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Multimedia and technology has become increasingly important in reaching ministry audiences worldwide. Many ministry organizations emphasize the creation and dissemination of polished audiovisual products, but often without considering if the products fit the needs and media habits of the target audience. In this book, Ernst examines the strategic implications and advantages of a variety of media platforms while inspiring the media creator to consider the needs, learning styles and communication preferences of the audience. ¿Translating the Bible into Media is practical and well researched. It is written in plain English with practical examples drawn from real-life, field research. Scripture engagement workers, media specialists, and those working in low-resource settings will find it a treasure-trove of helpful ideas and recommendations.

The Koine Greek particles ¿¿¿¿ and ¿¿¿ have been traditionally translated as either 'behold' or 'lo'. But such mechanical renderings are inadequate as they suggest these particles can be reduced to a single meaning or function. As argued in this monograph, these particles actually have several distinct uses that are conditioned by their linguistic context, and a translator should find natural idioms in the receptor language that match the meaning and function of these Greek uses.Based on a Construction Grammar approach, Bailey's analysis of all 200 New Testament instances of ¿¿¿¿ and 29 instances of ¿¿¿, as well as many from the LXX and extra-biblical materials, differentiates at least five uses. Examples of suitable and unsuitable renderings of the five uses are illustrated from 31 published translations in English and other European languages. The differences in the five uses are reflected most clearly in their functional differences in deixis and information structure. Although the analysis draws on insights from the theories of Construction Grammar and Cognitive Linguistics, familiarity with these theories is unnecessary to benefit from the study. This analysis also serves as a major refinement of the entries of these particles in the standard lexicon, BDAG.Biblical studies scholars, exegetes, Bible translators, students of Koine and Ancient Greek, linguists interested in functional and typological linguistics, pastors, and others will benefit from reading this analysis and following the example of its analytical approach with other elements of the language.

African Friends and Money Matters grew out of frustrations that Westerners experience when they travel and work in Africa. Africans have just as many frustrations relating to Westerners in their midst. Each manages money, time, and relationships in very different ways, often creating friction and misunderstanding. This book deals with everyday life in Africa, showing the underlying logic of African economic systems and behavior. Two new chapters in this second edition emphasize personal relationships, making the book even more relevant to the thoughtful reader. Maranz introduces these principles, as well as the very different goals of African and Western economic systems, plus ninety specific observations of money-related African behaviors. Personal anecdotes bring this book to life. The result is that the reader can make sense of customs that at first seem incomprehensible. This popular book has captured the interest of Westerners living in or visiting Sub-Saharan Africa: business, diplomatic, and NGO personnel; religious workers, journalists, and tourists. The readership includes professors and students of African Studies. African readers will also be interested for what it reveals about Western culture and ways Westerners often react to Africa. David E. Maranz (Ph.D., International Development) has worked with SIL International in several African countries since 1975 in community development, administration, and anthropology consulting. His earlier book, Peace is Everything (SIL International), examines the worldview and religious context of the Senegambia region.

Rather than applying a rigid theory or surveying a variety of approaches, Analyzing Discourse provides a methodology that has been refined over years of use. As an introduction to discourse analysis for linguistic field workers, it is practical, addressing issues commonly confronted by field linguists. The material follows a functional and cognitive approach that seems to be a good approximation of how discourse is actually produced and understood. Since the aim of the manual is introductory rather than comprehensive, most chapters are relatively short, and the whole can be covered in fifteen classroom hours. References are provided for further reading on the topics discussed. The manual can be used individually or in group sessions, such as in a formal course or a linguistic seminar. In a group setting, concepts can be illustrated by examining texts beyond those provided in the manual. This revision corrects the errata of the classic first edition, which remains a solid presentation of the basic concepts for analyzing discourse.

