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Fluorescent indicators enable the imaging of dynamic changes in cell metabolism. This book covers for the first time imaging at all scales, from macro to sub-micro (super-resolution). All the contributors are at the cutting edge of their field.

This book contains studies on the synthesis of fullerene nanowhiskers (FNWs), fullerene nanotubes (FNTs), and fullerene nanosheets, and the structural, mechanical, semiconducting, and thermal properties of FNWs and related fullerene nanomaterials.

This book compiles cutting-edge research in membrane science, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, working on membrane design, membrane process engineering, and selected materials and practices for enhanced transport mass, charge, and energy. The topics covered in this book include the design of new nanostructured membranes with improved properties, together with the identification of efficient transport¿property relationships. This book shares and strengthens the knowledge of making membrane technology a much more powerful and eco-friendly route.

This book focuses on recent developments in the field of green biopolymers and nanomaterials, especially bionanostructured materials and bionanocomposites. Highlights include a detailed discussion of bionanostructured material, food packing reviews, water remediation, and other industrial applications. The book is aimed at beginners in this field.

This book attempts to encompass the state of the science regarding physicochemical characterization of ENMs. It illuminates the effort to understand these properties and how they may be used to ensure safe ENM deployment in existing or future materials and products

This book focuses on the preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology.

This book has been written after the author's discovery of a new way in which wave phenomena occur. In the history of science, this is the first time we have realized this new way¿the emission origin of waves¿of producing wave phenomena. The emission origin for wave phenomena is not incompatible with the ideas of quantum theory; rather, it justifies the use of probabilistic methods of quantum theory. However, the emission origin for waves shows that quantum theory is statistically incomplete in, precisely, Einstein's sense. Underlying the ideas of quantum theory, there exists then a certain, previously unexplored, conceptual framework. This book describes such a conceptual framework.

This book gives details of how surgery of the hip joint has evolved around the world. The 22 original chapters are written by experienced consultants, including Drs. John O'Donnell (Melbourne, Australia), Manfred Krieger and Ilan Elias (Frankfurt, Germany), and Nicholas Goddard (London, U.K.). The book focuses on several important topics such as the direct anterior approach to the hip joint, setup of a total hip in a day, early experiences in outpatient hip surgery, advances in short-stem total hip arthroplasty, hemophilic hip joint arthropathy, mesenchymal stem cell treatment of cartilage lesions in the hip over the next few decades, and minimally invasive surgery of the hip joint.

The field of molecular materials represents an exciting playground for the design, tailoring, and combination of chemical building blocks as carriers of physical properties and aims at the understanding and development of novel functional molecular devices. Within this extraordinarily widespread framework, the realization of materials with the desired functionalities can only be achieved through a rational design strategy based on a solid understanding of the chemical and physical features of each constituting building block.This book provides a general overview of molecular materials, discussing their key features in a simple and organic way by focusing more on basic concepts rather than on specialized descriptions, in order to supply the non-expert reader with the immediate fundamental tools and hints to understand and develop research in this field. With this view, it is a step-by-step guide toward the preparation of functional molecular materials, where the knowledge and understanding so far attained by the scientific community through the investigation of significant archetypical examples is deconstructed down to the fundamental basis and then presented in reverse, from the base to the top.

In the age of digitization our society is transformed into a new state. In particular, machine intelligence dramatically elevates our capability to create and digest information. In the most important area of histo-pathology, the interpretation of tissue slices from cancer patients, informatics will have an early and huge impact on treatment decisions and probably will act as the leading discipline for this transformation in medicine. Tissue Phenomics provides a comprehensive methodology aiming at the discovery of the most accurate tissue-based decision support algorithm by close integration of assay development, image analysis and bioinformatics, and optimization feedback loops.

This book compiles cutting-edge research in membrane science, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, working on membrane design, membrane process engineering, and selected materials and practices for enhanced transport mass, charge, and energy.

In recent years, utilization of the abundant advantages of quantum physics, quantum dots, quantum wires, quantum wells, and nanocrystals has attracted considerable scientific attention in the field of nonvolatile memory. Nanocrystals are the driving element that have brought the nonvolatile flash memory technology to a distinguished height. However, new approaches are still required to strengthen this technology for future applications. This book details the methods of fabrication of nanocrystals and their application in baseline nonvolatile memory and emerging nonvolatile memory technologies.

