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Requirements engineering tasks have become increasingly complex. In order to ensure a high level of knowledge and competency among requirements engineers, the International Requirements Engineering Board (IREB) developed a standardized qualification called the Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE). The certification defines the practical skills of a requirements engineer on various training levels.This book is designed for self-study and covers the curriculum for the Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Foundation Level exam as defined by the IREB.The 2nd edition has been thoroughly revised and is aligned with the curriculum Version 2.2 of the IREB. In addition, some minor corrections to the 1st edition have been included.About IREB:The mission of the IREB is to contribute to the standardization of further education in the fields of business analysis and requirements engineering by providing syllabi and examinations, thereby achieving a higher level of applied requirements engineering. The IRE Board is comprised of a balanced mix of independent, internationally recognized experts in the fields of economy, consulting, research, and science. The IREB is a non-profit corporation. For more information visit www.certified-re.com.

Mastering the Nikon D7200 by Darrell Young provides a wealth of experience-based information and insights for owners of the new D7200 camera. Darrell is determined to help the user navigate past the confusion that often comes with complex and powerful professional camera equipment. This book explores the features and capabilities of the camera in a way that far surpasses the user's manual. It guides readers through the camera features with step-by-step setting adjustments; color illustrations; and detailed how, when, and why explanations for each option. Every button, dial, switch, and menu configuration setting is explored in a user-friendly manner, with suggestions for setup according to various shooting styles. Darrell's friendly and informative writing style allows readers to easily follow directions while feeling as if a friend dropped in to share his knowledge. The information in this book goes beyond the camera itself and also covers basic photography technique.

Make a big impression with small flashes! In this book, Tilo Gockel shows you how to make magic by mastering the use of light. You will learn how to use speedlights to create amazing photographs in any lighting situation. Tilo uses 40 lighting workshops to teach his methods for producing impressive flash shots in portrait, fashion, macro, food, still life, and high-speed photography.The richly illustrated, easy-to-understand workshops are filled with recommendations and instructions for flash setups, detailed lighting diagrams, and tips and tricks for how to achieve the look of high-end studio shots using simple, accessible equipment, even in your own home. Also included is information on the settings that will help you master complex multi-flash situations, as well as tips on how to create cost-effective, self-built accessories.Foreword by Strobist.com's David Hobby.

All fine artists share a common goal: to combine individual elements into a convincing, cohesive whole that tells a story or expresses an intention. Photography is especially suited to this pursuit because the photographer can create multiple, distinct images of a single subject using a variety of design techniques. The display on a digital camera instantly shows the arrangement of elements in an image, allowing the photographer to make changes and refine their creation as they work.Albrecht Rissler believes that a firm understanding of image design is as important as having an observant eye or having the technical knowledge to operate a camera. Photographic Composition presents the most important concepts of image design and offers 250 beautiful photographs to illustrate these concepts. By applying these concepts to your own work, you will greatly improve your photographic eye and your ability to compose an ideal image.This book's impressive images are in black-and-white, intentionally removing the distraction of color and making it easy to focus on compositional elements and form. With this book, photographers as well as all visual artists will learn how to infuse their own images with excitement, develop and hone their visual language, and express their personal artistic aesthetic.Topics include:The effect of various aspect ratiosPerspective and compositionForm and contrastProportion and harmonySymmetry and asymmetryBrightness and darknessStructures and texturesThe "e;perfect moment"e;

With over 1500 words, abbreviations, and acronyms, this Glossary strives to help those involved in this cutting-edge industry to understand the language that makes it up. It has been extensively researched to collect the terms in use and to provide the meanings of these terms.

Mastering the Nikon D810 by Darrell Young provides a wealth of experience-based information and insights for owners of the new D810 camera. Darrell is determined to help the user navigate past the confusion that often comes with complex and powerful professional camera equipment.This book explores the features and capabilities of the camera in a way that far surpasses the user's manual. It guides readers through the camera features with step-by-step setting adjustments; color illustrations; and detailed how, when, and why explanations for each option. Every button, dial, switch, and menu configuration setting is explored in a user-friendly manner, with suggestions for setup according to various shooting styles.Darrell's friendly and informative writing style allows readers to easily follow directions, while feeling as if a friend dropped in to share his knowledge. The information in this book goes beyond the camera itself and also covers basic photography technique.

