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This text develops the proposition that international law on the subject of interstate force is better derived from practice than from treaties. It assembles a body of evidence to support practice-based rules of law on the subject of force.

A biography of Michael Schlatter, organizer of the German Reformed Church in Pennsylvania, first published in 1857 by the Pennsylvania German writer Henry Harbaugh. Examines the early German church in America and early German settlements in Philadelphia.

A travel guide to western Pennsylvania's rivers and navigable waterways, first published in 1855. Includes detailed maps, notes, and charts. Documents the original path of the Allegheny and its tributaries, which have since been changed by the Kinzua Dam and other man-made alterations to the landscape.

This work is about a widely-shared desire among citizens for a vibrant and effective social discourse of legitimation. Arguing that what is needed is social dialogue about how choices are made, and not more philosophical theories, the author propounds his idea of "justice as civility".

Henry W Shoemaker authored hundreds of pamphlets and books on nature, history, and folklore. He was the publisher of several influential newspapers in Pennsylvania, including the "Altoona Tribune" and the "Reading Eagle". This title includes some of the early writings of folklorist Henry W Shoemaker.

Henry W Shoemaker authored hundreds of pamphlets and books on nature, history, and folklore. He was the publisher of several influential newspapers in Pennsylvania, including the "Altoona Tribune" and the "Reading Eagle". This title includes some of the early writings of folklorist Henry W Shoemaker.

Studies the path of natural philosophy (i.e., physics) from Isaac Newton through Scotland into the nineteenth-century background to the modern revolution in physics. Examines how the history of science has been influenced by John Robison and other notable intellectuals of the Scottish Enlightenment.

"Fawzia Afzal-Khan''s excellent book could stand as a reply to those hostile critics who today attack ''multiculturalism'' for reductively politicizing literature. In her trenchant discussion, Afzal-Khan shows just how complex the politics of ''liberation'' can be for colonial and postcolonial novelists." -Gerald Graff, University of Chicago"Afzal-Khan''s study is a major new contribution to the related fields of Indian writing in English and post-colonial literatures. Focused primarily on four Indian novelists, its arguments and conclusions are of vital importance to our understanding of the many new literatures from the former British colonies. Through her judicious use of the theoretical constructs of Frantz Fanon, Fredric Jameson, Edward Said, and others, Afzal-Khan has produced a fresh and compelling interpretation of the Indian-English novel."-Amritjit Singh, Rhode Island CollegeCultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel focuses on the novels of R. K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, and Salman Rushdie and explores the tension in these novels between ideology and the generic fictive strategies that shape ideology or are shaped by it. Fawzia Afzal-Khan raises the important question of how much the usage of certain ideological strategies actually helps the ex-colonized writer deal effectively with post-colonial and post-independence trauma and whether or not the choice of a particular genre or mode employed by a writer presupposes the extent to which that writer will be successful in challenging the ideological strategies of "containment" perpetuated by most Western "orientalist" texts and writers. She argues that the formal or generic choices of the four writers studied here reveal that they are using genre as an ideological "strategy of liberation" to help free their peoples and cultures from the hegemonic strategies of "containment" imposed upon them. She concludes that the works studied here constitute an ideological rebuttal of Western writers'' denigrating "containment" of non-Western cultures. She also notes that self-criticism, as implied in Rushdie''s works, is not be confused with self-hatred, a theme found in Naipaul''s work.

This timely volume examines the health care systems of Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All democratic and affluent, with well-educated populations and high health standards, these countries have interacted with each other extensively over the years in commercial, cultural, and scientific affairs. The essayists, all resident health care experts, address here the ways in which their countries influence, and are influenced by, the health care systems of other countries studied here. They also examine their common problems-not least the increasing pressure to serve aging populations while maintaining economic balance.Each covering a different country, the chapters detail the various components of national health care systems: the role, choices, and financial responsibility of the patient, physician training and influence, the organization and financing of hospitals, provisions for care of the elderly and mentally ill, public health services, the role of private health insurance, national health expenditures and efforts at cost containment, and the role of government. Each chapter is supplemented with a wealth of statistical data relevant to the respective country.The final chapter by Marshall W. Raffel addresses some of the overarching issues that emerge from the study of these ten countries. While not proposing a solution to all of the problems of health care systems, this volume provides information and insights for those examining and addressing the organizational and financial issues in their own countries.Contributors are Peggy Leatt, A. Paul Williams, Allan Krasnik, Signild Vallgårda, Wolfgang Greiner, J.-Matthias v.d.Schulenburg, Marie-Pascal Pomey, Jean-Pierre Poullier, Toshitaka Nakahara, J. A. M. (Hans) Maarse, Claudia Scott, Stefan Håkansson, Sara Nordling, Peter R. Hatcher, Marshall W. Raffel, and Norma K. Raffel.

