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Why did non-Muslims convert to Islam during Muhammad''s life and under his immediate successors? How did Muslim historians portray these conversions? Why did their portrayals differ significantly? To what extent were their portrayals influenced by their time of writing, religious inclinations, and political affiliations? These are the fundamental questions that drive this study.Relying on numerous works, including primary sources from over a hundred classical Muslim historians, Conversion to Islam is the first scholarly study to detect, trace, and analyze conversion themes in early Muslim historiography, emphasizing how classical Muslims remembered conversion, and how they valued and evaluated aspects of it. Ayman S. Ibrahim examines numerous early Muslim sources and wrestles with critical observations regarding the sources'' reliability and unearths thehidden link between historical narratives and historians'' religious sympathies and political agendas. This study leads readers through a complex body of literature, provides insights regarding historical context, and creates a vivid picture of conversion to Islam as early Muslim historians sought to depictit.

Large marine protected areas (MPAs) have emerged since the mid-2000s as a popular state response to the overfishing, land run-off, and climate change causing the decline of the world''s oceans. As of 2020, there were more than 14,000 MPAs in the world, most of them small, poorly managed, and often amounting to little more than "paper parks" that contribute little to ocean conservation or resource management. However, that is beginning to change. In recent years,governments, including the United States and United Kingdom, have turned their attention to protecting large swaths of ocean through MPAs hundreds of thousands of square kilometers in size.In this book, Justin Alger documents the efforts of activists and states to increase the pace and scale of global ocean protections, leading to a paradigm shift in how states conserve marine biodiversity. Through an analysis of domestic political economies, and based on three original MPA case studies located in the United States, Australia, and Palau, this book explains how states have protected millions of square kilometers of ocean space while remaining highly responsive to the interests ofbusinesses. From the commercial fishing to ecotourism sectors, business heavily influences conservation policy, occasionally leading to robust protections but more often than not to business-as-usual activity on the water. Conserving the Oceans examines the reach and the limits of business influence, examining how the domestic political economy of a given ocean space can reshape a global norm to better suit local economic realities. While recognizing important global progress and growing ambition to conserve ocean ecosystems, Alger provides a critical analysis of the processes by which global environmental norms become domestic policy. Ultimately, the book questions if we are still doing too little toprevent the worst impacts of the global environmental crisis despite the paradigm shift in global ocean conservation.

As it is popularly understood, civil disobedience is a form of constitutional patriotism: protestors have to accept legal punishment and appeal to society's core principles in order to demonstrate that they are sincere reformers, not revolutionaries. Although this template for action is based on the example of the Civil Rights Movement, Seeing Like an Activist demonstrates that it profoundly misunderstands civil rights activism. Based on historical andarchival evidence, it argues that civil rights activists turned to civil disobedience as a practice of decolonization: to emancipate themselves and others, and in the process transform the racial order.

News in Their Pockets provides the framework necessary for constructive, continuing debates over the promise and peril of digital news. It further exposes our underlying reasoning behind the adoption of the mobile phone as the all-in-one media of choice to stay socialized, entertained, and informed in the modern digital age.

Atomism in the Aeneid investigates allusions to Lucretian atomism in descriptions of indecision, violence, and disorder in Virgil's epic. Drawing upon a long tradition of anti-atomist discourse in Greek philosophy, Gorey argues that atomic imagery functions as a metaphor for cosmic and political anarchy in the Aeneid.

In Destinations in Mind, Kimberly Cassibry asks how objects depicting different sites helped Romans understand their vast empire. At a time when many cities were written about but only a few were represented in art, four distinct sets of artifacts circulated new information. Engraved silver cups list all the stops from Spanish Cádiz to Rome, while resembling the milestones that helped travelers track their progress. Vivid glass cups represent famouscharioteers and gladiators competing in circuses and amphitheaters, and offered virtual experiences of spectacles that were new to many regions. Bronze bowls commemorate forts along Hadrian''s Wall with colorful enameling typical of Celtic craftsmanship. Glass bottles display labeled cityscapes of Baiae, a notoriousresort, and Puteoli, a busy port, both in the Bay of Naples. These artifacts and their journeys reveal an empire divided not into center and periphery, but connected by roads that did not all lead to Rome. They bear witness to a shared visual culture that was divided not into high and low art, but united by extraordinary craftsmanship. New aspects of globalization are apparent in the multi-lingual placenames that the vessels bear, in the transformed places that they visualize, and in the enriched understanding of the empire''s landmarks that they impart.With in-depth case studies, Cassibry argues that the best way to comprehend the Roman Empire is to look closely at objects depicting its fascinating places.

