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The U.S. Navy is evolving to distributed maritime operations (DMO) in response to increased capabilities of near-peer adversaries, in the Western Pacific. To support DMO, the Navy needs new approaches to logistics and the resupply and sustainment of distributed units. The authors identify supply chain challenges for munitions and spare parts and recommend strategies to address demand forecasting, budgetary concerns, and industrial base capacity.

The authors assess school leaders' awareness and perception of Department of Defense youth programs, the ways such programs build connections with communities, and the extent to which these programs help bridge the civilian-military divide.

Although there is no end in sight to the Russia-Ukraine war, U.S. policymakers should begin considering postwar Russia strategy now. The authors review U.S. strategic options and trade-offs that different choices pose for long-term U.S. interests.

The demographics of the veteran population are changing. Veterans who served after September 11, 2001, or post-9/11 veterans, are more likely to be raising children, many without support from a partner. This report provides a comprehensive look at the financial, physical, and mental health of veteran single parents and includes recommendations on policies and programs that can better support veteran single parents and their children.

Policy and U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) professionals have suggested that the IC is held in increasingly lower regard by some decisionmakers and that predictions have had variable success in influencing decisionmakers. Researchers explored whether and to what degree trust in intelligence predictions and national estimates has degraded over time and what factors might have driven any changes in the relationship between policymakers and the IC.

The authors identified gaps, ambiguities, inconsistencies, and reported problems in the military racial grievance system through an examination of policies and structures and offer recommendations to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in the armed forces.

This report presents a description of how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to conduct mission planning and how AI methods compare with more-traditional operations research approaches.

The authors develop a methodology to define, assess, and evaluate resilience criteria over time and use the methodology to evaluate the impact of partnerships on the operational resilience of the U.S. military satellite communications mission.

This report describes issues related to the attribution of biological weapons use and identifies areas in which the U.S. Department of Defense could enhance its capabilities for U.S. efforts in such investigations and strengthen United Nations policy.

Rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) for game-playing has inspired intense interest in the possible benefits of the technology for wargames. This report presents an assessment of the limits to applying AI technologies to wargaming.

This report describes the 2021 U.S. Air Force-sponsored Plan Blue game, which examined competition against Russia in the Arctic with a focus on the role of sensing in competition and featured robust participation from regional partners and allies.

This report aims to inform the Army on how to effectively acquire and develop data analytics capabilities, leveraging both commercial solutions and in-house data science and development, security, and information technology operations capabilities.

RAND researchers estimated what the invasion of Ukraine is costing Russia and concluded that, despite significant economic decline and the high cost of Russian military operations, Russia can sustain these costs for the next several years.

These proceedings present insights that experts of Europe, Japan, Taiwan, and U.S. security policies presented at RAND Corporation-hosted virtual conferences that explored relevant issues on the U.S.-Japan alliance regarding strategic competition.

This report presents an examination of how cyber-related risks compare with other risks to defense-industrial supply chains and the implications of the differences in risks for directions in risk assessment and mitigation and for research.

The authors examined friction between the U.S. Army's People First objectives (which focus on command climate, cohesive teams, career goals, and work-life balance) and mission readiness objectives and developed strategies to mitigate this friction.

This report examines climate adaptation strategies for National Critical Functions at risk of disruption from climate change, focusing on strategies that owner-operators of critical functions might implement.

Schools have begun employing artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools to help identify students at risk for suicide. The authors examine how these programs are implemented, how stakeholders perceive their effects, and their benefits and risks.

The authors examine trade-offs between the contributions of campaigning instruments to U.S. strategic goals and their costs. They provide the foundations of a decision-support tool to inform U.S. Department of Defense campaign planning.

The People's Liberation Army's (PLA's) ability to project and sustain power relies on its logistics capabilities. The authors examine the PLA's approach to maintenance to inform a broader understanding of PLA plans to operate and sustain its forces.

This report details public perceptions of veterans and the U.S. military and public willingness to encourage a young person to join the military as identified in American Life Panel surveys administered in February and June 2022.

"Over the coming decades, stressors from climate change will become more intense and more frequent in the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) area of responsibility (AOR). This development will likely contribute to CENTCOM's broader shift from a warfighting-focused command to a command that will have to reprioritize and balance how it responds to and conducts both traditional and nontraditional security missions. This report addresses how CENTCOM planners can use operations, activities, and investments to prevent -- or mitigate the intensity of -- climate-related conflict. Climate change, along with other transnational threats, is often discussed as part of a broader concept known as nontraditional security. Many of the threats that are part of the nontraditional security concept, such as infectious disease and large-scale migration, are exacerbated by climate change. This report examines which traditional military tools can be applied to this nontraditional security threat and which new tools can be developed to address the implications of climate change for CENTCOM. The aim of this report is to help CENTCOM planners prepare for a future security environment that is affected by climate change. Even with preventive action, the command will face additional requirements from climate stress. To provide context for resource prioritization discussions, this report presents an analysis of the frequency and the conditions under which the United States has traditionally intervened militarily in the CENTCOM theater and rough order of magnitude costs of interventions by type. This report is the fifth and final in a series focused on climate change and the security environment."--

This report presents an analysis of the pathways from climate change to conflict and how that relationship is unfolding in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility.

Commercial derivative aircraft (CDA) are aircraft based on a commercial design and modified to accommodate military requirements for a national security need. CDA have several features that can benefit the U.S. Air Force (USAF), such as reduced development time, management of cost overruns, and reduced risk throughout the aircraft life cycle process. Drawing on interviews with U.S. Air Force (USAF), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and industry experts, the authors assess the benefits and challenges of (and propose best practices for) CDA acquisition to inform future USAF strategy. The authors also review existing research related to CDA acquisition to improve understanding of the challenges associated with balancing the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing a CDA project and examine the KC-46A acquisition experience for lessons applicable to future CDA. This is a companion report to another 2023 report, Improving Acquisition and Sustainment Outcomes for Military Commercial Derived Aircraft: The KC-46A Pegasus Experience.

To help the Army accomplish its diversity goals, RAND Arroyo Center examined retention of racial-ethnic minorities in the Regular Army's enlisted and officer ranks and how racial-ethnic composition changes as soldiers progress in their careers.

Using the concept of national identity as a starting point, RAND researchers developed a framework in an effort to illuminate the underlying causes of Russian manipulation, Ukrainian resistance, and the Russia-Ukraine war.

This report explores how U.S. allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific are likely to respond to military access requests in the event of a conflict with China and what policy levers the United States might use in peacetime to affect those responses.

Applicants for the national security workforce are required to provide detailed personal information as part of the background investigation process to adjudicate their eligibility for a security clearance. As a result, during the course of the personnel vetting process, an individual's race or ethnicity, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, and neurodivergence may be knowable or inferred by the personnel conducting the investigations and adjudications. Human judgment and biases that manifest themselves in other employment or social contexts have the potential to contribute to bias and sources of inequity in the human element of the process of determining security clearance eligibility. The authors explore the potential for related bias or sources of inequity within the federal personnel vetting process. Such potential biases and inequities could inhibit the U.S. government's goals and abilities to hire and maintain national security personnel with diverse backgrounds and perspectives.

A competition for digital infrastructure (DI) is underway between the United States and China, which has implications for military forces and operations that rely on this infrastructure in competition and conflict. However, DI as a competition remains largely understudied in a comprehensive way. This report is a product of a multiyear research effort to define DI, characterize the competition underway, identify key factors shaping outcomes, and assess the potential implications for the Department of Defense. This report contributes to the broader understanding of DI by presenting an alternative futures analysis of how the global DI could evolve out to 2050 and the military implications of those futures for the United States and China.