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In a liberal democracy, theory suggests that the political order and character of a civil society are closely connected: the political order allows for a dynamic and pluralistic civil society, and people''s civic participation encourages support for the political order. In examining the role of punishment in the U.S. and the U.K., however, Jonathan Jacobs maintains that the current state of incarceration is antithetical to the principles of a liberal democracy and betrays an abandonment of that project''s essential values. The existing system imposes harsh injustices on incarcerated people: it subjects them to inhumane prison conditions, creates numerous obstacles that block their reentry into society upon release, and erodes their capacity to participate incivic life and exercise individual moral agency. And in recent decades, the number of its people that the U.S. has incarcerated has grown dramatically.Jacobs engages with substantial philosophical literature to argue that necessary and significant reforms to the U.S. and U.K. criminal justice systems demand a serious recommitment to the values and principles of a liberal democracy. Topics include the justification and aims of punishment, the role of criminal justice within theories of a just society, and empirical considerations regarding long-term incarceration and its impact. By comprehensively exploring the relationship between criminaljustice and justice, he highlights distinctive elements of criminal justice as the basis for a retributivist conception of punishment that highlights desert and proportionality. Jacobs defends retributivism against familiar accusations that it approves vindictiveness and inevitably harms offenders, andshows how consequentialist approaches are seriously flawed. Drawing equally from both philosophy and criminology, Jacobs argues for a renewed dedication to the values and principles of a liberal democracy as critical to the possibility of criminal justice being truly just.

From Victorian anxieties about syphilis to the current hysteria over herpes and AIDS, the history of venereal disease in America forces us to examine social attitudes as well as purely medical concerns. In No Magic Bullet, Allan M. Brandt recounts the various medical, military, and public health responses that have arisen over the yearsΓÇöa broad spectrum that ranges from the incarceration of prostitutes during World War I to the establishment of requiredpremarital blood tests.Brandt demonstrates that Americans'' concerns about venereal disease have centered around a set of social and cultural values related to sexuality, gender, ethnicity, and class. At the heart of our efforts to combat these infections, he argues, has been the tendency to view venereal disease as both a punishment for sexual misconduct and an index of social decay. This tension between medical and moral approaches has significantly impeded efforts to develop "magic bullets"ΓÇödrugs that would ridus of the diseaseΓÇöas well as effective policies for controlling the infections'' spread.In this 35th anniversary edition of No Magic Bullet, Brandt reflects on recent scholarship, the persistence of sexually transmitted diseases, and the trajectory of the HIV epidemic, as they have informed contemporary conceptions of biomedicine and global health.

This revolutionary book empowers its readers by exploring enduring, challenging, and timely philosophical issues in new essays written by expert women philosophers. The book will inspire and entice these philosophers'' younger counterparts, curious readers of all genders, and all who support equity in philosophy. If asked to envision a philosopher, people might imagine a bearded man, probably Greek, perhaps in a toga, pontificating about abstract ideas. Or they might think of that same man in the Enlightenment, gripping a quill pen and pouring universal truths onto a page. They may even call to mind a much more modern man, wearing a black sweater and smoking a cigarette in a Paris café, expressing existential angst in a new novel or essay. What people are unlikely to picture, though, is a woman. Women have historically been excluded from the discipline of philosophy and remain largely marginalized in contemporary textbooks and anthologies. The under-representation of women in secondary and post-secondary curricula makes it harder for young women to see themselves as future philosophers. In fact, it makes it harder for all people to engage the valuable contributions that women have made and continue to make to intellectualthought. While some progress has been made in building a more inclusive world of philosophy, especially in the last fifty years, important work remains to be done. Philosophy for Girls helps correct the pervasive and problematic omission of women from philosophy. Divided into four sections that connect to major, primary fields in philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, social and political philosophy, and ethics), this anthology is unique: chapters are all written by women, and each chapter opens with an anecdote about a girl or woman from mythology, history, art, literature, or science to introduce chapter topics. Further, nearly all primary andsecondary sources used in the chapters are written by women philosophers. The book is written in a rigorous, academic spirit but in lively and engaging prose, making serious philosophical insights accessible to readers who are new to philosophy. This book appeals to a wide audience. Individual readers will find value in these pages—especially girls and women ages 16-24, as well as university and high school educators and students who want a change from standard anthologies that include few or no women. The book''s contributors both represent and map the diverse landscape of philosophy, highlighting its engagement with themes of gender and equity. In doing so, they encourage philosophers current and future philosophers to explore newterritory and further develop the topography of the field. Philosophy for Girls is a rigorous yet accessible entry-point to philosophical contemplation designed to inspire a new generation of philosophers.