For centuries, Arthurian legend with its tales of Camelot, romance, and chivalry has captured imaginations throughout Europe and the Americas. This book explores musical adaptations of Arthurian legend as filtered through specific versions of the tale as told by Mark Twain, T.H. White, and Monty Python.

Fandom and the Beatles: The Act You've Known for All These Years offers an insightful look into the band's enduring appeal through fan responses, exploring how The Beatles have inspired such loyalty and multigenerational popularity.

Fandom and the Beatles: The Act You've Known for All These Years offers an insightful look into the band's enduring appeal through fan responses, exploring how The Beatles have inspired such loyalty and multigenerational popularity.

Teaching Moral Sex is the first comprehensive study of the role of religion in the history of public sex education in the United States from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first. Far from being a barrier to sex education, Kristy Slominski demonstrates, religion has been deeply embedded in the history of sex education, and its legacy has shaped the terms of current debates.

When German-Jewish composer Kurt Weill arrived in the United States in 1935, he found a nation nothing like he imagined. This book tells the full story of Weill as outsider-turned-insider, showing how he was keenly attuned to the difficult relationship America had with her immigrants but was slower to grasp the subtleties of race relations.

The guiding principle of peacemaking and peacebuilding over the past quarter century has been "liberal peace": the promotion of democracy, capitalism, law, and respect for human rights. These components represent a historic effort to prevent a reoccurrence of the nationalism, fascism, and economic collapse that led to the World Wars as well as many later conflicts. Ultimately, this strategy has been somewhat successful in reducing war between countries, but it hasfailed to produce legitimate and sustainable forms of peace at the domestic level. The goals of peacebuilding have changed over time and place, but they have always been built around compromise via processes of intervention aimed at supporting "progress" in conflict-affected countries. They havesimultaneously promoted changes in the regional and global order. As Oliver P. Richmond argues in this book, the concept of peace has evolved continuously through several eras: from the imperial era, through the states-system, liberal, and current neoliberal eras of states and markets. It holds the prospect of developing further through the emerging "digital" era of transnational networks, new technologies, and heightened mobility. Yet, as recent studies have shown, only a minority of modern peace agreements survive for more than a few years and many peaceagreements and peacebuilding missions have become intractable, blocked, or frozen. This casts a shadow on the legitimacy, stability, and effectiveness of the overall international peace architecture, reflecting significant problems in the evolution of an often violently contested international anddomestic order.This book examines the development of the international peace architecture, a "grand design" comprising various subsequent attempts to develop a peaceful international order. Richmond examines six main theoretical-historical stages in this process often addressed through peacekeeping and international mediation, including the balance of power mechanism of the 19th Century, liberal internationalism after World War I, and the expansion of rights and decolonization after World War II. It alsoincludes liberal peacebuilding after the end of the Cold War, neoliberal statebuilding during the 2000s, and an as yet unresolved current "digital" stage. They have produced a substantial, though fragile, international peace architecture. However, it is always entangled with, and hindered by, blockagesand a more substantial counter-peace framework. The Grand Design provides a sweeping look at the troubled history of peace processes, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding, and their effects on the evolution of international order. It also considers what the next stage may bring.

Integrating media studies, science and technology studies, and social psychology, Deceitful Media examines the rise of artificial intelligence throughout history and exposes the very human fallacies behind this technology.

This book deals with the ways empires affect smaller communities and vice versa. It raises the question how these different types of community were integrated into larger imperial structures, and how tensions between local and central interests affected the development of the post-Roman West, Byzantium and the early Islamic world.

The world is undergoing a profound set of digital disruptions that are changing the nature of how governments counter dissent and assert control over their countries. While increasing numbers of people rely primarily or exclusively on online platforms, authoritarian regimes have concurrently developed a formidable array of technological capabilities to constrain and repress their citizens. In The Rise of Digital Repression, Steven Feldstein documents how the emergence of advanced digital tools bring new dimensions to political repression. Presenting new field research from Thailand, the Philippines, and Ethiopia, he investigates the goals, motivations, and drivers of these digital tactics. Feldstein further highlights how governments pursue digital strategies based on a range of factors: ongoing levels of repression, political leadership, state capacity, andtechnological development. The international community, he argues, is already seeing glimpses of what the frontiers of repression look like. For instance, Chinese authorities have brought together mass surveillance, censorship, DNA collection, and artificial intelligence to enforce their directives in Xinjiang. As manyof these trends go global, Feldstein shows how this has major implications for democracies and civil society activists around the world. A compelling synthesis of how anti-democratic leaders harness powerful technology to advance their political objectives, The Rise of Digital Repression concludes by laying out innovative ideas and strategies for civil society and opposition movements to respond to the digital autocratic wave.

