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This book uniquely uses graphs and diagrams to build an understanding of the methods for measuring the surface area and local deposition of nanoparticles in lungs and the effectiveness of respirators in case of nanoparticles exposure. It begins by discussing radon and health. It reviews spectrometry and measurement of nanoparticle activity in the lungs. It discusses the assessment of nanoparticle surface area by measuring unattached fraction of radon progeny, explores the unattached radon progeny as an experimental tool, and discusses the impact of dosage on health effects.

This book has the ambition to gather, for the first time, chapters describing scientific computing and numerical modeling for a deeper understanding of mechanisms involved in skin physiology. The book is structured around some skin properties and functions, including optical and biomechanical properties, skin barrier function, and homeostasis, covered through several chapters describing either biological or physical models at different scales.

Most modern books on Einstein emphasize the genius of his relativity theory and the corresponding corrections and extensions of the ancient space-time concept. However, Einstein¿s opposition to the use of probability in the laws of nature and particularly in the laws of quantum mechanics are often portrayed as outdated. This book takes a different view and shows that Einstein created a "Trojan horse" ready to unleash forces against the use of probability as a basis for the laws of nature.

This book melds essays on biotechnology written by scientists into science fiction stories. It opens a conversation about the morality of what we may one day be, and what it may mean to be human as our biotechnological endeavors continue to evolve. The biotechnology "revolution," launched on a global scale many decades ago, has taken a direct course toward re-creating life. Yet there are still many choices to be made in shaping the future that it may one day make possible. The book motivates readers toward deep reflection and continual discourse, which is essential if biotechnology is to evolve in ethical, meaningful, and sustainable ways.

This book presents the applications of nanomaterials in sensors, life support systems, regenerative fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, robust light weight materials, nanoelectronics, and electromagnetic shielding. With chapters by experts at the forefront of the field, the book examines recent research, development, and applications of nanomaterials.

This book stems from the first international meeting on "Microvesicles and Nanovesicles in Health and Disease" held at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 2010. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together, for the first time, a range of experts from around the world to discuss the latest advances in this field. Key to the study of these vesicles is the availability of methodologies for their measurement in biological fluids. A major section of the meeting focused on a range of exciting new technologies which have been developed for this purpose.

A great deal of scientific interest has been focused on the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies. The understanding of interparticle interactions is necessary to clarify the physics of these assemblies and their use in the development of high-performance magnetic materials. This book reviews prominent research on the static and dynamic magnetic properties of nanoparticle assemblies. It gathers experimental and computational techniques that reveal the optimized magnetic properties of nanoparticles for biomedical uses and as ultra-high magnetic recording media.

This book provides quick access to quantum mechanics without dealing with a true textbook that demands proper specialized studies in physics (and related mathematics) for about a couple of years. It consists of three parts: basic formalism, formal development, and ontological issues. The 70 figures are a crucial instrument for becoming acquainted in a "representative" way with abstract problems, and the 30 in-section boxes assist readers understand for difficult mathematical problems. The book offers a considerable number of clear and analytical treatments of what are considered the most difficult conceptual problems of the theory.

With contributions from leading researchers and government experts involved with the safety assessment of nanomaterials, this book gives an up-to-date review on the safety of engineered nanomaterials and their impact on health and the environment. It covers the whole nanomaterial life cycle¿from production, transport, and distribution in the environment to biological responses and toxicology. The book also addresses occupational safety measures as well as societal and economic contexts, such as medical applications of nanomaterials, public acceptance, and risk communication and management.

This handbook, written by leading international experts, provides an overview of the state of the art of safety assessment of nanomaterials in context of their application in nanomedicine. The volume includes a historical perspective on the development of nanomedicine(s) and their regulation, and a personal view of the future of (nano)medicine by Patrick Hunziker, president of the European Society of Nanomedicine. The volume includes a series of chapters on organ-specific toxicities of nanomaterials, including pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity, neurotoxicity, dermatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, as well as a discussion on immunotoxicity and genotoxicity.

With the increased adoption of natural science tools in economics, anthropology, and political science, to name only a few social scientific fields highlighted in this volume, quantitative methods in the humanities are becoming more common. This book offers a tour of quantitative analyses, models, and simulations of humanities and social science phenomena that have been historically the purview of qualitative methods. This is the first book of its kind that deals with computer modeling in both the humanities and the social sciences, and thus, simultaneously creates and explores new ground.

The book introduces the latest advances in dental materials and biomaterials science. It contains a comprehensive introduction and covers ceramic, metallic, and polymeric oral biomaterials. The contributing authors are from all over the world and are distinguished in their disciplines. A solid primer for dental students, the book is also highly recommended for students of engineering and basic science who want to gain an insight in contemporary biomaterials science. For medical practitioners, the book offers an invaluable opportunity to learn about the latest steps in dental biomaterials.

Developments in nature and materials sciences are based on the investigation and understanding of nano-scaled properties of matter. This book presents the developments in X-ray diffraction and scattering methods.

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have the potential to make a significant contribution to the increasing energy needs of the future. In this book, 15 chapters written by selected experts explore the required characteristics of components present in an OPV device, such as transparent electrodes, electron- and hole-conducting layers, as well as electron donor and acceptor materials. Design, preparation, and evaluation of these materials targeting highest performance are discussed. This includes contributions on modeling down to the molecular level to device-level electrical and optical testing and modeling, as well as layer morphology control and characterization. The integration of the different components in device architectures suitable for mass production is described. Finally, the technical feasibility and economic viability of large-scale manufacturing using fast inexpensive roll-to-roll deposition technologies is assessed.

Using an interdisciplinary approach, this book provides a comprehensive discussion about nanocomposites for remediation of waste water and microbial treatment. It presents the fundamental knowledge and recent advancements for research and development. It covers biopolymers-based nanocomposites for organic\inorganic pollutant removal and techniques for decontamination of water.

This up-to-date and detailed introduction first presents basic concepts and fundamental questions before introducing various bulk materials of increasing chemical and structural complexity. It then describes the role played by the electronic structure in the thermoelectric performance of different materials. It also considers novel materials based on organic semiconductors and conducting polymers as well as recent advances in thermoelectric phenomena at the nanoscale. Exercises with solutions can be used as control tests and reflect recent research.

Biomaterials are produced in situ and in vivo in the body using mainly hydration reactions, that is, reactions between phosphates, silicates or aluminates, and water. The nanostructural integration of these biomaterials in the body is controlled by six mechanisms. This book describes the new biomaterials based on nanostructural chemically bonded bioceramics and discusses their general and specific properties. It presents an overview of the nanostructural chemically bonded bioceramics, including their processing aspects, properties, integration with tissues, relation to other bioceramics and biomaterials, and nanostructural integration in different dental and orthopaedic applications.

This book explores why cobalt oxides have drawn interest as functional materials due to their peculiar physical properties partially originating from a rich variety of the valence and spin state of cobalt ions. The book starts with the basics of condensed matter physics and advances toward the strong electron correlation system stage. It also provides up-to-date information on topics, such as thermoelectric power, superconductivity, solid oxide fuel cells, and nanostructure effect.

This book introduces current computational technology and examines the applications of nano structures in renewable energy, and the associated research topics. It addresses the current commonly used computational technologies, and their applications in study of nanoscale energy transport and conversion. The book will be useful to graduate-level students who want to explore this new field of research. With content relevant to both academic and commercial viewpoints, the book will also interest researchers and postgraduates as well as consultants in the renewable energy industry.