This innovative look at eighteenth-century musical form encourages audiences and performers to experience Galant music through the eyes and ears of those who originally composed, performed, and listened to it. Author L. Poundie Burstein argues that this means approaching these compositions through the metaphor of a journey.

This revolutionary book empowers its readers by exploring enduring, challenging, and timely philosophical issues in new essays written by expert women philosophers. The book will inspire and entice these philosophers'' younger counterparts, curious readers of all genders, and all who support equity in philosophy. If asked to envision a philosopher, people might imagine a bearded man, probably Greek, perhaps in a toga, pontificating about abstract ideas. Or they might think of that same man in the Enlightenment, gripping a quill pen and pouring universal truths onto a page. They may even call to mind a much more modern man, wearing a black sweater and smoking a cigarette in a Paris café, expressing existential angst in a new novel or essay. What people are unlikely to picture, though, is a woman. Women have historically been excluded from the discipline of philosophy and remain largely marginalized in contemporary textbooks and anthologies. The under-representation of women in secondary and post-secondary curricula makes it harder for young women to see themselves as future philosophers. In fact, it makes it harder for all people to engage the valuable contributions that women have made and continue to make to intellectualthought. While some progress has been made in building a more inclusive world of philosophy, especially in the last fifty years, important work remains to be done. Philosophy for Girls helps correct the pervasive and problematic omission of women from philosophy. Divided into four sections that connect to major, primary fields in philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, social and political philosophy, and ethics), this anthology is unique: chapters are all written by women, and each chapter opens with an anecdote about a girl or woman from mythology, history, art, literature, or science to introduce chapter topics. Further, nearly all primary andsecondary sources used in the chapters are written by women philosophers. The book is written in a rigorous, academic spirit but in lively and engaging prose, making serious philosophical insights accessible to readers who are new to philosophy. This book appeals to a wide audience. Individual readers will find value in these pages—especially girls and women ages 16-24, as well as university and high school educators and students who want a change from standard anthologies that include few or no women. The book''s contributors both represent and map the diverse landscape of philosophy, highlighting its engagement with themes of gender and equity. In doing so, they encourage philosophers current and future philosophers to explore newterritory and further develop the topography of the field. Philosophy for Girls is a rigorous yet accessible entry-point to philosophical contemplation designed to inspire a new generation of philosophers.

The Covenant of Works explores the origins of the doctrine of God's covenant with Adam and traces it back to the inter-testamental period, through the patristic and middle ages, and to the Reformation. The doctrine has an ancient pedigree and was not solely advocated by Reformed theologians. The book traces the doctrine's development in the seventeenth century and its reception in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. Fesko explores thereasons why the doctrine came to be rejected by some, even in the Reformed tradition, arguing that interpretive methods influenced by Enlightenment thought caused theologians to question the doctrine's scriptural legitimacy.

The Drama of History plumbs the rich relationship between drama and philosophy. Kristin Gjesdal offers a lively and accessible discussion of the philosophical aspects of Henrik Ibsen's work. She shows how well-known nineteenth-century philosophers such as Hegel and Nietzsche develop their thoughts in interaction with the dramatic arts. At the heart of this interaction is a shared interest in exploring the existential condition of human life as lived andexperienced in history. In this sense, Gjesdal engages philosophy's capacity beyond its narrow academic confines.