Everybody is confronted with cloud computing. Whether you are a user, designer, programmer, project manager, or tester, sooner or later the cloud affects your work. If you are involved in selecting or implementing services from the cloud, or in keeping them up and running, this book will prove to be an invaluable resource. Testing Cloud Services covers an extensive list of risks that arise when implementing cloud computing, including some traditional risks and some completely new ones, and provides strategies for avoiding these risks and solving problems. Every risk is connected to existing, updated, and new test measures. It is necessary to start testing during the selection of cloud services, and continue end-to-end testing even after going live, as continuity risks arise all the time. With this book in hand, you will save a lot of time and discover an effective approach to testing that can be applied in practice immediately!

Today's photographic equipment allows amateurs to take pictures of the stars that far surpass images taken just a few decades ago by even the largest observatories-and this book will teach you how.Author and world-renowned astrophotographer Thierry Legault teaches the art and techniques of astrophotography: from simple camera-on-tripod night-scene imaging of constellations, star trails, eclipses, artificial satellites, and polar auroras to more intensive astrophotography using specialized equipment for lunar, planetary, solar, and deep-sky imaging. Legault shares advice on equipment and guides you through techniques to capture and process your images to achieve spectacular results.Astrophotography provides the most thorough treatment of the topic available. This large-format, richly illustrated book is intended for all sky enthusiasts-newcomers and veterans alike.Learn how to:Select the most useful equipment: cameras, adapters, filters, focal reducers/extenders, field correctors, and guide telescopes Set up your camera (digital, video, or CCD) and your lens or telescope for optimal resultsPlan your observing sessionsMount the camera on your telescope and focus it for razor-sharp imagesPolar-align your equatorial mount and improve tracking for pin-point star imagesMake celestial time-lapse videosCalculate the shooting parameters: focal length and ratio, field of view, exposure time, etc.Combine multiples exposures to reveal faint galaxies, nebulae details, elusive planetary structures, and tiny lunar craters Adjust contrast, brightness, light curves, and colorsPostprocess your images to fix defects such as vignetting, dust shadows, hot pixels, uneven background, and noiseIdentify problems with your images and improve your results

Our Beautiful, Fragile World features a career-spanning look at the images of photojournalist Peter Essick taken while on assignment for National Geographic magazine. In this book, Essick showcases a diverse series of photographs from some of the most beautiful natural areas in the world and documents major contemporary environmental issues, such as climate change and nuclear waste.Each photograph is accompanied by commentary on the design process of the image, Essick's personal photographic experiences, and informative highlights from the research he completed for each story. Our Beautiful, Fragile World takes the reader on a journey around the globe, from the Oulanka National Park near the Arctic Circle in Finland to the Adelie penguin breeding grounds in Antarctica.Our Beautiful, Fragile World will interest photographers of all skill levels. It carries an important message about conservation, and the photographs provide a compelling look at our environment that will resonate with people of all ages who care about the state of the natural world.Foreword by Jean-Michel Cousteau.

A guide to editing photographs in Photoshop CS4 and its companions Bridge, Camera Raw, and Lightroom 2. It offers an introduction to the tools and processes used to 'develop' photographs in Photoshop CS4. It helps you learn specific techniques through step-by-step instructions and the principles to develop your own unique practices.

Mastering the Fujifilm X-Pro 1 provides a wealth of experienced-based information and insights for owners of the new X-Pro 1 camera. Readers will learn about the features and capabilities of the X-Pro 1 and will discover numerous tips and tricks for how to maximize its potential. With the X-Pro 1, Fujifilm released the first mirrorless camera with an APS-C sensor. The successful combination of high-end retro design and state-of-the-art digital camera technology, originally seen in the X100 viewfinder camera, has been pushed even further to achieve this interchangeable-lens camera. The X-Pro 1 offers three FUJINON interchangeable lenses.In a layout suitable to the camera's attractive design, this manual presents imagery that attests to the fun you will have as you begin to push the envelope of your Fujifilm X-Pro 1.

