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This book examines political humor as a reaction to the lost war, the post-war chaos, and antisemitic violence in Hungary between 1918 and 1922. While there is an increased body of literature on Jewish humor as a form of resistance and a means of resilience during the Holocaust, only a handful of studies have addressed Jewish humor as a reaction to physical attacks and increased discrimination in Europe during and after the First World War. The majority of studies have approached the issue of Jewish humor from an anthropological, cultural, or linguistic perspective; they have been interested in the humor of lower- or lower-middle-class Jews in the East European shtetles before 1914. On the other hand, this study follows a historical and political approach to the same topic and focuses on the reaction of urban, middle-class, and culturally assimilated Jews to recent events: to the disintegration of the Dual Monarchy, the collapse of law and order, increased violence, the reversal of Jewish emancipation and the rise of new and more pernicious antisemitic prejudices. The study sees humor not only as a form of entertainment and jokes as literature and a product of popular culture, but also as a heuristic device to understand the world and make sense of recent changes, as well as a means to defend one's social position, individual and group identity, strike back at the enemy, and last but not least, to gain the support and change the hearts and minds of non-Jews and neutral bystanders. Unlike previous scholarly works on Jewish resistance during the Holocaust, this study sees Budapest Jewish humor after WWI as a joint adventure: as a product of urban and Hungarian culture, in which Jewish not only played an important role but also cofounded. Finally, the book addressed the issue of continuity in Hungarian history, the "twisted road to Auschwitz" whether urban Jewish humor, as a form of escapism, helped to desensitize the future victims of the Holocaust to the approaching danger, or it continued to play the same defensive and positive role in the interwar period, as it had done in the immediate aftermath of the Great War.

This thoroughly revised fourth edition teaches students and professionals how to create interactive content for all types of new media and become successful writers or designers in a variety of fields.This comprehensive guide is grounded in the core principles and skills of interactive media writing, in which writers create text and structure content to guide users through interactive products such as websites or software. The book examines case studies on interactive formats including complex informational websites, computer games, e-learning courses, training programs, and immersive exhibits. These case studies assess real-world products and documentation used by professional writers such as scripts, outlines, screenshots, and flowcharts. The book also provides practical advice on how to use interactive media writing skills to advance careers in the social media, technical, instructional communication, and creative media fields. This edition includes new chapters on UX Writing and Content Design, Social Media Writing, and Writing for Mobile.Writing for Interactive Media prepares students for the writing challenges of today's technology and media. It can be used as a core textbook for courses in UX Writing, Writing for Digital Media, and Technical and Professional Communication and is a valuable resource for writing professionals at all levels.Supplemental resources include a sample syllabus, class assignments, student exercises, scripts, outlines, flowcharts, and other interactive writing samples. They are available online at www.routledge.com/9781032554242

Television in the Making (1956) looks at television in its infancy, with essays by the leaders of the medium at the time, people who were forging new paths as they imagined and actioned the possibilities of television.

Broadcasting in Canada (1977) examines the unique challenges to broadcasting in the country: the size of the country, its small, dispersed population, and two official languages make radio and television coverage a difficult and costly enterprise. These conditions and pressures have led Canadians to construct a broadcasting system in which both public and private initiative have roles to play in bringing radio and television services to the community.

First published in 1989, The Vanishing Countryman investigates how farmers, farm workers, and other country crafts- and tradespeople have fared in response to significant changes across the British countryside in the past one hundred years. The book explores the move towards large-scale and capital-intensive farming, and the conflict between increased production and damage to the environment. It looks at the decline in the number of farm workers, crafts- and tradespeople. It also considers the changes in social composition across country villages and the impact that this has had on living standards, housing, and transport. The Vanishing Countryman will appeal to those with an interest in rural and social history, and in the history of the British countryside specifically.

A useful handbook, this text presents guidelines frequently followed by writers of reports of empirical research designed for publication in scientific business journals. The guidelines describe the types of information that should be included, how this information should be expressed, and where various types of information should be placed within a report. Excerpts from journal articles are used to illustrate most of the guidelines. At the end of each chapter, there are questions for classroom discussion.

Media Use in the Information Age (1989) analyses new technologies, their impact on mass communications, and their effects on the users of these new systems. It looks at technologies such as videotex, and their successes and failures around the world, and examines the early adoptions of technologies such as home computers.

