Bøker utgitt av Oxford University Press, USA

Philosopher Keith Lehrer outlines a view of freedom of choice based on a Kahneman-derived distinction between what he calls a first order system that is intuitive and immediate, and a higher order system of response, which he calls a second system of scientific analysis. Lehrer argues that freedom of choice is an expression of attention to the higher order system, and that what is often called free will is often just doing what you desire, a response that neglects consideration of other options. Freedom of choice acknowledges those options, and preference among them forms in response to the acceptance of evidence. We might suppose that in responding to beliefs that one has attended to evidence, but that is a delusion, because our higher order acceptance of evidence can be overwhelmed by the fixation created by first level belief.

Writing the Brain analyzes the intersections, overlaps, and cross pollutions between early brain science and literature between 1800 and 1880 in England and the United States. Many of the foundational insights of modern neuroscience were made during this period, but they have rarely received extended scholarly attention in literary studies. Author Stefan Schöberlein changes that by reading literary genres and neuroscientific discoveries in tandem, often with particular attention to technological similes and metaphors. It revisits canonical works (Whitman, Dickens, Poe) and presents newly discovered periodical texts, often coupled with historical illustrations. The resulting study sketches out a new, transatlantic field of inquiry as well as a new corpus of texts for readers and scholars of the nineteenth century.

In Purging the Odious Scourge of Atrocities, Bruce Cronin explains the growth of a small body of human rights law that bans the use of violence against a state's own population when it is deemed a mass atrocity, regardless of whether they have accepted it by signing treaties, or whether it is consistent with widespread state practice. Specifically, Cronin offers a theory of international law that explains how the international community developed universal bans on genocide; widespread, systematic attacks on civilian populations; torture; and the violation of civilian immunity in civil wars. By allowing us to rethink the mechanisms that give international law actual force, Purging the Odious Scourge of Atrocities promises to reshape our understanding of why states abide by human rights norms they never consented to by treaty.

How to Take Skepticism Seriously argues that philosophical skepticism--the idea that we cannot know anything definitive about the world around us--is false for straightforward reasons that we can all appreciate when we reflectively work from within our everyday practices, procedures, and commitments. No epistemological theory-building is needed. Adam Leite thus offers a resolution to a problem that has haunted philosophy since Descartes, implements and defends a neglected methodological approach, and elucidates the tradition of G. E. Moore and J. L. Austin. While engaging with prominent work in contemporary epistemology, the book offers a fundamentally different understanding of the relation between core philosophical issues and everyday life.

Queer Studies and Education: An International Reader explores how the category queer, as a critical stance or set of perspectives, contributes to opportunities individually and collectively for advancing (queer) social justice within the context and concerns of schooling and education. The collection takes up this general goal by presenting a cross-section of international perspectives on queer studies in education. Collectively, the chapters critically engage with heteronormativity and normativity more generally as a political spectrum, over a broad range of formal and informal sites of education, and against a backdrop of critiques of liberalism and neoliberalism as the frameworks through which 'achievable' social change and belonging are fostered, particularly within educational settings.

A central debate among scholars of Marx concerns whether Marxism has a moral content or is totally "amoral"--perhaps either because it embraces a strict economic determinism or because it nihilistically sides with the proletariat without offering any objective justification for that stance. Philosopher Vanessa Christina Wills argues that Marx does articulate an ethical perspective that is present throughout his writings, both the more obviously humanistic and philosophical early writings and his later, economic and more empirically-grounded studies such as Capital. The purposiveness of labor gives rise to a normativity already inherent in the present state of things, one that can guide us in knowing what sort of world we should build and that further, prepares us to build it.

Restoring Forests and Trees for Sustainable Development utilizes a multidisciplinary perspective to analyze and discuss the various opportunities and challenges of restoring tree and forest cover. It examines forest restoration commitments, policies and programs, their implementation at different scales and contexts, and how forest restoration helps to mitigate environmental, societal, and cultural challenges. This book explores how restoration affects forest ecosystem services, contributes to biodiversity conservation, and generates benefits and synergies, while recognizing the considerable costs, tradeoffs, and variable feasibility of its implementation.

Citizen Knowledge discusses how various forms of knowledge are dealt with in societies that combine a democratic political system with a capitalist economic system. How do citizens learn about politics? How are scientific insights taken up in politics? What role can markets play for processing decentralized knowledge? Lisa Herzog argues that the fraught relation between democracy and capitalism gets out of balance if too much knowledge is treated according to the logic of markets. Complex societies need different mechanisms for dealing with knowledge, among which democratic deliberation and expert communities are central. Citizen Knowledge develops the vision of an egalitarian society that considers the use of knowledge in society a matter of shared democratic responsibility.

This book offers readers new tools to understand how the music of J. S. Bach has been received by later generations. It focuses on the organ works, allowing readers to understand him as both composer and performer. The later generations here have championed the music in various ways: they performed it, edited it for publication, and shared it with their family and friends. This book thus is a history of performance practice, an aesthetic history of musical taste, and a social history.