The Sony Alpha NEX-7: The Unofficial Quintessential Guide provides a wealth of experience-based information and insights for owners of this exciting new camera. Authors Carol F. Roullard and Brian Matsumoto team up to help the new user navigate past the confusion factor that often comes with complex and powerful camera equipment.This book explores the features and capabilities of the camera in a way that far surpasses the user's manual. It guides you through the camera features with step-by-step setting adjustments and detailed how, when, and why explanations for each option. Every button, dial, switch, and menu configuration setting is explored in a friendly manner, with suggestions and tips for setup according to various shooting styles. The informative text is illustrated with screenshots and example images throughout, making it easy to follow along.The authors cover everything from the basic features of the camera to numerous advanced photographic applications. The first section of the book teaches the new user to start taking pictures immediately by using the camera's Intelligent Automatic mode. The second section covers how to begin taking more control by switching to the semi-automatic modes. Finally, you'll learn to take full manual control of the camera, allowing you to break some "e;rules"e; and capture images that are a unique reflection of your creative personality.Carol and Brian go beyond just the camera itself and share how third-party software and optional accessories can improve on the camera's standard commands. You'll even learn how the electronic viewfinder, the fixed mirror, and Sony's novel shutter design improve the camera's utility for critical scientific photography (i.e., photomicrography and photography through the telescope).The Sony Alpha NEX-7: The Unofficial Quintessential Guide will allow you to really take control of your camera, to push the envelope, and to have fun.

Interactive web animations have become the standard among websites. Whether the goal is to create a simple animated product presentation or a sophisticated, choreographed interactive animation, the requirements for authoring tools are becoming more and more complex. Until now, Adobe Flash dominated the motion world of the web. But proprietary systems are out and open web standards are in - the current trend steadily moves toward HTML and CSS. This is where Adobe Edge Animate comes in. With Edge, Adobe has created a new tool that allows web designers to create interactive and animated HTML content designed to work with any standard browser. This book shows users what is possible with Edge. It covers every step of the Edge workflow from creation to publication, including how results are implemented into websites and how they are expanded with JavaScript/jQuery. Author Simon Widjaja discusses the basics of working with the Adobe Edge Animate interface and tools, and reveals countless insider tips and tricks, including smart add-ons and extensions that go beyond the official functional range of the program, such as EdgeCommons with SoundJS, CMS, Parallax, and Logging.With this book as your guide, you will learn how to expand the possibilities of Adobe Edge Animate.

Many of the newest DSLRs include HD video capability, and while the interest from the photography community was initially cool, we have seen a recent shift. Photographers are beginning to explore the video capabilities of their cameras and want to learn about the art and craft of creating high quality video.This book takes photographers through video concepts, video features of their DSLRs, equipment needed to shoot video, to understanding the restrictions, problems, and pitfalls of shooting video with a DSLR. Learn how to capture and edit video footage, to achieve the unique "e;motion picture look"e; and effects not possible with standard digital video equipment. Examples, video clips, and other useful materials are on the DVD included with the book.Photographers who are ready to give HD video a serious try, as well as videographers interested in exploring the possibilities of DSLRs for their work will find this book an indispensable source of technical know-how and inspiration.

Photographic Visions: Inspiring Images and How They Were Made is a treasure trove of world-class photography that will motivate photographers of all levels.To create this volume, the curators of the online gallery 1x.com selected 95 stunning images from the thousands of amazing images found on their website. The images in the book are by previously unknown photographers from across the globe.Each image is accompanied by extensive information about the photographer, the vision and story behind the image, and details about the techniques and tools used to capture it.This is the second volume of the highly successful 1x.com series.

The two volumes of the Learning to Photograph series give students and interested amateur photographers essential information about technique and design as well as an understanding of the big concepts of photography. Beginning and advanced photographers alike will find the content instructive, thoroughly explained, and effectively illustrated, making this book a useful resource for readers to develop their own craft.This second volume addresses the topics of visual design and composition. The authors describe various methods of visual design and how you can use these methods effectively. You will learn which techniques to use to design your images while at the same time training your photographic eye. You will develop the ability to support the message of your subject purposefully, hone your photographic style, and analyze your own work and the work of others competently.The striking images and informational graphics not only illustrate the concepts at hand, but also make the lessons visually pleasing and offer useful examples for readers to mimic in their own work. Topics include:Visual perceptionComposition, shapes, and linesManaging lightColor and its effectsSharpness, blur, and movementThe interplay of visual design elementsImage analysis and evaluationThe previous volume in the Learning to Photograph series addresses cameras, equipment, and basic photographic techniques.

