political climate that gave rise to and resulted in Donald Trump''s presidency, confusion, rage, and feelings of victimization linger among those who felt empowered by the validation felt with him intoofficeΓÇöfeelings that existed and will continue to exist independently of the former president himself. Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged confronts psychological entitlement in its many forms or related attributes, such as narcissism, to expose the ugly truths at the heart of this phenomenon. In exploring how members of advantaged groups come to understand their belief in their own worthiness relative to those in disadvantaged groups, expert psychologist Kristin J. Anderson channels her research and expertise in prejudice and discrimination to ask critical questions of the current politicaland social climate. What happens to entitled people when they feel pushed aside? How does their inflated sense of deservingness make them vulnerable to manipulation by the demagogues who use them, blinding them to the negative outcomes that are often paradoxical? What are they willing to tear down as theyscramble to keep their grip on the status and power they believe are rightfully theirs? How has entitled rage played out historically, and how do these events lend themselves to both the predictable and unpredictable manifestations of power grabs that we see now? Drawing from a wealth of timely examples and empirical literature, Anderson situates this anger as backlash against the social progress that empowers marginalized groups, even at the expense of the dominant group, if necessary. Citing historical moments such as the rage of whites directed at newly freed African Americans in the South during Reconstruction and the anger of the entitled when women have attempted to control their reproduction, Anderson traces this phenomenon over time anddelineates the link between individual-level processing of psychological deservingness and macro-level problems that impede equality, concluding with a call for action for to dominant group members to join the vibrant movements for social progress that have emerged in recent years.

A personal account of life in the orbit of Mao and Zhao En-Lai and one woman''s effort to tell what it was like to be at the center of the storm. The history of China in the twentieth century is comprised of a long series of shocks: the 1911 revolution, the civil war between the communists and the nationalists, the Japanese invasion, the revolution, the various catastrophic campaigns initiated by Chairman Mao between 1949 and 1976, its great opening to the world under Deng, and the Tiananmen Square Massacre.Yuan-tsung Chen, who is now 90, lived through most of it, and at certain points in close proximity to the seat of communist power. Born in Shanghai in 1929, she came to know Zhou En-Lai-second only to Mao in importanceΓÇöas a young girl while living in Chongqing, where Chiang KaiΓÇöShek''s government had relocated to, during the war against Japan. That connection to Zhou helped her save her husband''s life in Cultural Revolution. After the communists took power, she obtained a job in one of theculture ministries. While there, she frequently engaged with the upper echelon of the party and was a first-hand witness to some of the purges that the regime regularly initiated. Eventually, the commissar she worked under was denounced in 1957, and she barely escaped being purged herself. Later,during Cultural Revolution, she and her husband were purged and sent to live in a rough, poor area. She and her husband finally moved to Hong Kong, with Zhou''s special permission, in 1971.A first-hand account of what life was like in the period before the revolution and in Mao''s China, The Secret Listener gives a unique perspective on the era, and Chen''s vantage point provides us with a new perspective on the Maoist regime-one of the most radical political experiments in modern history and a force that genuinely changed the world.

A series of concurrent pressures in the early 2000sΓÇöclimate change, financial system crashes, economic development in rural regions, and shifts in geopoliticsΓÇöintensified interest in alternative energy production. At the same time, rising oil prices rendered alternative fuels a more economically viable option. Among these energy sources, liquid biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel) and natural gas derived from hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") took center stage aspromising commodities and technologies. But controversy quickly erupted in surprisingly similar ways around both renewable fuels. Global enthusiasm for these fuelsΓÇöand the widespread projections for their production around the worldΓÇöcollided with local politics in debates over "food versus fuel" andconcerns over "land grabs." What seemed, from a global perspective, like empty lands ripe for development were, to rural communities, vibrant and already contested spaces. As proposals for biofuels and fracking landed in specific communities and ecosystems, they reignited and reshaped old disputes over land, water, and decision-making authority. Fueling Resistance offers an account of how and why controversies over these different fuels unfolded in surprisingly similar ways in the global North and South. To explain these convergent dynamics of contention and resistance, Kate J. Neville argues that the emergence of grievances and the patterns of resistance to new fuel technologies depends less on the type of energy developed (renewable versus fossil fuel) than on intersecting elements of the political economy ofenergy: finance, ownership, and trade relations. As local commodities enter global supply chains and are integrated into existing corporate structures, opportunities arise to broker connections between otherwise disparate communities. Neville looks at biofuels in Kenya and fracking in the Canadian Yukon and shows how organizers connect specific energy projects to broader issues of globalization, climate, food, water, and justice. Taken together, the intersecting elements of the political economy of energy shape the contentious politics of biofuels and fracking at both local and global scales, and help explain how and why particular mechanisms of contention emerge at different times and places.

Learning to Look is a collection of short and accessible essays on how we experience art. In each chapter, Alva Noe starts from an experience of a particular artwork and from there shows how these works open new questions about philosophy, science, and ourselves. This is a companion work to Noe's 2019 volume, Infinite Baseball.

In A Time of Novelty, Samuel Wright re-envisions the relationship between philosophy and history in premodern India through study of the tradition of Sanskrit logic between 1500 and 1700 CE. In examining these logicians, Wright expands the ways in which we study philosophical thought by considering philosophy as deeply immersed in the felt experiences of one's life, at the confluence of thinking and feeling.