The Ethics of Architecture offers a short and approachable scholarly introduction to a timely question: in a world of increasing population density, how does one construct habitable spaces that promote social goals such as health, happiness, environmental friendliness, and justice? A preface offers specific discussion of architecture during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Election interference is one of the most widely discussed international phenomena of the last five years. Defending Democracies seeks to bring domestic and international perspectives on elections and election law into conversation with other disciplinary frameworks, presenting a broad array of solutions.

The 28 commissioned chapters in this volume present a comprehensive overview of the ethics of war as well as make significant and novel contributions.

This book will change the way you look at money. Money may seem hopelessly mundane and culturally meaningless, but it has dominated - and documented - world history since the time of the ancient Greeks. This heavily illustrated book provides a spirited account of the first coinages and their living descendants in our pockets and purses. It explains how people from Jesus to The Beatles have used numismatics to explore the social, political, economic, and religioushistory of the world.

Gifted with an extraordinary mind, an intense spiritual passion, and an awesome charisma, Anne Hutchinson arrived in Massachusetts in 1634 and established herself as a leader of women. She held private religious meetings in her home and later began to deliver her own sermons. She inspired a large number of disciples who challenged the colony's political, social, and ideological foundations, and scarcely three years after her arrival, Hutchinson was recognized as theprimary disrupter of consensus and order - she was then banished as a heretic. The Passion of Anne Hutchinson examines issues of gender, patriarchical order, and empowerment in Puritan society through the story of a woman who sought to preach, inspire, and disrupt.

The number and size of dead zones, uninhabitable zones in our water, are on the rise. In this book, David L. Kirchman explains how they were discovered and what we can do to reduce their threat on human and aquatic life.

Misused, abused, diverted, and counterfeited, benzodiazepines have serious potential for substance use disorder, and are among the leading causes of drug-related overdose deaths. Evidence indicates that prolonged use of benzodiazepines causes a wide range of adverse reactions, and withdrawal can be particularly challenging. Nevertheless, these negative aspects have yet to be thoroughly addressed within the medical community and remain virtually unknown to patients.This book offers an in-depth discussion of the downsides of this overused class of drugs and calls for their rational and dramatically reduced usage.

Urban Gun Violence explains the abuse of automatic weapons and identifies way to mitigate this abuse.

Redefining mental health to both promote psychological well-being as well as treat psychopathological disorders is a game changer for school mental health. Fostering the Emotional Well-Being of Our Youth describes what this paradigm shift means for school mental health practices: why the promotion of students' well-being is so important; how this new paradigm will change day-to-day practices of school mental health professionals; and what the outcomes willbe for students, educators, and the schools. The book's chapters are written by some of the foremost researchers and scholars in school mental health practices, and their work will shape the profession's adaption and application of dual-factor mental health in future decades.

The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Neuroscience and Global Mental Health is the first ever comprehensive overview of this field. It explores how culture influences and affects the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mental health, and the disparities that exist in the treatment of mental health across the world.

Long before Wikileaks and social media, the journalist Drew Pearson exposed to public view information that public officials tried not to reveal. A self-professed

Between the Ottomans and the Entente presents a social history of World War I in the Syrian and Lebanese diaspora in North and South America. Working from the passports, petitions, and propaganda written by migrant activists, it documents Ottoman and French imperial projects to claim Syrian migrants for state-building and highlights nationalist resistance from abroad.

Despite the increasing public and academic interest in exonerations, Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault is the first book to examine the preponderance of sexual assault cases among US wrongful convictions. The book presents compelling coverage of high-profile wrongful conviction cases, and also lesser known cases, that reveal disturbing patterns and demand attention.

How the Economy Works is a vital, elucidating look at macroeconomics--how it developed and why it matters today. By explaining, comparing, and finally combining classical and Keynesian economics, Roger Farmer shows how to design ways of correcting the excesses of free market economies that preserve the best features of capitalism, without stifling entrepreneurship.