In Bach's Legacy: The Music as Heard by Later Masters, renowned Bach scholar Russell Stinson examines how four of the greatest composers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - Mendelssohn, Schumann, Wagner, and Elgar - engaged with the musical legacy of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Throughout the world, many continue to experience collective violence and its long-lasting consequences. This book examines the social psychological processes involved in experiences of collective victimization and oppression, as well as the consequences of these experiences for individuals and for relations within and between groups. In twenty chapters, authors explore questions such as: How are experiences of collective victimization passed down and understood? Howdo people cope with and make sense of these experiences? Who is included and excluded from the category of "victims," and what are the psychological consequences of such denial versus acknowledgment of collective victimization? And finally, what are the ethics of researching collectivevictimization, especially when these experiences are recent or politically contested? The authors examine these questions and others across a range of different contexts of collective violence in different parts of the world, including ethnic and religious conflicts, the aftermath of genocides, post-Apartheid, consequences of settler colonialism, racism, the caste system, and national histories of victimization.

Evan Kuehn argues that historiographical assumptions about twentieth-century religious thought have obscured the coherence and relevance of the Protestant theologian Ernst Troeltsch's understanding of God, history, and eschatology. Kuehn argues that an eschatological understanding of the Absolute stands at the heart of Troeltsch's theology and the problem of historicism with which it is faced. Troeltsch's theory of the Absolute is shown to be central to his views onreligion and religious ethics and provides practitioners of constructive studies in religion with important resources for engaging with sociological and historical studies.

The Musical Discourse of Servitude presents a new theory of how the late baroque musical imagination developed by comparing the compositions of Johann Joseph Fux, J. S. Bach, and G. F. Handel.

Over the past two decades Global Legal Pluralism has become one of the leading analytical frameworks for understanding and conceptualizing law in the 21st century. Wherever one looks, there is conflict among multiple legal regimes. Some of these regimes are state-based, some are built and maintained by non-state actors, some fall within the purview of local authorities and jurisdictional entities, and some involve international courts, tribunals, and arbitral bodies,and regulatory organizations.Global Legal Pluralism has provided, first and foremost, a set of useful analytical tools for describing this conflict among legal and quasi-legal systems. At the same time, some pluralists have also ventured in a more normative direction, suggesting that legal systems might sometimes purposely create legal procedures, institutions, and practices that encourage interaction among multiple communities. These scholars argue that pluralist approaches can help foster more shared participation in thepractices of law, more dialogue across difference, and more respect for diversity without requiring assimilation and uniformity.Despite the veritable explosion of scholarly work on legal pluralism, conflicts of law, soft law, global constitutionalism, the relationships among relative authorities, transnational migration, and the fragmentation and reinforcement of territorial boundaries, no single work has sought to bring together these various scholarly strands, place them into dialogue with each other, or connect them with the foundational legal pluralism research produced by historians, anthropologists, and politicaltheorists.Paul Schiff Berman, one of the world''s leading theorists of Global Legal Pluralism, has gathered over 40 diverse authors from multiple countries and multiple scholarly disciplines to touch on nearly every area of legal pluralism research, offering defenses, critiques, and applications of legal pluralism to 21st-century legal analysis. Berman also provides introductions to every part of the book, helping to frame the various approaches and perspectives. The result is the first comprehensivereview of Global Legal Pluralism scholarship ever produced. This book will be a must-have for scholars and students seeking to understand the insights of legal pluralism to contemporary debates about law. At the same time, this volume will help energize and engage the field of Global Legal Pluralism andpush this scholarly trajectory forward into another two decades of innovation.