Addresses a range of topics such as: race, gender, class, sexual orientation, globalism, migration, health, politics, culture, and urban issues - from a diversity of disciplinary perspectives. This book explores literary embodiments of the increasing prevalence of interracial relationships.

Hearing Form: Musical Analysis With and Without the Score, Third Edition is a complete course package for undergraduate courses on musical forms, with comprehensive coverage from the Baroque to the Romantic. Placing emphasis on listening, it teaches students to analyze music both with and without the use of a score, covering phrase endings and cadences, harmonic sequence types, modulations, formal sections, and musical forms.Hearing Form is supported by an integrated workbook section, its own full-score anthology, and a companion website containing an instructor's manual, test bank, and audio streaming and downloads of recordings for the pieces in the anthology.Key updates in the third edition include: Treatment of phrases and cadences now allows the book to be used by both instructors who teach that all phrases end with cadences and those who teach that some phrases do not New pieces added to the anthology widen the range of composers represented With an engaging and practical approach informed by recent scholarship, Hearing Form enables students to recognize musical elements both by sight and by ear.This is the Hearing Form textbook only. For the Hearing Form anthology, see ISBN 978-0-367-70388-2. For the textbook and anthology package, see ISBN 978-0-367-70391-2.

The question of identity in relation to language has hardly been dealt with in the Middle East and North Africa, in spite of the centrality of these issues to a variety of scholarly debates concerning this strategically important part of the world. The book seeks to cover a variety of themes in this area.

This book provides an urgent framework and collective reflection on how to understand the multiple ways to reconsider and recast architecture within ideas and politics of the commons and practices of commoning.Architecture from Public to Commons opens a dialogue with the scales of the commons, the limits of language for fluid identities, the practices of architecture as an institution, the design of objects for shared value, land protocols that explore alternatives to profit-seeking, and spirited conversations about revolting against architectural labor. Specific chapters also explore the boundaries of Blackness across the Atlantic, water cycles in depleted territories, indigenous women-led territorial and human rights cases, climate change accidental commons, and the active search for racial justice with design and place. Contributions range from theoretical and historical essays to current case studies of on-the-ground practices in the US, the Middle East, Europe, and Central and South America.Bringing together architects and landscape architects, scholars, artists, historians, sociologists, curators, and activists, this book instils an urgent framework and renewed set of tools to pivot from Architecture's traditional public to a politicized commons. It will greatly interest students, academics, and researchers in Architecture, Urban Design, Architectural Theory, Landscape Architecture, Political Economy, and Sociology.

First published in 1929, The Mystery of the Great Pyramid attempts to unravel the secrets of the Great Pyramid by drawing parallels with the rituals in the Book of the Dead. The conception of the Pyramid and the origin of the cult of Osiris and of the Book of the Dead are to be found in a common source, which maybe expressed in the one word, Messianism. The author argues that this is why the literature of early Christian gnosticism abounds in mystical pyramid figures and associated astronomical conceptions and constellations. This book will be of interest to students of history, philosophy, and theology.

Bailey describes how the Sea of Okhotsk area became integrated into a world system of economic and cultural ties between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. This happened primarily because of maritime explorations, travel, and trade, which led to increased connections with both Russia and Japan.

This book examines the political alliances that are built across the diaspora in contemporary plays written by Black women playwrights in the UK.Through the concept of creative diasporic solidarity, it offers an innovative theoretical approach to examine the ways in which the playwrights respond creatively to the violence and marginalisation of Black communities, especially Black women. This study demonstrates that theatre can act as a productive space for the ethical encounter with the Other (understood in terms of alterity, as someone different from the self) by examining the possibilities of these plays to activate the spectators' responsibility and solidarity towards different types of violence experienced by Black women, offering alternative modes of relationality. The book engages with a range of contemporary works written by Black women playwrights in the UK, including Mojisola Adebayo, Theresa Ikoko, Diana Nneka Atuona, Gloria Williams, Charlene James or Yusra Warsama, bringing to the fore a gendered and intersectional approach to the analysis of the texts.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars in contemporary theatre, gender studies and diaspora studies.