An introductory text designed to acquaint undergraduate and graduate students with the basic theory and interpretative techniques of mass spectrometry. It presents the mass spectra of the major classes of organic compounds and correlates the fragmentation pattern of each spectrum with the structural features of the compound it represents.

Devices based on disordered semiconductors have wide applications. This textbook connects characteristic features of the atomic and electronic structures of disordered semiconductors and the device design process on the basis of these materials.

The book provides details of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces and discusses methods of fabrication of these surfaces based on the organic¿inorganic nanohybrids. It covers recent applications of these surfaces, especially in environmental and energy applications. It is very useful in understanding the surface property of various materials and their potential applications and is a valuable guide for graduate students and scientists who have a background in chemistry, chemical engineering, material science and engineering, nanotechnology, surface science and engineering, and industrial coating application areas.

Demonstrates that there is much to be learned about the optics of nanomaterials. Through comparative analysis of the size-dependent optical response from nanomaterials, this shows that although strides have been made in computational chemistry and physics, bridging length scales from nano to macro remains a major challenge.

This book presents the current state of the art of understanding the physics of optical gain in organic systems and provides a complete description of the most recent advances in organic lasers, including both the structures currently closest to application as well as the fascinating and unconventional systems. It starts with the basic aspects of the optical gain process and then progressively introduces the most advanced research topics, discussing the state of the art of active material development and the physics and development of fascinating systems for organic lasers, such as random lasers and microcavities in strong coupling, and many more.

The main content of the book is devoted to the basics of classical mechanics, quantum chemistry methods for molecular disordered materials, classical methods of molecular simulations of disordered materials, vibronic interactions, and applications (presented as multiscale strategy for atomistic simulation of photonic materials).

This book starts with the general physics of surface plasmons and a brief introduction of the most prominent research topics, followed by computational techniques for light scattering by small particles. Then, a few special topics are highlighted, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering, optical nanoantennas, optical force, plasmonic waveguides and circuits, and gain-assisted plasmon resonances and propagation. The book also discusses the fundamental and representative properties and research in this field, which can help graduate students and researchers get a quick introduction to this field.

The book will contain the synthesis, characterization, and applications of various Ruthenium complexes as chemotherapeutic agents. The book will also cover the introduction to chemotherapy, classification of Ru- complexes with respect to their oxidation states and geometry, Ruthenium complexes of nano size: shape and binding- selectivity, binding of ruthenium complexes with DNA, DNA cleavage studies and cytotoxicity.

The growth of power electronics, centering on inverters and converters as its key system topology, has accelerated recently due to the demand for efficient power conversion. This growth has also been backed up by several evolutionary changes and breakthroughs achieved in the areas of power semiconductor device physics, process technology, and design. The book is filled with unique topics related to power semiconductors, including tips on state-of-the-art and futuristic-oriented applications. Numerous diagrams, illustrations, and graphics are included to adequately support the content and to make the book extremely attractive as a practical and user-friendly.

Low-dimensional compounds are molecules that correspond to various shapes such as rod, ladder (one-dimensional compounds), and sheet (two-dimensional compounds). They are ordinarily found in electromagnetic fields.

In this book, we introduce Bio-TRIZ and ontology engineering to match and find technologies needed for spiritually affluent lifestyles. This book provides many examples of Japanese cities that conducted lifestyle design projects based on nature technology.

Capacitance spectroscopy refers to techniques for characterizing the electrical properties of semiconductor materials, junctions, and interfaces, all from the dependence of device capacitance on frequency, time, temperature, and electric potential. This book includes 15 chapters written by world-recognized, leading experts in the field, academia, national institutions, and industry, divided into four sections: Physics, Instrumentation, Applications, and Emerging Techniques. The first section establishes the fundamental framework relating capacitance and its allied concepts of conductance, admittance, and impedance to the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors. The second section reviews the electronic principles of capacitance measurements used by commercial products, as well as custom apparatus. The third section details the implementation in various scientific fields and industries, such as photovoltaics and electronic and optoelectronic devices. The last section presents the latest advances in capacitance-based electrical characterization aimed at reaching nanometer-scale resolution.

Immunology has emerged as a key component of the curricula of graduate and postgraduate courses in biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and other interdisciplinary fields of biology, including zoology, veterinary science, and medicine.