The two volumes of the Learning to Photograph series give students and interested amateur photographers essential information about technique and design as well as an understanding of the big concepts of photography. This first volume brings readers up to speed on the basics of camera technology: optics and exposure. The authors provide an overview of these technical elements before going into detail about how cameras and lenses work and how they influence one another. Building upon this foundation, the authors discuss the practical application of this knowledge, showing readers how to put this information to use to create images and realize ideas effectively.The numerous example photos and informational graphics not only illustrate the concepts at hand, but also make the lessons visually pleasing and offer inspiring templates for readers to imitate in their own craft. Topics include:Optics and lensesExposure metering and controlImage sensors, viewfinders, and displaysLive view and video functionalityFlash units and additional accessoriesThe right cameraPhoto technology in practiceThe subsequent volume in the Learning to Photograph series addresses visual concepts and composition.

This book covers the syllabus for the Improving the Test Process module of the International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) Expert Level exam.To obtain certification as a professional tester at the Expert Level, candidates may choose to take a course given by an ISTQB accredited training provider and then sit for the exam. Experience shows that many candidates who choose this path still require a reference book that covers the course. There are also many IT professionals who choose self-study as the most appropriate route toward certification. This book can be used both as a preparation guide for those planning to take the ISTQB Expert Level certification exam and as a practical guide for experienced testing professionals who want to develop their skills in improving test processes.

Adobe Photoshop is central to almost all photography workflows and Lightroom has rapidly been adopted as well. Each new version of the software is a milestone in the development of these vital imaging tools, and the 2012 releases are no exception.Photographers often feel overwhelmed when starting with Photoshop; the sheer number of tools and options make it difficult for the novice. There is no shortage of instructional books, yet very few direct the user to the most significant aspects of the program in a way that reflects a real workflow for the photographer.Adobe Certified Instructor Steve Laskevitch has leveraged his experience as a teacher and practitioner to create a guide that provides a clear and effective workflow for editing photographs in Photoshop CS6 and its companions Bridge, Camera Raw, and Lightroom 4. Focusing on the critical elements of the workflow rather than covering every arcane feature, this book is designed to get you working quickly in these applications.In addition to the essential features of these programs, Laskevitch covers new features specific to the 2012 releases, including:Lightroom geocoding-Quickly tag a photo with location data; Photoshop's Blur Gallery (Tilt-Shift, Iris, and Field Blur tools)-Add selective focus and bokeh effects; New development controls in Lightroom and Camera Raw; Recomposing or retouching photos with the Content-aware Move Tool; Publishing to Blurb directly from Lightroom; Video (no longer limited to Photoshop Extended; Adaptive Wide Angle-Make straight lines straight again; Face-Aware Mask Generation-An improvement to Color Range; Intelligent Auto-Correction; Adobe Camera Raw 7-Local controls for White Balance and Noise Reduction; New Black/White and Highlight/Shadow controls

What happens when you bring two of your passions together? Magic, of course. Photography offers a perfect outlet for creativity and emotions. Nature provides peace, serenity, and a wellspring of energy. To combine bothto photograph natureis a unique and fulfilling experience. In this book, renowned Swedish nature photographer Martin Borg shares his experience and insight along with 71 of his beautiful images that illustrate each point. He offers helpful advice for beginning to intermediate photographers, ranging from technical tips, to aesthetics, to philosophical thoughts on the essence of being a nature photographer.

"e;Perfect"e; is a purely subjective term when it comes to art. A journey toward the perfect photo is a journey without a defined destination. There are photographs that are technically perfect and others that stand out because of their message or composition. Although the perfect photo remains a matter of taste, it is still something every photographer strives for. With this volume, Elin Rantakrans and Tobias Hagberg provide the beginning to intermediate photographer a wide range of practical tips that cover capture, composition, and editingall with the aim of helping you achieve better photos. Each concept is illustrated with beautiful, inspiring images. Our promise: Use 7 of these 70 tips and you will be a 10% better photographer. Try it!