First published in 1956, Nationalism and Liberty explores the possibility of nationalism being compatible with respect for individual liberty and diversity by studying the example of Switzerland. Composed of German, French and Italian speaking populations which in the age of nationalism had been involved in many bloody and bitter conflicts in Europe, Switzerland had succeeded in establishing harmony and cooperation. The author argues that Switzerland can serve as a model for Europe - not only for the peaceful cooperation of different peoples, but also for the growth of unity. This book will be of interest to students of history, political science, international relations and geography.

Western Broadcasting Over the Iron Curtain (1986) examines the development of broadcasting policy by Western democracies, levels of government control of policy, efforts by communist regimes to minimize the effects of western broadcasting, and Soviet and Eastern European audience opinions on such diverse subjects as the success or failure of socialism and the Korean airline disaster.

Organized as a series of engaging, thoroughly contextualized biographies, Twenty-Five Women Who Shaped the Italian Renaissance takes readers on a journey through early modern Italy that places women at the heart of the artistic and cultural developments of this transformative era. Though many of their names have been neglected by history, women made fundamental contributions to Renaissance art and science; to music, poetry, and politics. Highlighted here are figures like Caterina Sforza, who defended her city against an invading army and was celebrated by Niccolò Machiavelli; Veronica Franco, the Venetian courtesan whose erotic verse enthralled Europe; Sofonisba Anguissola, acclaimed for her arresting portraits; Isabella Andreini, the original "prima donna" of Italian theater; and Margherita Sarrocchi, the epic poet and mathematics prodigy who corresponded with Galileo Galilei.The artists, writers, composers, philosophers, and feminists of Twenty-Five Women Who Shaped the Italian Renaissance overcame daunting obstacles to find their own voices. Excluded from the educational opportunities granted to men, often forced into arranged marriages or confined to the convent, subject to ingrained hostility toward female sexuality: each dared to challenge deeply entrenched ideas about what a woman should or could do or be. Springing from a range of backgrounds and circumstances, these women defied conventions about the "proper" place of their sex to make their own mark on the Renaissance.The perfect resource for anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of the Renaissance and early modern women.The series Twenty-Five Women Who Shaped... looks at different periods in history and uncovers the women who helped to lay the cultural, political, social, or religious foundations of the time in question. The books offer accessible, well-researched introductions to influential female figures across the ages and around the world, enabling general readers to gain a reliable, richly detailed overview.

This book examines the performance strategies used by contemporary Iranian artists and activists to reimagine "Iranian-ness" in the context of Iran's local, regional, and global position. This study identifies the important social and political interventions made by theatrical and performance pieces, visual art, and electronic music that articulate and reformulate Iranian-ness by breaking away from fixed and constructed stereotypes projected on them by both the Islamic regime and Western power. This book explores the reception and context within which artworks become meaningful performative acts. Looking closely at the works of a notable female Iranian photographer, Shadi Ghadirian, in conjunction with the new generation of Iranian nonconformist artists such as Tahmineh Monzavi and Hedieh Ahmadi; the visionary theatre productions of Ali Akbar Alizad; and radically untraditional sound/noise of the electronic music movement in Tehran, this book calls attention to the Iran-based artists who are tirelessly trying to raise awareness regarding the political violence imposed on Iranian identity at the legal (top-down) and everyday (bottom-up) levels. This volume will be of great interest to student and scholars in theatre and performance, photography, art, music, sociology, and politics.

Focusing on transculturality, this edited volume explores how the role of translation and the idea of (un)translatability in the transformative complementation of different civilizations facilitates the transcultural connection between Chinese and other cultures in the modern era.Bringing together established international scholars and emerging new voices, this collection explores the linguistic, social, and cultural implications of translation and transculturality. The 13 chapters not only discuss the translation of literature, but also break new ground by addressing the translation of cinema, performance, and the visual arts, which are active bearer of modern and contemporary culture that are often neglected by academics. Our volume is ground-breaking in its trans-disciplinary attention to the study of translation related to China and such a trans-disciplinality should serve as a ground-breaking leverage for other areas of humanities as well. Through an engagement with these diverse fields, the title aims not only to reflect on how translation has reproduced values, concepts, and cultural forms, but also to stimulate the emergence of new possibilities in the dynamic transcultural interplay between China and the diverse national, cultural-linguistic, and contexts of Europe, the Americas, and Asia. It shows how cultures have been appropriated, misunderstood, transformed, and reconstructed through processes of linguistic mediation, as well as how knowledge, understanding, and connections have been generated through transculturality.The book will be a must read for scholars and students of translation studies, transcultural studies, and Chinese studies.