How did two very different language communities encounter and make early choices about Christianity? This book is a historical record of the Dagomba and Konkomba people groups of Northern Ghana as they embraced the Bible translated into their mother tongues. Author Dr. Sumani Sule-Saa employs Professor Lamin Sanneh''s groundbreaking hermeneutic of ''mission as translation'' as a grid to examine the effect of Bible translation on the lives of these two very important language groups. Sule-Saa first presents a brief history of the Dagomba and Konkomba and describes their very different societal structures. He analyses early Christian mission involvement and documents the role of two Bible translation agencies among these people groups. Through a number of case studies he illustrates the positive impact of the Bible in their mother tongues. Woven throughout, Dr. Sule-Saa discusses to what degree the Christian faith has been indigenised into the ethos and behaviour of the Dagomba and Konkomba. Theological students and those interested in missions will find this book relevant as it deals with missiological issues and serves as a reference on the establishment of Christianity among the Dagomba and Konkomba. Its multidisciplinary approach will also appeal to a wider audience. Rev. Dr. Solomon Sumani Sule-Saa completed his PhD at the Akrofi-Christaller Institute of Theology, Mission and Culture, Akropong-Akuapem, Ghana, where he is now a full-time lecturer. He is actively involved in language and missions in northern Ghana and is currently the Director of the Centre for Christian-Muslim Engagement in Africa, under the Akrofi -Christaller Institute.

Au cours des trente derni├¿res ann├⌐es, les chercheurs ont fait des progr├¿s significatifs dans la compr├⌐hension du fonctionnement de la communication humaine. Au d├⌐part, il fallait rechercher le sens dans les textes seuls. A pr├⌐sent, les chercheurs consid├¿rent que les textes fournissent des indices qui am├¿nent les auditeurs ├á d├⌐couvrir le sens voulu par le locuteur. Les auditeurs utilisent d''autres sources de renseignement ainsi que des choses qu''ils connaissent d├⌐j├á et des informations provenant de l''environnement du discours, pour comprendre non seulement les mots du texte mais aussi ce que le locuteur communique. Tout cela a des implications importantes pour la traduction de la Bible. Traduire la Bible : Comment s''y prendre ? concr├⌐tise deux choses. Premi├¿rement, cet ouvrage exprime les d├⌐veloppements th├⌐oriques de la communication ├á un niveau simple et dans un langage non technique. Ensuite, il applique ces d├⌐veloppements au travail de traduction de la Bible de fa├ºon tr├¿s concr├¿te. Le livre a ├⌐t├⌐ test├⌐ dans le monde entier. Quel que soit leur niveau d''├⌐ducation, des gens sont capables de comprendre comment fonctionne la communication et peuvent appliquer ces connaissances pour communiquer les ├ëcritures ├á leurs auditoires. Traduire la Bible : Comment s''y prendre ? aide les traducteurs ├á travailler avec des communaut├⌐s linguistiques pour d├⌐terminer le type de produit biblique le plus pertinent pour elles, compte tenu de leurs capacit├⌐s et de leurs pr├⌐f├⌐rences. 

In The Geometry and Features of Tone, linguists will benefit from the theory presented as well as from its practical application to four case studies. First published in 1999, this book has not lost its relevance; it will stimulate the seasoned linguist and provide valuable instruction to students of phonology and tone.The Geometry and Features of Tone describes Register Tier Theory (RTT). Couched within the broader theories of autosegmental phonology and feature geometry, RTT is a model for representing tone phonologically:what features are involved,how the features relate to tone-bearing units, andhow the features interact with one another.Following brief introductions to autosegmental phonology and lexical phonology, as well as following a relatively abstract treatment of RTT, case studies are presented of diverse types of register phenomena. The final chapter critiques a number of alternative proposals.No substantive changes were made in this edition, but typographical errors have been corrected.

Each volume in the Exegetical Summaries series works through the original text phrase by phrase. English equivalents are provided for all Hebrew and Greek words, making this an excellent reference for exegetes of all levels.Questions that occur to exegetes as they study the text are stated and then answered by summarizing the ways many scholars have interpreted the text. This information should help translators or students in making their own exegetical decisions.As a basis for discussion, a semi-literal translation of the text is given. The first question to be answered is the meaning of key words in context. Information from standard lexicons is given and then translations of the word are cited from a dozen major Bible versions and from commentaries that offer their own translations of the text.Questions about the grammar and discourse structure of the original languages are answered by summarizing the views of many commentators. When exegetical disagreements appear in the commentaries and versions, the various interpretations are listed.This book is not intended to replace the commentaries that are consulted. Rather than being a stand-alone commentary, this book summarizes many important details of exegesis that should be considered in studying the biblical text.