The first generation of the proper academic study of religion might be said to span the half century from 1963 to 2013. Supreme Court Justice Clark''s 1963 opinion clarifying that any liberal "education is not complete without a study of comparative religion or the history of religion and its relationship to the advancement of civilization" allowed the legal teaching of religion in secular universities. The end of the first generation might be marked by the 2013retirement of Professor Jonathan Z. Smith (1938-2017) from the University of Chicago where he had taught since 1968. Arguably no scholar has made a greater contribution than did Smith to establishing a proper academic study of religion. In The Proper Study of Religion, Sam Gill charts an innovative course of development for the academic study of religion by creatively engaging the legacy of Jonathan Z. Smith, Gill''s teacher and mentor for fifty years. Their careers coincided with the explosive expansion of the study of religion in secular universities in the US that began in the mid-1960s. Using an engaging narrative style, Gill builds on Smith''s work exploring an extensive range of absorbing and foundational topicsincluding: comparison as essential to academic technique and to human knowledge itself; the important role of experience, richly understood, both to academic studies of religion and to religions as lived; play, philosophically understood, as a core dynamic of Smith''s entire program; the relationship ofacademic document-based studies to the sensory-rich real world of religions; and self-moving as providing a biological and philosophical foundation on which to develop and expand upon a proper academic study of religion. The foregrounding of human self-movement, new to the study of religion, is informed by Gill''s experience as a dancer and student of dancing in cultures around the world. This book honors the work of an unforgettable giant of a man while also offering critical assessments andinnovative ideas in the effort to advance the remarkable legacy of Jonathan Z. Smith.

We often hear stories of people in terrible and seemingly intractable situations who are preyed upon by someone offering promises of help. Frequently these cases are condemned in terms of "exploiting hope." These accusations are made in a range of contexts: human smuggling, employment relationships, unproven medical ''cures.'' We hear this concept so often and in so many contexts that, with all its heavy lifting in public discourse, its actual meaning tends to losefocus. Despite its common use, it can be hard to understand precisely what is wrong about exploiting hope what can accurately be captured under this concept, and what should be done.In this book, philosopher Jeremy Snyder offers an in-depth study of hope''s exploitation. First, he examines the concept in the abstract, including a close look at how this term is used in the popular press and analysis of the concepts of exploitation and hope. This theory-based section culminates in a definitive account of what it is to exploit hope, and when and why doing so is morally problematic. The second section of the book examines the particularly dangerous cases in which unprovenmedical interventions target the most vulnerable: for example, participants in clinical trials, purchasing unproven stem cell interventions, "right to try" legislation, and crowdfunding for unproven medical interventions. This book is essential reading for ethical theorists, policymakers, and health researchers, on a topic of growing visibility and importance.

We like to think of ourselves and our friends and families as pretty good people. The more we put our characters to the test, however, the more we see that we are decidedly a mixed bag. Fortunately there are some promising strategies - both secular and religious - for developing better characters.

A seminal work in music theory for over two decades, Christopher Hasty's Meter as Rhythm is foundational to new subfields in ethnomusicology and music cognition, and recently being investigated in non-music fields from literary studies and poetics to physics and biology. This Twentieth Anniversary Edition makes the work readily available across this wide spectrum of scholarship.

Do newborns think? Do they know that "three" is greater than "two"? Do they prefer "right" to "wrong"? Laypeople hold strong beliefs on such topics. These beliefs are stories we tell ourselves about what we know and who we are. They reflect our understanding of ourselves and others, and shape our thinking about topics such as mental disorders, free will, and the afterlife. But many of these stories are misguided. We, the storytellers, are blind. How could we get it so wrong? In a novel provocative theory, Berent proposes that our errors emanate from the very principles that make our minds tick. Our blindness to human nature is rooted in human nature itself.

Professional practice in the design and execution of employee survey programs has evolved tremendously over the past decade. Advances in technology and enthusiastic new interest in talent analytics have combined to create an exciting space with a good deal of innovation along methodological lines, matched by renewed interest in the strategic role of surveys and sensing for improving organizational effectiveness. Providing solid grounding in the basic issues ofcontent development, interpreting results, and driving action, this book also addresses cutting-edge topics in the area of survey analytics (including applications of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence). Significant emphasis is given to ethical issues which are particularly salientgiven the zeitgeist for ensuring the protection of data and the privacy of survey respondents. The book is appropriate for use in advanced graduate level courses in survey research and will be a valuable shelf resource for survey practitioners whether trained formally in I-O psychology or other areas of organizational science.

