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This is a record of window glass making by the Company of Pilkington Brothers, at Grove Street, St. Helens from 1826 to 1952.St. Helens is in England in the South of Lancashire at what was in the old days the junction of the roads from Liverpool to Bolton and from Warrington to Ormskirk. It grew up from 1700 onwards, as a product of the industrial revolution when it was found to have coal and sand in its immediate vicinity with salt nearby. The construction of a canal and then a railway helped to found glass and chemical industries, copper works and foundries, all of which grew steadily through the 1800s.There are three periods in history of glass making at Grove Street, the first being what I will call the "Manual Age" from about the 17th. Century to 1930, the second being the "Mechanical Age" from 1930 to 1958 and then from 1958 the "Technological Age", epitomised by the making of glass by the float process.The record is wholly about the sheet and rolled glass making factory known as Sheet Works, located in St. Helens at Grove Street only a short distance from the town centre. It was the birth place of the Company of Pilkington Brothers when it was originally founded as the St. Helens Glass Company in 1826 who started glass making under the Old Cone or No. 1 House, near to the banks of the St. Helens canal.

The constitution of coloured glasses, the colours of glasses produced by various colouring ions and other additions are explained in this classic work. In addition, fluorescence, thermoluminescence and solarisation are also described. 1951 (print on demand 2023), 216 mm × 137 mm, 558 pages, black and white illustrations, ISBN 978-0-900682-91-9PART I THE CONSTITUTION OF COLOURED GLASSESPART II THE COLOURS OF GLASSES PRODUCED BY VARIOUS COLOURING IONSPART III THE COLOURS OF GLASSES PRODUCED BY THE NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS: SULPHUR, SELENIUM, TELLURIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND CERTAIN OF THEIR COMPOUNDSPART IV THE COLOURS PRODUCED BY METAL ATOMSPART V THE FLUORESCENCE, THERMOLUMINESCENCE AND THE SOLARISATION OF GLASS

During the manufacture of all glass products, both temporary and residual stresses develop. Such stresses arise as a consequence of the manufacturing processes and for proper process control to be exercised it is necessary to be able to quantify these stresses. The optical method of experimental stress analysis, known as photoelasticity, has been used very effectively in the evaluation of the stresses occurring in structures of varying complexity, together with their components, when subjected to specified loading conditions. As the photoelastic technique requires materials that are both transparent and birefringent and many glasses exhibit these properties, this method of analysis can be used to determine the stresses in glass products. There are many texts dealing with photoelastic analysis and its applications, but they are not aimed specifically at the assessment of residual stresses in glasses. This publication offers a practical guide providing information on the various optical arrangements and interpretation of results from typical plant apparatus, it is of general interest to those making stress measurements within the glass industry. There is a survey of the available methods and an outline of the application of these techniques to the various measurements which have to be made as a matter of course during production. In addition, the relevant theory is discussed in a non-mathematical manner to provide readers with the background knowledge of how these techniques work, as well as an appreciation of the limitations of the methods when applied to glass products. Users of photoelastic techniques in the glass industry, both in day-to-day quality assurance and in more specialist fault-finding applications, will find the information in this book relevant to their needs and that it provides an improved understanding of the measurements being made.

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Borate Glasses, Crystals and Melts: New techniques and practical applications, Borate7, held at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on 21-25 August 2011. A collected volume of papers from the Seventh International Conference, the papers were originally published in Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B. Edited by A. C. Hannon, J. W. Zwanziger, S. Kroeker, L. Cormier & R. Youngman

In May 1925, the Society of Glass Technology hosted a Symposium on the Constitution of Glass. This seems to have been the very first meeting, with an international participation, dedicated specifically to the constitution of glass, and is of exceptional interest because it provides a unique summary of the concepts relating to the constitution and structure of glass that were current during the mid 1920s. All but one of the Symposium papers were published in the Journal of the Society of Glass Technology and, in 1927, they were collected together, with the General Discussion and two further papers, in a volume entitled The Constitution of Glass, edited by W.E.S. Turner, which has long been out of print. Given the historical importance of the Symposium, it was decided to publish an updated version of the 1927 volume, to which has been added an historical introduction and a short commentary on each of the Symposium papers, to place it in context. The opportunity has also been taken to include two further papers published in 1930, thus extending the history of glass constitution/structure research up to a point just prior to Zachariasen's famous 1932 paper, entitled The Atomic Arrangement in Glass [W.H. Zachariasen, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932), 3841.]. In addition, a hitherto unpublished English translation of the paper The Polymorphism and Annealing of Glass by A.A. Lebedev [Trudy Gos. Opt. Inst. No. 10, 2 (1921).] is included in an Appendix, in lieu of his missing Symposium paper, and is based on an American version by the National Translations Center.

Borate2008: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Borate Glasses, Crystals and Melts: new techniques and practical applications held at Himeji, Japan on 18-22 August 2008A collected volume of papers from the Sixth International Conference, the papers were originally published in Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B: and Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A:The Conference was dedicated to Professor Adrian C. Wright to honour his achievements in glass science, and in particular borate glasses and neutron diffraction.

Bontemps on Glass Making: the Guide du Verrier of Georges BontempsThe fifth in a series on how the understanding of glassmaking advanced over the course of three centuries from the early 1600s to around 1870.Georges Bontemps (1799-1884) was probably the most skilful and adventurous European glass works manager of his age. His life began inauspiciously because he was illegitimate and ignored by his father, a graduate of the École polytechnique and army officer. In 1817 Georges was refused entry to the École polytechnique, despite having done well in the entry examination. Bontemp then became assistant to Dartigues, owner of three separate works making lead crystal, and was soon managing the glass making at Baccarat. By 1822 he was directing the glass works at Choisy-le-Roi which was unusual in making several kinds of glass including window glass, lead crystal, domestic wares such as drinking glasses, stained glass windows, and optical glass. At Choisy-le-Roi he was responsible for several major advances. He remained there until 1848 when he moved to England to work for Chance Brothers in Smethwick for six years before returning to France. His Guide du Verrier, published in 1868, is the most detailed known authoritative description of the glass making practices of his time. Its seven sections describe the techniques of glass melting and making window glass, plate glass, bottles, lead crystal, optical glass, and stained glass windows. Bontemps had firsthand experience of all of these except making cast plate. Dozens of batch recipes are given, especially of coloured glasses. The book is copiously illustrated. One of its unique features is an analysis of the economics of the process at the end of each section.

This is a collection of papers researched and written by Francis Buckley and originally published in the Journal of the Society of Glass Technology in the 1920s. Each chapter gives details of glass making factories around the UK from the late 17th century to the early 19th. John Houghton, an eminent member of the Royal Society, wrote a series of Letters to Parliament under the general title of "Husbandry and Trade Improvement". Letter Number 198, dated 15th May 1696 listed all the glass works in England and Wales which were working at that time, around 90 in total. Buckley probably used Houghton's listing for his research, it is an obvious starting point, most of the glassworks in Houghton's list are mentioned along with many more. The additional ones are glassworks that were built after 1696, in fact in some of his papers Buckley continues into the early part of the 19th Century. There are also glassworks listed for areas not covered by Houghton for example Cumberland and many parts of Yorkshire, and Scotland. One of the fascinations of Buckley's papers is that he not only lists his references, he actually states what they are, giving additional information to that in the main text.