We've all heard the saying, "e;Clothes make the man"e;; but does the photographic equipment make the photographer? One might think so when looking at new advanced cameras, dream lenses, and all the editing software out there. Others might disagree after admiring the wonderful photographs by Henri Cartier Bresson or Edward Weston, which were taken with relatively simple cameras and lenses.The real questions to ask yourself are: What kind of images would I like to make? And what are all these things that I see advertised as indispensable photo equipment really for?Geared toward the beginning to intermediate photographer, this book teaches about the variety of photographic tools available and what each is meant to accomplish. Learn about the benefits and drawbacks of various pieces of equipment and discover what kind of gear you need to realize your creative ambitions. The book is filled with beautiful images that illustrate how the type of equipment discussed can affect an image.

Become a Better Digital Photographer, One Assignment at a TimeThere is no better way to learn than by doing. While theories, histories, best practices, and sciences ground a thorough knowledge of any subject, at some point you have to apply that information to truly garner knowledge.This book provides real-world assignments that guide prospective photographers to a true understanding and mastery of the craft. Each assignment includes a list of goals, detailed instructions, illustrations, and examples. Individual assignments build on one another, allowing your mastery to grow as the book continues.Learn about the capabilities and limitations of your equipment; the proper ways to expose a scene for digital capture; dos and don'ts of cropping and scene placement; how to color manage a scene in-camera; and how to see, manipulate, and augment light to obtain the best possible native files.

Panobook 2011 presents 150 winning pictures from Kolor's 2011 Panoramic Photography Competition. These photographs were selected from more than 2,000 images submitted by professional and amateur photographers who captured a variety of subjects.

Mastering the Fuji X100 provides the ambitious photographer with everything they need to know to operate this camera that has become an instant classic. Readers will learn about the features and capabilities of the X100 and will discover numerous tips and tricks for how to maximize its potential. Learn how to influence dynamic range, how to optimize focus, which film simulation is best, and much more.The Fuji X100 is a premium digital viewfinder camera that combines compact size with sophisticated technical features and uncompromising optical quality. This unique camera already enjoys cult status and is used by many photographers as the ideal travel and snapshot camera. Nonetheless, the X100 is much more than an automatic snapshot camerait is a sophisticated photographic tool.In a layout suitable to the cameras attractive design, this manual presents convincing imagery that attests to the fun you will have as you begin to push the envelope of your Fuji X100.

Scott Kelby, the world's #1 best-selling photography technique books author, is here with an entirely new concept in Photoshop booksone that's designed from the ground up to get you straight to whatever it is you need to do in Photoshop right now, get your answer fast, and get you back to editing your images in Photoshop.Thanks to Adobe's incredibly popular Creative Cloud Photography plan, which includes Photoshop and Lightroom, photographers are extending the depth and power of Lightroom by jumping over to Photoshop to do all those things Lightroom just can't do (or Lightroom can do, but in Photoshop, it's faster and easier, or the results are just better). Because Photoshop has so much power and depth, sometimes the things you need arewellkinda hidden or not really obvious. There will be a lot of times when you need to get something done in Photoshop, and you know Photoshop can do it (because Photoshop can do just about anything), but you have no idea where Adobe hid that feature, or what the ';secret handshake' is to do that thing you need now so you can get back to working on your images. That's why this book was created: to quickly get you to the technique, the shortcut, the setting, or exactly the right thing you need to do right now.Here's how it works: When you need to know how to do a particular thing, you turn to the chapter where it would be found (Layers, Printing, Fixing Problems, Special Effects, etc.), find the thing you need to do (it's easy, each page covers just one single topic), and Scott tells you exactly how to do it just like he was sitting there beside you, using the same casual style as if he were telling a friend. That way, you get back to editing your images fast.This isn't a book of theory, full of confusing jargon and detailed multi-step concepts. This is a book on which button to click, which setting to use, and exactly how and when to use it, so you're never ';stuck' in Photoshop again. This will be your ';go to' book that sits within reach any time you're working in Photoshop. With this book, help is right at your fingertips.