In 100 years as a nation-state, Finland has become the world''s benchmark for quality in school education. Despite the fact that Finland is consistently top ranked by international performance measures, the country continues to rapidly change their curriculum and educational policies.This book documents these main curricula changes, telling the story of the future of school education in Finland as it begins to develop in 2016, 2017, and 2018 onwards. Drawing from 14 original case studies, the book presents the stories of 14 principals and 29 teachers with a systematic and methodological uniformity. Intertwining the Finnish example with a greater narrative about how universities are changing their teacher education to face the complex challenges of education in the 21stcentury, this book documents cutting-edge advancement in the field of international school education.

In recent years, there has been a rise in social movements and organizations that challenge the very foundations of liberal democracy on a global scale. Discrepancies of interests, ideological or worldview contradictions, and identity differences are more likely now to transform into destructive conflicts, and violence is used as a legitimate method for attaining political and economic goals. Drawing on the knowledge accumulated in social and political psychology,this book scrutinizes these phenomena and provides an even deeper understanding of the nature of these conflicts. The book also addresses the imperfections of liberal institutions, which can exacerbate these divides, providing crucial context for understanding contemporary political tensions and theireffects on the world''s democracies.

In this first in-depth and wide-ranging history of Christian conversion, David Kling examines the dynamic of turning to the Christian faith by individuals, families, and people groups. Global in reach and engaging recent methods and theories in conversion studies, the narrative progresses from early Christian beginnings in the Roman world to Christianity's expansion into Europe, the Americas, China, India, and Africa. Although conversion is often associated with aparticular strand of modern Christianity (evangelical) and a particular type of experience (sudden, overwhelming), when examined over two millennia, it emerges as a phenomenon far more complex than any one-dimensional profile would suggest.

A new look at Indian film dance, this book engages with the display and mobilization of the female dancing body to propose new models for theorizing film dance and music more generally. Author Usha Iyer offers a new understanding of how female dancer-actors impact narratives and the music composed for them.

The Making of the American Creative Class narrates the history of workers in New York's publishing, advertising, design, and broadcasting industries and their efforts to improve their working conditions, set against the backdrop of the economic dislocations of twentieth-century capitalism.

In What's Luck Got To Do With It? renowned law professor Edward D. Kleinbard argues that government's proper role is addressing the unfairness and injustice of brute luck. Considering government expenditure as social insurance, Kleinbard demonstrates how the path to greater economic growth, and a more equal sharing of that growth, lies in stronger government spending policies.

The first broad history of immigrant detention in the United States, Forever Prisoners narrates the stories of immigrants locked up by the US government from the late nineteenth century to the present, showing how criminality has become conflated with undocumented migrants.

One of the biggest movements in American Christianity, especially among younger evangelicals, is a groundswell of interest in the Reformed tradition. In Reformed Resurgence, Brad Vermurlen provides a comprehensive sociological account of this New Calvinist phenomenon-and what it entails for the broader evangelical landscape in the United States.

Reviving Rationality explains how Donald Trump destabilized the decades-long bipartisan consensus that federal agencies must base their decisions on evidence, expertise, and analysis. Under the Trump administration, inconvenient evidence has been ignored, experts have been sidelined, and analysis has been used to obscure facts, rather than inform the public. The results have included haphazard and incoherent policy, social division, defeats in court, ademoralized federal workforce, and a loss of faith in government's ability to respond to the pressing problems facing American society. The hard work of rebuilding a rational regulatory system will fall to future administrations.

In coordinated papers that are grounded in empirical research, the volume contributors use careful linguistic analysis to understand how attempts to translate between different disciplines can misfire in systematic ways. This problem takes on real-life significance when one of the fields is law, where how knowledge is conveyed can affect how justice is meted out.

There are legal limits on the circumstances under which states may use military force to address a perceived or actual threat. The concepts of necessity and proportionality are central to these limitations imposed by the law. Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law explores the many ways in which necessity and proportionality arise in the law on the modern battlefield, which is rapidly changing, complex, andambiguous.

Tax policy is a fundamental part of governance and encompasses difficult economic and political judgments and trade-offs across efficiency, equity, efficacy, and administration. Sensible Taxes and Practical Politics draws on economics and political science to argue that a desirable income tax has a narrow base and high tax rates, as currently exists in the United States and other high-income countries.