Can a culture have a theme that unifies seemingly unrelated practices? In this volume, Collins suggests that Maya-Mam customs as different as constructing a house, staying healthy, seeking God, disciplining children, agreeing to a contract, or just speaking the language, all originate from the same concept- a search for the center. This is far more than mere balance, long recognized as a Mayan cultural value. Rather, center space is a place of physical and metaphysical peace, acceptance, meaning, health, happiness and "home." Collins also shows how cenderedness is deeply embedded in the grammar of Mam- its lexicon, morphology, syntax, and discourse structure. This relatedness of Mam culture and linguistics provides an unusually detailed contribution to the debate on linguistic relativity and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Collins combines historical accounts with firsthand ethnographic and linguistic methodology to explore the concept of centeredness. Detailed accounts of his personal interaction with the Mam illustrate and enrich the book''s concepts. This volume will interest students of the relationship between language and culture generally, and specifically those interested in the study of Maya of Mexico and Guatemala. Wesley M. Collins (Ph.D., The Ohio State University), along with his family, lived and worked among the Maya-Mam people for over 30 years. He currently directs the CILTA linguistic training course in Peru. His academic interests include linguistic development of indigenous languages and Mam-language research

Each volume in the Exegetical Summaries series works through the original text phrase by phrase. English equivalents are provided for all Hebrew and Greek words, making this an excellent reference for exegetes of all levels. Questions that occur to exegetes as they study the text are stated and then answered by summarizing the ways many scholars have interpreted the text. This information should help translators or students in making their own exegetical decisions. As a basis for discussion, a semi-literal translation of the text is given. The first question to be answered is the meaning of key words in context. Information from standard lexicons is given and then translations of the word are cited from a dozen major Bible versions and from commentaries that offer their own translations of the text. Questions about the grammar and discourse structure of the original languages are answered by summarizing the views of many commentators. When exegetical disagreements appear in the commentaries and versions, the various interpretations are listed. This book is not intended to replace the commentaries that are consulted. Rather than being a stand-alone commentary, this book summarizes many important details of exegesis that should be considered in studying the biblical text. Thomas Tehan (Ph.D., University of Kansas), is a member of the Department of Linguistics of Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. His areas of interest include discourse analysis and text linguistics, translation theory and methods, and sociocultural linguistics and endangered languages. David Abernathy is the author of three of the Exegetical Summary series-Romans 1-8, 2 Corinthians, 1 Peter, and coauthored Sermon on the Mount. He has earned a Master of Theology from Reformed Theological Seminary in 2003. He serves with SIL. He teaches Greek, Hebrew, and Biblical Exegesis at the Pan Africa Christian College in Kenya.

The central idea of this volume is the insistence that the structure of a part of a text must be explained in light of the structure of the whole. This needs to be repeated anew to every generation of linguistics students as a warning against analytic nearsightedness-the fixation on parts of a text without regard to the whole. Holistic Discourse Analysis is not a plea to abandon the analysis of lower levels of grammar, but to enrich the study of them by putting them in broader perspective.The book addresses discourse analysis and its purpose, text typology, and constituent-based charting with an analysis of a story in terms of peak and profile. It discusses functions of different verb types and their tense/aspect/modality, of noun phrases, and of clause combining in discourse. It includes a chapter with a layman''s introduction to discourse analysis, and another with ways to represent combinations of sentences in a paragraph. The last three chapters deal with nonnarrative discourses: procedural, hortatory, and expository.This Second Edition has significantly improved the usability of the volume by employing color-coding in illustrative texts so the reader can more easily visualize multiple levels of prominence in these texts. This book offers itself both as a classroom text and a field manual for discourse analysis. It can also serve as an introduction to the more theoretically oriented volume, Longacre''s The Grammar of Discourse (1996).Robert Longacre has a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He and his wife Gwen translated the New Testament into Trique, an Oto-Manguean language. From 1972 to 1991 he taught linguistics at the University of Texas at Arlington and served as a linguistic consultant for SIL. At present, he is researching the discourse structure of biblical Hebrew and also the theory and practice of discourse analysis in general.Shin Ja Hwang, was a student of Robert Longacre in her M.A. and Ph.D. studies and has worked with him as a colleague. She has taught graduate courses on discourse analysis, functional grammar, language universals and typology, and sociolinguistics at Texas SIL, the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics, and the University of Texas at Arlington.