Slavery, first published in 1958, examines four main types of modern slavery: chattel slavery; the sale of women into marriage; the sale of children into work and prostitution; serfdom. It marshals an astonishing array of findings into modern slavery, and outlines the history of the anti-slavery movement.

This book explores aspects of the Arabic Grammatical Tradition and Arabic Linguistics from both a theoretical and descriptive perspective. It also touches on issues of relevance to other disciplines, particularly Qur'anic exegesis and jurisprudence. The links between the fields of language and religion are historically strong in the Arabic and Islamic traditions as so much time and effort was spent by grammarians in interpreting the precise meanings of two of the main sources of Islamic jurisprudence - the Quran and Hadith. Prof Suleiman has assembled an international team of experts in this area and presents a thorough review of the sources and arguments. The book will be of interest to all students, researchers and teachers of Arabic Language and Culture.

Drawing from a diverse range of interdisciplinary voices, this book explores how spaces of care shape our affective, material, and social forms, from the most intimate scale of the body to our planetary commons.Typical definitions of care center around the maintenance of a liveable life: encompassing everything from shelter and welfare to health and safety. Architecture plays a fundamental role in these definitions, inscribed in institutional archetypes such as the home, the hospital, the school, and the nursery. However, these spaces often structure modes of care that prescribe gender roles, bodily norms, and labor practices. How can architecture instead engage with an expanded definition of care that eschews such roles and norms, producing more hybrid entanglements between our bodies, our collective lives, and our environments? Chapters in this volume explore issues ranging from disabled domesticities and nursing, unbuilding whiteness in the built environment, practices and pedagogies of environmental care, and the solidarity networks within 'The Cloud'. Case studies include Floating University Berlin, commoning initiatives by the Black Panther party, and hospitals for the United Mine Workers of America, among many other sites and scales of architectural care.Exploring architecture through the lenses of gender studies, labor theory, environmental justice, and the medical humanities, this volume will engage students and academics from a wide range of disciplines.

While there are estimates of the number of people killed by Soviet authorities during particular episodes or campaigns, until now, no one has tried to calculate the complete human toll of Soviet genocides and mass murders since the revolution of 1917

Pakistan's military, which has directly controlled the country's affairs for more than half of its post-independence history and which often retained real political power even during periods of democratic rule, has played a significant role in trade liberalisation. Regional disparities have increased since the beginning of major trade liberalisation attempts in the 1980s and at present, regional conflicts and the associated regional disparities are extremely high. The authors critically review the country's post-independence political economy of trade liberalisation, the resulting structural change and the story of regional disparities, identifying possible relations with political regimes. Using a regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, the effects of trade liberalisation on regional disparities are quantitatively examined, with an emphasis on the key export industries at a national level and on the relative output and employment growth at a regional level. In the first study to distinguish a possible link between trade liberalisation and regional disparities under dissimilar political regimes, such as autocracy and democracy, Butt and Bandara use Pakistan as a case study to draw broader lessons for other developing countries. This book will be of interest to academics, economists, political analysts and policymakers interested in development economics in general and South Asia in particular.

This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the strategic history of the past two centuries, showing how those 200 years were shaped and reshaped extensively by war. The book takes a broad view of what was relevant to the causes, courses, and consequences of conflict.The volume provides students with a strong grounding in the contribution of war to the development of the modern world, from the pre-industrial era to the age of international terrorism and smart weapons. Covering all the major wars of the past two centuries, the third edition has been revised and updated and now includes: - new introductory essays at the start of each section to help students recognise historical turning points and strategic themes;- revised and updated material on the post-Cold War period, accommodating new developments and contemporary perspectives;- new material on non-Western views on strategy, especially Sun Tzu;- a new chapter on 'The Age of Acceleration and Great Power Competition', starting with the death of Bin Laden and ending with the Ukraine crisis;- a new Conclusion, offering a synthesis between the message of earlier editions and the state of strategy today.This textbook will be essential reading for students of strategic studies, security studies, war studies, International Relations and international history.