Bringing together new work from many of the leading experts on democratic citizenship, this volume presents both normative argument and empirical analysis to help deepen our understanding of the various competences that citizens require if there is to be a flourishing democratic political order in our present age.The essays explore the following themes: (1) the essential components of democratic citizenship and how these can be fostered; (2) the state of citizen competence in various democratic regimes; (3) civil society as a crucial site for the exercise and development of democratic citizenship; (4) new findings that show democratic citizens to have more political information and behave more rationally than hitherto supposed; and (5) the theory and practice of new institutional forms for democratic deliberation and democratic control.The final section of the book explores new and revitalized forms of democratic participation as well as the kind of participation that is likely to foster a wide variety of citizen competences. The discussion runs from what we know and can expect from town meetings, to the value of public work in fostering a democratic citizenry, to entirely new forms for expressing citizen judgment.

An analytical survey of persistent controversies that have shaped the field of sociology. The author defines, clarifies and proposes solutions to these critical issues through commentary on the writings of such influential social theorists as Hobbes, Marx, Weber, Merton and Schutz.

An exploration of the intersection between the work of Michel Foucault and feminist theory, focusing on Foucault''s theories of sex/body, identity/subject, and power/politics.Like the other books in this series, this volume seeks to bring a feminist perspective to bear on the interpretation of a major figure in the philosophical canon. In the case of Michel Foucault, however, this aim is somewhat ironic because Foucault sees his work as disrupting that very canon. Since feminists see their work as similarly disruptive, Foucault and feminism would seem to find much common ground, but, as the contributors to this collection reveal, the matter is not so simple. Foucault, like many feminists, is centrally concerned with questions related to sexuality and the body. This concern has led both Foucault and feminists to challenge the founding concept of the modernist philosophical canon: the disembodied transcendental subject. For both Foucault and feminists, this subject must be deconstructed and a new concept of identity articulated. The exciting possibilities of a Foucaultian approach to issues of the subject and identity, especially as they relate to sex and the body, are detailed in several of the essays collected here.Despite these possibilities, however, Foucault''s approach has raised serious questions about an equally crucial area of feminist thought-politics. Some feminist critics of Foucault have argued that his deconstruction of the concept "woman" also deconstructs the possibility of a feminist politics. Several essays explore the implications of this deconstruction for feminist politics and suggest that a Foucaultian feminist politics is not viable. Overall, this collection illustrates the range of interest Foucault''s thought has generated among feminist thinkers and both the advantages and liabilities of his approach for the development of feminist theory and politics.Contributors are Nancy Fraser, Nancy Hartsock, Judith Butler, Ellen L. McCallum, Linda Alcoff, Honi Haber, Jana Sawicki, Jon Simons, Monique Deveaux, Moya Lloyd, Amy Allen, and Terry Aladjem.Susan J. Hekman is Professor of Political Science and Associate Dean of Graduate Programs, College of Liberal Arts, at the University of Texas at Arlington. She is the author of, most recently, Moral Voices, Moral Selves: Carol Gilligan and Feminist Moral Theory (Penn State, 1995) and Gender and Knowledge: Elements of a Postmodern Feminism (Northeastern, 1990).

To studies of Brazilian slavery this book adds a new dimension by showing how it developed in a region where mining was the chief commercial activity and how important a role gender played in this frontier setting in creating opportunities for slaves to achieve some measure of autonomy, compared with slaves who worked in sugar-cane and coffee-growing areas.The interactions among masters, slaves, and royal officials were profoundly shaped by the accessibility and widespread dispersal of gold deposits, the emergence of small urban centers in which commercial activities thrived, the sexual division of labor among slaves working in mining and commerce, and the changing sex ratio within the population of free white colonists settling in the region.Focusing attention on the changing status, autonomy, and influence of nonwhite women, the author argues, is one of the most effective ways of understanding the economic, demographic, and cultural evolution of the slave society as a whole.Kathleen J. Higgins is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Iowa.

Henry W Shoemaker authored hundreds of pamphlets and books on nature, history, and folklore. He was the publisher of several influential newspapers in Pennsylvania, including the "Altoona Tribune" and the "Reading Eagle". This title includes some of the early writings of folklorist Henry W Shoemaker.

Henry W Shoemaker authored hundreds of pamphlets and books on nature, history, and folklore. He was the publisher of several influential newspapers in Pennsylvania, including the "Altoona Tribune" and the "Reading Eagle". This title includes some of the early writings of folklorist Henry W Shoemaker.