Featuring overlapping recommendations for HIV and COVID-19, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023 is the AAHIVM's end-to-end clinical resource for the treatment of individuals with HIV/AIDS, now updated to include injectable antiretroviral treatment and long-term viral remission.

Kings in All but Name illustrates how Japan was an ethnically diverse state from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries, closely bound by trading ties to Korea and China. It reveals new archaeological and textual evidence proving that East Asia had integrated trading networks long before the arrival of European explorers and shows how mining techniques improved and propelled East Asian trade. The story of the Ouchi rulers contradicts the belief that this was a period of warfare and turmoil in Japan, and instead, proves that this was a stable and prosperous trading state where rituals, policies, politics, and economics were interwoven and diverse.

Written by a leading authority on supply chain management, The Nature of Supply Networks synthesizes decades of research to understand supply networks as a complex adaptive system. Incorporating network concepts and theories, Thomas Y. Choi describes the basic structural elements of supply networks and their organization, and examines the dynamic and evolutionary patterns of supply networks. Choi then considers a host of specific issues--control vs. emergence, nexus suppliers, and cyber security--as well as how supply networks will evolve with increased disruptions from extreme weather patterns, trade wars, and other unforeseen events.

Ethics in the Hebrew Bible and Beyond provides a thoughtful discussion of biblical composers' treatment of ethical issues and offers an engaging overview of the ways in which these texts have been appropriated, in particular by Jewish contributors. This volume serves to challenge readers' own assumptions about biblical ethics, the applicability and the various meanings and messages that might be derived from an engagement with key biblical texts.

Black Students Matter helps mental health professionals develop cultural humility in their clinical practice with Black children and families while also educating them on the how intergenerational trauma and systemic racism negatively effect their mental health. Duncan offers an innovative solution to the issue by providing ways to integrate play therapy into individual, group, and family therapy sessions to help Black children and families heal from racial trauma.

Why does citizenship emerge, historically, and why does it maintain traction, even if in compromised forms? How can citizenship and democracy be revived? Learning from history and building on emerging social and political developments, David Jacobson and Manlio Cinalli provide the foundations for citizenship's third revolution. They consider three historical periods for citizenship and reveal the underlying principles of citizenship--and its radical promise. Jacobson and Cinalli demonstrate how the effective functioning of citizenship depends on human connections that are relational and non-contractual, illustrate how rights can undermine as well as reinforce civic society, and document the emerging foundations of a "21st century guild" as a basis for repairing our democracies.

This work presents essays by Rached Ghannouchi, a prominent Muslim thinker and politician, on the meaning of freedom, democracy, pluralism, and constitutionalism in Islam, reflecting a turn in Islamist thought and practice towards embracing pluralist democracy. It makes available a number of Ghannouchi's most important essays for the first time. The book also includes a lengthy philosophical-theological dialogue between Ghannouchi and Andrew March, an American political theorist.

Big data is radically reshaping the modern battlefield. This book examines how bodies of international law might apply to the uses of big data and how big data exposes gaps and interpretive ambiguities in existing legal frameworks. While big data holds enormous promise, it also has the potential to disrupt modern warfare and the rule of law itself.

In the nineteenth century, history was becoming a science while at the same time, theology was vying for a place among the sciences and in the university. In the midst of these developments, theologians were grappling with how theology and history could relate. This book examines one such important Dutch theologian, Herman Bavinck, and explores the intersection between theology and history in his methodology by considering Bavinck's intellectual and historical context and then seeing how that context influenced his understanding of revelation, confession, and Christian consciousness.

In this book, Chris Haufe examines the idea of fruitfulness - the generative power that some ideas possess in abundance - in the context of science. He examines questions such as, what makes some ideas especially fruitful? How do practitioners in mathematics and the natural sciences reliably select particularly fruitful conveyances for their investigations? And how does each of these questions bear on the power of rational inquiry?

Teaching to Live explores the connections between religion, education, and struggles for freedom within African American communities throughout the twentieth century by examining the lives of African American activist-educators. Almeda M. Wright interrogates how religion inspired them to educate in radical and transformative ways and invites readers to continue exploring how these concepts will evolve for future generations of activist-educators.

Donation-based crowdfunding is an increasingly common and visible practice where campaigners ask friends, family, and even complete strangers for help. It isn't unusual to see these campaigns in the news and on social media following a tragedy or disaster and they have helped millions of people. However, crowdfunding also creates serious ethical and political problems, including undermining privacy, worsening social inequities and injustices, and encouraging fraud and misinformation. This book presents these concerns in the context of more traditional giving practices. It ends with values to guide crowdfunding and suggestions for how to engage in crowdfunding in less problematic ways.

How Free Are We? contains a collection of edited interviews from The Free Will Show, a podcast by the philosophers Taylor W. Cyr and Matthew T. Flummer. In an accessible and conversational format, a variety of leading scholars introduce the main issues, questions, and arguments in the free will debate.