Maya Angelou says, Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. On the Same Page celebrates the use of our voices in shared reading with students to help them gain deeper understanding of the texts we read. If you have enjoyed the increased engagement and motivation that accompany reading with your students and wondered how to extend those benefits throughout the day, this book offers support for using this approach as a foundation for learning across content areas.On the Same Page explores the use of shared reading as an instructional approach for readers and writers at all levels of language proficiency. Janet Allen provides research, resources, practical ideas, and strategies for building from shared reading to increase students' literate experiences in a variety of curricular and instructional areas: strategic reading and comprehension;building background knowledge for content literacy;personal, academic, and public writing;transitions to independent reading;community knowledge and literature circles;increased vocabulary;modeled fluency.On the Same Page is enriched with a wide range of student work as well as extensive appendices of additional resources, graphic organizers, suggested reading lists, and teaching guides for implementation of shared reading in your classroom.

The Routledge Companion to History and the Moving Image takes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding history in moving images. It engages this popular and dynamic field that has evolved rapidly from film and television to digital streaming into the age of user-created content.The volume addresses moving image history through a theoretical lens; modes and genres; representation, race, and identity; and evolving forms and formats. It brings together a range of scholars from across the globe who specialize in film and media studies, cultural studies, history, philosophy of history, and education. Together, the chapters provide a necessary contemporary analysis that covers new developments and questions that arise from the shift to digital screen culture. The book examines technological and ethical concerns stemming from today's media landscape, but it also considers the artificial construction of the boundaries between professional expertise and amateur production. Each contributor's unique approach highlights the necessity of engaging with moving images for the academic discipline of history.The collection, written for a global audience, offers accessible discussions of historiography and a compelling resource for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates in history, film and media studies, and communications.Chapter 17 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http: //www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Placebo effects have been recognised by medicine and by science, yet only recently has systematic research begun to fully understand what they are and how they work. Sport and exercise scientists started systematic research to better understand the potential performance-enhancing effects of placebos as well as how a range of treatments are used in sport, from nutritional supplements to psychological interventions to sports medicine treatments. Placebo Effects in Sport and Exercise synthesises this field of research of the influence placebo effects have in sport and exercise.This book brings together many of the world's leading and emerging placebo effect researchers to help readers gain an understanding of core research findings from within sports and exercise science as well as sport and exercise-related contributions from experts in anthropology, medicine, and neuroscience. Readers will gain an insight of what placebo and nocebo effects are, how they might influence sport and exercise performance and outcomes, and how they might significantly influence the effectiveness of performance and health interventions.The book investigates various practical and ethical implications for the sport and exercise practitioner, student, and researcher to consider. Can a placebo work if the athlete knows it's a placebo? Should practitioners use placebos to enhance performance? Can the use of placebos reduce doping? Are some sports medicine treatments little more than placebos?With the rapid growth of applied sports medicine, as well as the concept of exercise as a mental health treatment in its own right, Placebo Effects in Sport and Exercise is key reading for students and researchers of sport psychology as well as those out in the field.

This is the first full-length biography of New York surgeon and social activist Stephen Smith (1823-1922), who was appointed to fifty years of public service by three mayors, seven governors, and two U.S. presidents.

The Routledge Handbook of Music and Migration: Theories and Methodologies is a progressive, transdisciplinary paradigm-shifting core text for music and migration studies. Conceptualized as a comprehensive methodological and theoretical guide, it foregrounds the mobile potentials of music and presents key arguments about why musical expressions matter in the discussion of migration politics.24 international specialists in music and migration set methodological and theoretical standards for transdisciplinary collaborations in the field of migration studies, discussing 41 keywords, such as mobility, community, research ethics, human rights, and critical whiteness in the context of music and migration. The authors then apply these terms to 16 chapters, which deal with ethnomusicological, musicological, sociological, anthropological, geographical, pedagogical, political, economic, and media-related methodologies and theories which reflect and contest current discourses of migration. In their interdisciplinary focus, these chapters advance interrelations between music and migration as enabling factors for socio-cultural studies. Furthermore, the authors tackle crucial questions of agency, equality, and equity as well as the responsibilities and expectations of writers and artists when researching migration phenomena as innate human experience. As a result, this handbook provides scholars and students alike with relevant and applicable methodological and theoretical tools in addition to an extensive literature and research review for further research.